ISO 13649:2024
(Main)Earth-moving machinery — Fire prevention guidance
Earth-moving machinery — Fire prevention guidance
This document provides guidance on protective measures for consideration in fire risk reduction through machine design and operation and maintenance instructions for earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, during their intended use. NOTE The information in this document presumes that fire hazards for the normal applications anticipated for the machine family by the machine manufacturer have been analysed. This analysis can be done as part of the ISO 12100 machine risk assessment or as a separate fire hazard risk assessment conducted in accordance with ISO 12100 or ISO 19353:2019, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. This document also provides the basic concept of fire hazards and examples of typical fuel sources and ignition sources found in earth-moving machinery and earth-moving machinery applications. This document does not cover all specific aspects of fire prevention for battery electric powertrains (e.g. fire prevention for batteries, battery management systems) due to the evolving development of such technology. However, the guidance in this document can still be beneficial. Additional guidance can also be found in the ISO 14990 series and ISO/DIS 23285.1) This document does not cover the additional risks for machines operating in potentially explosive atmospheres. 1)Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 23285:2024
Engins de terrassement — Lignes directrices pour la prévention des incendies
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 13649
First edition
Earth-moving machinery — Fire
2024-09
prevention guidance
Engins de terrassement — Lignes directrices pour la prévention
des incendies
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Fire hazards . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Fuel sources .3
4.2.1 General .3
4.2.2 Machine components .3
4.2.3 Machine fluids, gases and other onboard substances .3
4.2.4 Environmental debris .3
4.3 Oxidizers .3
4.4 Ignition sources .3
4.4.1 General .3
4.4.2 Thermal energy ignition sources.4
4.4.3 Electrical energy ignition sources .4
4.4.4 Mechanical energy ignition sources .4
5 Strategy for risk assessment and risk reduction . 4
6 Design guidance for fire risk reduction . 5
6.1 General .5
6.2 Ignition sources .5
6.2.1 Mechanical and thermal ignition sources .5
6.2.2 Electrical ignition sources .5
6.3 Fuel sources .6
6.4 Segregation of fuel and ignition sources .7
6.5 Fire extinguishers and fire suppression .8
7 Information for use . 8
7.1 General .8
7.2 Fire prevention .8
7.2.1 Operation .8
7.2.2 Fuelling .9
7.2.3 Starting .9
7.2.4 Maintenance and inspection .9
7.2.5 Service and repair .11
7.3 Fire safety .11
Annex A (informative) Examples of fuel sources .13
Annex B (informative) Examples of ignition sources .15
Bibliography . 17
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee
SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 13649:2024(en)
Earth-moving machinery — Fire prevention guidance
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on protective measures for consideration in fire risk reduction through
machine design and operation and maintenance instructions for earth-moving machinery, as defined in
ISO 6165, during their intended use.
NOTE The information in this document presumes that fire hazards for the normal applications anticipated for the
machine family by the machine manufacturer have been analysed. This analysis can be done as part of the ISO 12100
machine risk assessment or as a separate fire hazard risk assessment conducted in accordance with ISO 12100 or
ISO 19353:2019, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4.
This document also provides the basic concept of fire hazards and examples of typical fuel sources and
ignition sources found in earth-moving machinery and earth-moving machinery applications.
This document does not cover all specific aspects of fire prevention for battery electric powertrains (e.g. fire
prevention for batteries, battery management systems) due to the evolving development of such technology.
However, the guidance in this document can still be beneficial. Additional guidance can also be found in the
1)
ISO 14990 series and ISO/DIS 23285.
This document does not cover the additional risks for machines operating in potentially explosive
atmospheres.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
explosive atmosphere
atmospheres containing substances or gases at concentrations that will burn or explode if ignited
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 19591:2018, 3.112]
3.2
fire prevention
measures to prevent the outbreak of a fire and/or to limit its effects
[SOURCE: ISO 8421-1:1987, 1.21]
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 23285:2024
3.3
ignition energy
energy necessary to initiate combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 19353:2019, 3.8]
3.4
ignition source
source of energy that initiates combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2023, 3.244]
3.5
combustible
capable of burning
[SOURCE: ISO 8421-1:1987, 1.9]
3.6
firewall
wall or partition designed to inhibit or prevent the spread of fire
4 Fire hazards
4.1 General
A fire hazard exists if combustible materials (fuel), oxidizer (oxygen) and ignition energy (heat) are
available in sufficient quantities at the same place and at the same time. A fire is an interaction of these three
components in the form of an uninhibited chemical chain reaction. See Figure 1.
Key
1 heat (see 4.3)
2 oxygen
3 fuel (see 4.2)
4 uninhibited chemical chain reaction
Figure 1 — Fire tetrahedron
...
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