ISO 22538-5:2010
(Main)Space systems — Oxygen safety — Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures
Space systems — Oxygen safety — Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures
ISO 22538-5:2010 specifies a set of operational and emergency procedures for the safe storage, handling and transfer of liquid and gaseous oxygen.
Systèmes spatiaux — Sécurité des systèmes d'oxygène — Partie 5: Procédures de fonctionnement et d'urgence
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22538-5
First edition
2010-07-01
Space systems — Oxygen safety —
Part 5:
Operational and emergency procedures
Systèmes spatiaux — Sécurité des systèmes d'oxygène —
Partie 5: Procédures de fonctionnement et d'urgence
Reference number
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms.1
2.1 Terms and definitions .1
2.2 Abbreviated terms .1
3 Operational procedures.1
3.1 General guidelines .1
3.2 Personnel .2
3.3 Cool-down and loading procedures .4
3.4 Examinations .5
4 Emergency procedures.5
4.1 Types of emergencies.5
4.2 Assistance plans and procedures and policy .7
4.3 Fire-fighting techniques.8
Bibliography.9
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22538-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
ISO 22538 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems — Oxygen safety:
⎯ Part 1: Design of oxygen systems and components
⎯ Part 2: Selection of metallic materials for oxygen systems and components
⎯ Part 3: Selection of non-metallic materials for oxygen systems and components
⎯ Part 4: Hazards analyses for oxygen systems and components
⎯ Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures
⎯ Part 6: Facility planning and implementation
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
Space systems — Oxygen safety —
Part 5:
Operational and emergency procedures
1 Scope
This part of ISO 22538 specifies a set of operational and emergency procedures for the safe storage, handling
and transfer of liquid and gaseous oxygen.
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
2.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
oxygen-enriched atmosphere
gas mixture or liquid mixture that contains more than 25 volume percent oxygen
2.1.2
qualified technical personnel
person who, by virtue of education, training or experience, knows how to apply physical and chemical
principles involved in the reactions between oxygen and other materials
EXAMPLE Engineers, chemists.
2.2 Abbreviated terms
GOX gaseous oxygen
LOX liquid oxygen
PPE personal protective equipment
SOP standard operational procedure
3 Operational procedures
3.1 General guidelines
Standard operational procedures (SOPs) shall be developed, with checklists as required. The SOPs shall be
prepared by qualified technical personnel familiar with the work being done and be reviewed by personnel
experienced the use of oxygen. SOPs for all hazardous operations shall be reviewed by the designated safety
authority. Occupational health personnel shall be involved in the review cycle when operational procedures
involve potential health hazards. The SOPs shall be implemented by line management. SOPs shall provide for
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
the control of hazards to an acceptable risk and shall be reviewed annually for observance and improvement.
The procedures shall include the following:
a) notification of the designated safety authority during hazardous operations;
b) protection of personnel;
c) prevention and detection of oxygen leaks;
d) elimination of ignition sources;
e) identification of proper safety control and hazard identification equipment;
f) priming gaseous oxygen (GOX) or liquid oxygen (LOX) containing equipment during installation and start-
up.
The design of safe facilities and equipment shall consider human capabilities and the limitations of personnel
responsible for operations.
3.2 Personnel
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1 Consideration for the safety of personnel at and near oxygen storage and use facilities shall start
in the earliest planning and design stages. Safety documentation shall describe the safety organization and
comment specifically on the following:
⎯ inspections;
⎯ training;
⎯ safety communications and meetings;
⎯ operations safety and instruction manuals;
⎯ accident investigations;
⎯ safety instruction records.
Training shall familiarize personnel with the physical, chemical and hazardous properties of LOX and GOX,
with personal protective equipment (PPE), with the correct operation of oxygen systems and with hazard
recognition and control prevention.
3.2.1.2 The responsible user organization of the facility shall be notified of oxygen transport, loading and
use operations. The user organization shall ensure that the safety equipment required at the operational site is
present, operational and that all necessary support organizations, such as security, have been notified.
Transportation of oxygen-loaded systems shall not be scheduled during peak traffic periods if possible.
3.2.1.3 Equipment failures caused by operator errors can result in fires, explosions, injury and extensive
damage. Operators shall be trained for proper operations and kept informed of any changes in operating or
safety procedures. The operators shall be qualified and certified for working with LOX and GOX. They shall
also be trained in the corrective actions required in an accident. Personnel engaged in operations shall be
advised of the hazards that may be encountered.
3.2.2 Confined space
3.2.2.1 Instruments used for determining oxygen enrichment or oxygen depletion shall be calibrated in
accordance with the manufacturer's requirements specific for the instrument. Given that oxygen itself is silent,
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
odourless and invisible, undetectable by the human senses, the oxygen content of a workspace environment
is a critical safety concern and shall not be underestimated for the following reasons:
⎯ a slight reduction in the oxygen content of ambient air has physiological effects on exposed personnel: at
low concentrations, it can incapacitate or even kill within minutes;
⎯ a few percent increase in oxygen content increases flammability: without an effective detection/warning
system, personnel are extremely vulnerable.
3.2.2.2 Personnel shall not be permitted to enter a confined space that may be subject to oxygen
enrichment or oxygen depletion, or a confined space that contains a toxic material, until an assessment of that
space is made and specific authorization is obtained. All personnel shall be aware of instrument limitations
and cross-sensitivities to other contaminants. Entry shall be permitted in accordance with facility requirements
and only trained personnel shall be allowed to use monitoring equipment, evaluate the possibility of access
and actually enter the area. Free entrance is permissible only if the oxygen concentration is between 19,5 and
25,0 volume percent.
3.2.3 Operator certification
Before being certified to work with LOX or GOX, the operator shall demonstrate the following:
a) knowledge of the properties of LOX and GOX;
b) general knowledge of approved materials that are compatible with LOX and GOX under operating
conditions;
c) familiarity with manufacturers' manuals detailing equipment operations;
d) proficiency in the use and care of protective equipment, clothing and safety equipment;
e) proficiency in maintaining a clean system and clean equipment in oxygen service;
f) recognition of normal operations and symptoms that indicate deviations from such operations;
g) conscientious following of instructions and checklist requirements.
3.2.4 Personal protective measures
3.2.4.1 General
Protective clothing and equipment, including respiratory protection, shall be included in personal protective
measures. All operations that involve handling LOX shall be performed with a minimum of two members of
staff (under the so-called “buddy system”) at the level required for the hazard and complexity of the task.
3.2.4.2 Safety clothing
3.2.4.2.1 Gloves for use around LOX systems shall not be made of leather and shall have a good insulating
quality. They shall be designed for quick removal in case of infiltration by LOX. Because LOX may also
infiltrate footwear, shoes shall have high tops, and trouser legs shall be worn outside and over the tops of
shoes. The trousers shall have no external pocket openings and no cuffs. The shoes shall be of leather.
3.2.4.2.2 Personnel handling LOX shall wear head and face protection appropriate for the task. A face
shield or a hood with a face shield shall be worn. If LOX is being handled in an open system, an apron of
impermeable material shall be worn.
3.2.4.2.3 Oxygen will saturate normal clothing, rendering it extremely flammable. Clothing described as
flame-resistant or flame-retardant under normal atmospheric conditions may be flammable in an oxygen-
enriched atmosphere. Impermeable clothing components with good insulating properties may help protect the
wearer from thermal injuries.
© ISO 2010 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22538-5:2010(E)
3.2.4.2.4 Any clothing that has been splashed or soaked with oxygen vapours shall not be removed until
completely free of the gas. Personnel exposed to high-oxygen atmospheres shall leave the area and avoid all
sources of ignition until the oxygen in their clothing dissipates. Oxygen can also saturate the skin, therefore
personnel shall avoid ignition sources for 30 min after exposure.
3.2.4.3 Respiratory protection
If respiratory protection is required, as in cleaning, venting or purging operations, the breathing air used shall
be periodically tested to ensure it meets required specifications. Cleaning, venting and purging operations
may introduce chemical hazards, as well as oxygen deficiency or oxygen enrichment hazards. The breathing
air shall be adequately characterized to ensure that the ambient air is safe to breathe. Respiratory protection
shall be based upon this characterization.
3.2.4.4 Auxiliary equipment
3.2.4.4.1 Portable oxygen detectors of approved design are useful where oxygen leakage may increase fire
and explosion hazards.
3.2.4.4.2 Safety showers and eye-wash fountains are provided only to deal with fire and corrosive
chemicals or to flush cryogenic liquids from clothing and skin.
3.2.4.4.3 Water hoses shall be available to thaw valves and fittings on cryogenic storage containers.
Atmospheric moisture may freeze on valve stems and similar components, making them impossible to open or
close. Running water onto the frozen part may thaw the ice and enable component operation. Running water
is also useful to thaw ice if a person's gloved hand freezes to a valve handle.
3.2.4.4.4 Appropriate warning systems shall be used to monitor oxygen systems that are a potential danger
to operating personnel. The warning systems shall be shielded and designed in such a way that the operation
of
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.