ISO 12219-1:2012
(Main)Interior air of road vehicles — Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
Interior air of road vehicles — Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
ISO 12219-1:2012 describes and specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, a fixed irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed. The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles described in this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA®[1] sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000‑6, which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C6 to n-C16. The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m3 to 1 mg/m3. The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ISO 3833. ISO 12219-1:2012 describes: a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test; b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle test chamber; c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements; d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode); e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode); f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode). Buses, motor caravans, and trucks, in accordance with the descriptions given in ISO 3833, are excluded. [1] Tenax TA® is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers — Partie 1: Enceinte d'essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les habitacles d'automobiles
L'ISO 12219-1:2012 décrit et spécifie l'enceinte d'essai pour un véhicule complet, le montage pour l'échantillonnage des vapeurs et les conditions de fonctionnement utilisés pour la détermination des composés organiques volatils (COV) et des composés carbonylés dans l'air d'un habitacle de véhicule. Trois mesurages sont réalisés: le premier (pour les COV et les composés carbonylés) pendant la simulation de conditions ambiantes (mode ambiant) dans des conditions normalisées à 23 °C sans renouvellement de l'air, le deuxième uniquement pour le mesurage du formaldéhyde à des températures élevées (mode stationnement), et le troisième pour les COV et les composés carbonylés dans des conditions simulées de conduite après une période de stationnement du véhicule au soleil, débutant à des températures élevées (mode conduite). Pour la simulation du rayonnement solaire moyen, un rayonnement déterminé est employé dans l'enceinte d'essai pour véhicule complet. La méthode relative aux COV est valable pour le mesurage des COV non polaires et légèrement polaires dans une plage de concentration allant d'une concentration inférieure au microgramme par mètre cube jusqu'à une concentration de plusieurs milligrammes par mètre cube. En appliquant les principes énoncés dans cette méthode, certains composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) peuvent également être analysés. Les composés compatibles sont ceux qui peuvent être retenus et libérés par les tubes à adsorption Tenax TA® décrits dans l'ISO 16000-6; ils comprennent les COV dont la volatilité est comprise entre n-C6 et n-C16. Le mode opératoire d'échantillonnage et d'analyse relatif au formaldéhyde et à d'autres composés carbonylés consiste à collecter de l'air sur des cartouches imprégnées de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine (DNPH), puis à l'analyser par chromatographie liquide à haute performance (CLHP) avec détection par absorption dans l'ultraviolet. Le formaldéhyde et d'autres composés carbonylés peuvent être mesurés dans la plage de concentration allant d'environ 1 µg/m3 à 1 mg/m3. La méthode est valable pour les véhicules particuliers, tels que définis dans l'ISO 3833. L'ISO 12219-1:2012 décrit: a) le transport et le stockage des véhicules d'essai jusqu'au début de l'essai; b) le conditionnement de l'environnement du véhicule d'essai et du véhicule d'essai lui-même ainsi que de l'enceinte d'essai pour véhicule complet; c) le conditionnement du véhicule d'essai avant les mesurages; d) la simulation des conditions d'air ambiant (mode ambiant); e) l'échantillonnage du formaldéhyde à des températures élevées (mode stationnement); f) la simulation de la conduite après une période de stationnement du véhicule d'essai au soleil (mode conduite). Les autocars, les camping-cars et les camions conformes aux descriptions données dans l'ISO 3833 sont exclus.
Notranji zrak v cestnih vozilih - 1. del: Preskusna komora za celotno vozilo - Specifikacija in metoda za določevanje hlapnih organskih spojin v notranjosti kabine
Ta del standarda ISO 12219 opisuje in določa preskusno komoro za celotno vozilo, sestav za vzorčenje hlapov ter obratovalne pogoje za določevanje hlapnih organskih spojin (VOC) in karbonilnih spojin v zraku v kabini vozila. Izvajajo se tri meritve: ena (za hlapne organske spojine in karbonilne spojine) med simulacijo okoljskih pogojev (način okolja) pri standardnih pogojih 23 °C brez izmenjave zraka; druga se izvaja samo za merjenje formaldehida pri povišanih temperaturah (način parkiranja); tretja meritev se izvaja za hlapne organske spojine in karbonilne spojine, ki simulirajo vožnjo vozila, ki je bilo parkirano na soncu, in se začne pri povišanih temperaturah (način vožnje). Za simulacijo povprečnega sončnega obsevanja se uporabi fiksno obsevanje v preskusni komori za celotno vozilo. Metoda za hlapne organske spojine je veljavna za merjenje nepolarnih ali rahlo polarnih hlapnih organskih spojin v koncentracijah, manjših od mikrogramov na kubični meter do več miligramov na kubični meter. Ob upoštevanju načel iz te metode se lahko analizirajo tudi nekatere polhlapne organske spojine (SVOC). Združljive spojine so spojine, ki jih je mogoče ujeti in izpustiti iz cevi sorbentov Tenax TA®1) iz standarda ISO 16000-6, kamor spadajo tudi hlapne organske spojine s hlapnostjo od n-C6 do n-C16. Postopek za vzorčenje in analizo formaldehida in drugih karbonilnih spojin vključuje zbiranje iz zraka v kasete, prevlečene z 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazinom (DNPH), ter poznejšo analizo s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) z zaznavanjem prek ultravijolične absorpcije. Formaldehid in druge karbonilne spojine je mogoče določiti v približnem območju koncentracije 1 μg/m3 do 1 mg/m3. Metoda je veljavna za potniške avtomobile iz standarda ISO 3833. Ta del standarda ISO 12219 opisuje:
a) prevoz in skladiščenje preskusnih vozil do začetka preskusa;
b) kondicioniranje za okolico preskusnega vozila in preskusno vozilo samo ter preskusno komoro za celotno vozilo;
c) kondicioniranje preskusnega vozila pred merjenji;
d) simulacijo pogojev zunanjega zraka (način okolja);
e) vzorčenje formaldehida pri povišanih temperaturah (način parkiranja);
f) simulacijo vožnje preskusnega vozila, ki je bilo parkirano na soncu (način vožnje). Avtobusi, avtodomi in tovornjaki, skladni z opisi iz standarda ISO 3833, so izključeni.
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Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 12219-1:2013
01-april-2013
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6SHFLILNDFLMDLQPHWRGD]DGRORþHYDQMHKODSQLKRUJDQVNLKVSRMLQYQRWUDQMRVWL
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Interior air of road vehicles - Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber - Specification and
method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers - Partie 1: Enceinte d'essai pour un véhicule complet -
Spécification et méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d'automobiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12219-1:2012
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
43.020 Cestna vozila na splošno Road vehicles in general
SIST ISO 12219-1:2013 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 12219-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12219-1
First edition
2012-07-15
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber —
Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1: Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et
méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d’automobiles
Reference number
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Apparatus and materials . 3
5 Principle . 4
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measurement procedures . 5
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber . 5
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle . 7
6.3 Requirements for VOC and carbonyl compound air sampling and measurement methods . 7
6.4 Blank measurements . 8
7 Standard test procedure . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Pre-arrangements and preconditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber and the vehicle and
performing the field blanks . 9
7.3 Detailed description of the test procedure .10
8 Calculation, presentation of results, and precision and uncertainty .12
9 Performance characteristics .12
10 Quality assurance/quality control .12
Annex A (informative) Whole vehicle test chamber .13
Annex B (informative) Temperature measuring points for parking mode .14
Annex C (informative) Test report .15
Annex D (informative) Very volatile organic compounds, volatile organic compounds, and semi-volatile
organic compounds .20
Annex E (normative) Overview of the number of samples to be taken .21
Bibliography .22
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12219-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air, in
collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.
ISO 12219 consists of the following parts, under the general title Interior air of road vehicles:
— Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
— Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Bag method
— Part 3 Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle
interior parts and materials — Micro-scale chamber method
— Part 4: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Small chamber method
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 5: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Static chamber method
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Introduction
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely used in industry and can be emitted by many everyday products
and materials. They have attracted attention in recent years because of their impact on indoor air quality. After
homes and workplaces, people spend a lot of time in their vehicles. It is important to determine the material
emissions of interior parts and to reduce them to an acceptable level, if required. Therefore it is necessary
to obtain comprehensive and reliable information about the types of organic compounds in the interior air of
vehicles and also their concentrations.
This part of ISO 12219 outlines a method of measuring the types and levels of VOCs in vehicle cabin air
under controlled conditions. It describes requirements for a whole vehicle test chamber and a test protocol.
Measurements are carried out according to ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) and ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds).
There are several national test methods available for measuring in-vehicle air quality, e.g. References [2][3].
However, this part of ISO 12219 requires a fixed heating radiation system whereas the methods of References
[2][3] define a fixed temperature programme.
Before setting a fixed radiation density for heating the test vehicle, several validation measurements were
performed (Reference [1]).
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-6, ISO 16000-9, ISO 16000-10, ISO 16000-11, ISO 16000-24,
[11] [12]
ISO 16000-25, as well as ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC)
measurements.
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SIST ISO 12219-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Interior air of road vehicles
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
WARNING — It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 12219 to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. National
regulations for precautions shall be followed.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12219 describes and specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly
and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl
compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl
compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C
with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking
mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in
the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, a fixed
irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed.
The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of
sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles described in
this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds
®1)
are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000-6,
which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C to n-C .
6 16
The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by
collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other
3 3
carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m to 1 mg/m .
The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ISO 3833.
This part of ISO 12219 describes:
a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test;
b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle
test chamber;
c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements;
d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode);
e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode);
f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode).
Buses, motor caravans, and trucks, in accordance with the descriptions given in ISO 3833, are excluded.
®
1) Tenax TA is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of
users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be
used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3833:1977, Road vehicles — Types — Terms and definitions
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air
and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6:2011, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber
®
air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS–FID
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-6 and the following apply.
3.1
background concentration
analyte concentration in the whole-vehicle test chamber when the test vehicle is inside
3.2
test vehicle
new or used vehicle to be tested
NOTE 1 The test vehicle can be of any type specified in ISO 3833:1977, 3.1.1, only.
NOTE 2 See also 4.5.
3.3
total volatile organic compounds
TVOCs
®1)
sum of volatile organic compounds sampled on Tenax TA and eluting between and including n-hexane and
n-hexadecane, detected with a flame ionization detector (TVOC ) or mass spectrometric detector (TVOC )
FID MS
and quantified converting the total area of the chromatogram in that analytical window to toluene equivalents
NOTE Adapted from ISO 16000-6:2011, 3.4.
3.4
carbonyl compound
compound containing the functional group –C(=O)– determined according to a specified procedure
NOTE For the purposes of this part of ISO 12219, the procedure is that specified in ISO 16000-3.
3.5
ambient mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
ambient temperature conditions is performed, defined by 23 °C
NOTE Engine off, radiators off, sampling time 30 min.
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3.6
parking mode
mode in which sampling of formaldehyde in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized elevated
temperatures is performed
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.7
driving mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
conditions starting at elevated temperatures is performed, simulating a vehicle driven after being parked in the sun
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.8
sampling train
apparatus to collect the sample gas inside the test vehicle cabin (indoor) and in the whole vehicle test chamber,
trapping the VOCs and carbonyl compounds in sorbent tubes under standardized conditions
NOTE See ISO 16000-3 for formaldehyde and ISO 16000-6 for VOCs.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 General. The whole vehicle test chamber is big enough to house the test vehicle completely. An air-
conditioning system is installed to allow standardized air conditions for a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, humidity of
50 % RH ± 10 % RH. A solar radiator system is installed to heat the test vehicle cabin with a fixed irradiation. The
resulting temperature inside the cabin depends on the insulation and the window glass material (the minimum
requirements are specified in 6.1) (see also Figure 1).
4.2 Heating radiator. Infrared radiator, halogen radiator or other radiators (simulating sunlight) (wavelengths
<300 nm shall be filtered out). The heating radiators used shall be powered to create a radiation density at the
2 2
reference measurement point in the middle of the roof surface of the test vehicle of 350 W/m to 450 W/m
2 2
(400 W/m ± 50 W/m ).
The heating area shall cover at least the area of the test vehicle cabin and an additional 0,5 m more to each
side of the lower part of the glazing (footprint) (see Figure 1). Position the heating radiators on the roof with a
shining angle of 90° to the heating area. There shall be no heating radiators shining from the side. The heating
2 2
area shall be calibrated in squares of 25 cm × 25 cm with a radiation density of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m . The
required radiation density shall be available directly after the lamps are switched on (within a few minutes).
The irradiation shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9060.
Take care not to have too short a distance between radiator and surface in order to avoid hot spots.
4.3 Sampling trains.
4.3.1 Sampling in the test vehicle. Four sampling trains are employed: two for the VOC measurements
in parallel and two for the carbonyl compound measurements in parallel in the test vehicle (to check the
repeatability) (see ISO 16000-3 for carbonyl compounds and ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16017-1 for VOCs). There
is one sampling line with a manifold for the division of the sampling flow outside the test vehicle (see 4.3.3). It
consists of the probe, the sampling line (heated, if necessary), the sorbent tube for VOC or the DNPH cartridge
for carbonyl compound sampling respectively, the gas meters and the pumps (see 4.5).
All sampling trains shall be checked for leaks and shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average
time of 10 s. For the leak check, the nozzle shall be plugged. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
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4.3.2 Sampling in the whole vehicle test chamber. Four sampling trains are used to determine the
background concentration in the whole vehicle test chamber. The sampling trains are identical to those of 4.3.1,
apart from the sampling line, which is much shorter and not heated.
All sampling trains shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average of 10 s. The nozzle is
plugged for the leak check. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
4.3.3 Sampling line. Tubing, between the sampling point (probe) inside the test vehicle, via the manifold
outside the test vehicle to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges respectively (see Figure 1).
The sampling line shall be constructed so as to be
a) as short as possible (maximum 5 m) with an internal diameter of 4 mm or more;
b) of inert, non-emitting and non-absorbing/non-adsorbing material [e.g. stainless steel or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass/quartz (deactivated)];
c) proven that there are no contaminations or sink effects in the sampling line;
d) with heating device, if necessary, to prevent condensation/deposition on the inner walls (best practice:
temperature controlled to about 20 °C above air temperature inside the test vehicle).
The tubing should be inserted between the door and the door frame or between the door frame and the glazing
and should be sufficiently non-compressible to ensure an unimpeded flow of air.
The second sampling line [tubing, between the sampling point (probe) in the whole vehicle test chamber in
the vicinity of the test vehicle [see 6.1 b)] and the manifold and to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges,
respectively] is identical to that described in the preceding, but no heating is necessary. This second sampling
line is needed to monitor the background analyte concentration of the whole vehicle test chamber.
4.4 Analytical equipment and materials. The analytical equipment used for the determination of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds or formaldeyde alone shall be in accordance with ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) or ISO 16000-3
(carbonyl compounds), respectively.
It shall be proven for the VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges that there is no breakthrough. This can
be identified by a back-up sorbent tube which is analysed separately (see ISO 16017-1).
4.5 Test vehicle. A new vehicle (i.e. one not driven more than 50 km and within 28 d ± 5 d after the completion
of manufacture) to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test data are
dependent on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test vehicle. The colour of the test vehicles for
the determination of the official VOC and carbonyl compound emissions is black. If there is no black test vehicle
available, take the darkest colour.
All manual glazing shades shall remain open.
The test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions preventing direct solar heating, otherwise
the vehicle shall be conditioned after arrival overnight with open doors and windows before it is transferred into
the whole vehicle test chamber. This conditioning shall be undertaken if used vehicles are tested. No transport
waxes for protection should be used. All transport foils or transit lacquers shall be removed carefully before the
test. The test vehicle shall not be cleaned (inside) for at least 24 h before starting the measurements.
The method specified in this part of ISO 12219 can also be employed for used vehicles. In this case, it is possible
that the measurement results are not identical to those obtained on a new test vehicle due to different usage.
5 Principle
A whole vehicle test chamber (see Annex A) reserved for this purpose is assembled. The air in the test vehicle
cabin is measured according to a uniform standardized programme (see Figure 1). Sampling of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds is performed for the ambient mode at 23 °C. Subsequently, formaldehyde is determined
alone under elevated temperature conditions in the parking mode (see Figure 3). Sunshine is simulated by the
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use of heating radiators providing a mean fixed irradiation for 4,5 h, after which a third sample is taken in the
driving mode.
The humidity and temperature of the air inside the whole vehicle test chamber are measured. The VOC and
carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the driver breathing zone and collected on VOC sorbent
tubes and DNPH cartridges. Later the samples shall be analysed in the laboratory according to ISO 16000-6
or ISO 16000-3, respectively.
Furthermore VOC and carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the whole vehicle test chamber to determine
the background concentrations. Altogether a total of eight VOC and 12 carbonyl compound samples are required
[two duplicate room temperature samplings (ambient mode) and two duplicate elevated temperature samplings
(driving mode), and the same duplicate background samples in the whole test chamber in each of the modes as
well as the two formaldehyde measurements under the elevated temperature conditions (parking mode)].
The temperature resulting from use of the heating radiators inside the test vehicle cabin depends upon the
model of the test vehicle and is influenced by the insulation, the window material, etc.
The analytical part of the overall measurement procedure is based on the use of sorbent tubes with subsequent
thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis for VOCs (according to ISO 16000-6) and the use
of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for the determination of carbonyl compounds (according to
®1)
ISO 16000-3). The sampling of VOCs is referenced to Tenax TA sorbent tubes; however, other equivalent
sorbents may be used if they produce the same results (see ISO 16000-6).
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measure-
ment procedures
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber
The whole vehicle test chamber with the following requirements is assembled as shown in Figure 1. The
following requirements shall be met.
a) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be large enough to accommodate the complete test vehicle.
b) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. A heating
and ventilation system (including the adjustment of the humidity) and, if necessary, a cooling system is
necessary. The sampling point for the background concentrations in the whole test chamber shall be more
than 1 m from the side of the test vehicle and at the height of the lower window frame of the front door.
NOTE An air filter system can be used to keep the whole vehicle test chamber clean.
c) The temperature profile shall be in accordance with Figure 3.
d) Relative humidity (RH) during the ambient mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be 50 % RH ± 10 % RH.
e) Relative humidity RH during the parking and driving mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be documented.
3
f) The maximum background concentration for each analyte shall not exceed 20 µg/m for each single
3
component and 200 µg/m for TVOCs or a maximum of 10 % of the respective measured values (whichever
is greater). If this is not met, the source of the contamination shall be identified and removed or covered to
exclude it from the test.
g) Two duplicate VOCs and two duplicate carbonyl compound background samples (one during ambient
mode and one during driving mode) as well as one duplicate formaldehyde background sample (parking
mode) are required.
The VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges for the VOC and carbonyl compound sampling in the test
vehicle as well as the pumps and the other sampling devices are positioned in the whole vehicle test chamber.
The air exchange rate of the whole vehicle test chamber during the driving mode should be a minimum of
twice per hour.
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SIST ISO 12219-1:2013
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
h) The heating radiators are fixed above the test vehicle overlapping the footprint of the cabin of the test
2 2
vehicle by 0,5 m to each side with an irradiation density on the roof surface of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m .
i) Optional trolley or table to carry sampling devices (Figure 1, label 2).
j) Various measuring instruments and data recording for continuous recording of signals measured (e.g. for
temperature measurements and humidity measurements (Figure 1, label 3).
k) Door for the entry and exit of the test vehicle (Figure 1, label 1).
l) A hydrocarbon air warning system should be installed (option) to avoid explosive workplace atmospheres;
the workplace regulations shall be followed.
m) A pipe is fixed at the exhaust pipe liner of the test vehicle to remove the waste gas outdoors.
Dimensions in metres
Key
1 door test chamber 4 test vehicle
2 sampling device 5 test area
3 controlling and data-logging device 6 radiator area
Figure 1 — Schematic arrangement of whole vehicle test chamber components and the test vehicle
Care shall be taken to ensure that sampling train components remain at or near ambient temperature and are
protected from the direct effects of the heating radiators of the whole vehicle test chamber.
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 12219-1:2013
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle
6.2.1 A new vehicle to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test
data depends on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test car. A detailed specification of the trim
level of the test vehicle shall be included in the test report. Any deviation from that specified for the ideal situation
shall be noted and the effect of any deviation from the test results shall be explained and reported.
6.2.2 The test for a new test vehicle shall be carried out within 28 d ± 5 d after completion of assembly. The
test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditi
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12219-1
First edition
2012-07-15
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber —
Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1: Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et
méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d’automobiles
Reference number
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Apparatus and materials . 3
5 Principle . 4
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measurement procedures . 5
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber . 5
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle . 7
6.3 Requirements for VOC and carbonyl compound air sampling and measurement methods . 7
6.4 Blank measurements . 8
7 Standard test procedure . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Pre-arrangements and preconditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber and the vehicle and
performing the field blanks . 9
7.3 Detailed description of the test procedure .10
8 Calculation, presentation of results, and precision and uncertainty .12
9 Performance characteristics .12
10 Quality assurance/quality control .12
Annex A (informative) Whole vehicle test chamber .13
Annex B (informative) Temperature measuring points for parking mode .14
Annex C (informative) Test report .15
Annex D (informative) Very volatile organic compounds, volatile organic compounds, and semi-volatile
organic compounds .20
Annex E (normative) Overview of the number of samples to be taken .21
Bibliography .22
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12219-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air, in
collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.
ISO 12219 consists of the following parts, under the general title Interior air of road vehicles:
— Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
— Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Bag method
— Part 3 Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle
interior parts and materials — Micro-scale chamber method
— Part 4: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Small chamber method
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 5: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Static chamber method
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Introduction
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely used in industry and can be emitted by many everyday products
and materials. They have attracted attention in recent years because of their impact on indoor air quality. After
homes and workplaces, people spend a lot of time in their vehicles. It is important to determine the material
emissions of interior parts and to reduce them to an acceptable level, if required. Therefore it is necessary
to obtain comprehensive and reliable information about the types of organic compounds in the interior air of
vehicles and also their concentrations.
This part of ISO 12219 outlines a method of measuring the types and levels of VOCs in vehicle cabin air
under controlled conditions. It describes requirements for a whole vehicle test chamber and a test protocol.
Measurements are carried out according to ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) and ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds).
There are several national test methods available for measuring in-vehicle air quality, e.g. References [2][3].
However, this part of ISO 12219 requires a fixed heating radiation system whereas the methods of References
[2][3] define a fixed temperature programme.
Before setting a fixed radiation density for heating the test vehicle, several validation measurements were
performed (Reference [1]).
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-6, ISO 16000-9, ISO 16000-10, ISO 16000-11, ISO 16000-24,
[11] [12]
ISO 16000-25, as well as ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC)
measurements.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Interior air of road vehicles
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
WARNING — It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 12219 to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. National
regulations for precautions shall be followed.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12219 describes and specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly
and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl
compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl
compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C
with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking
mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in
the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, a fixed
irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed.
The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of
sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles described in
this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds
®1)
are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000-6,
which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C to n-C .
6 16
The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by
collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other
3 3
carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m to 1 mg/m .
The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ISO 3833.
This part of ISO 12219 describes:
a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test;
b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle
test chamber;
c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements;
d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode);
e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode);
f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode).
Buses, motor caravans, and trucks, in accordance with the descriptions given in ISO 3833, are excluded.
®
1) Tenax TA is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of
users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be
used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3833:1977, Road vehicles — Types — Terms and definitions
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air
and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6:2011, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber
®
air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS–FID
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-6 and the following apply.
3.1
background concentration
analyte concentration in the whole-vehicle test chamber when the test vehicle is inside
3.2
test vehicle
new or used vehicle to be tested
NOTE 1 The test vehicle can be of any type specified in ISO 3833:1977, 3.1.1, only.
NOTE 2 See also 4.5.
3.3
total volatile organic compounds
TVOCs
®1)
sum of volatile organic compounds sampled on Tenax TA and eluting between and including n-hexane and
n-hexadecane, detected with a flame ionization detector (TVOC ) or mass spectrometric detector (TVOC )
FID MS
and quantified converting the total area of the chromatogram in that analytical window to toluene equivalents
NOTE Adapted from ISO 16000-6:2011, 3.4.
3.4
carbonyl compound
compound containing the functional group –C(=O)– determined according to a specified procedure
NOTE For the purposes of this part of ISO 12219, the procedure is that specified in ISO 16000-3.
3.5
ambient mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
ambient temperature conditions is performed, defined by 23 °C
NOTE Engine off, radiators off, sampling time 30 min.
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
3.6
parking mode
mode in which sampling of formaldehyde in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized elevated
temperatures is performed
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.7
driving mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
conditions starting at elevated temperatures is performed, simulating a vehicle driven after being parked in the sun
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.8
sampling train
apparatus to collect the sample gas inside the test vehicle cabin (indoor) and in the whole vehicle test chamber,
trapping the VOCs and carbonyl compounds in sorbent tubes under standardized conditions
NOTE See ISO 16000-3 for formaldehyde and ISO 16000-6 for VOCs.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 General. The whole vehicle test chamber is big enough to house the test vehicle completely. An air-
conditioning system is installed to allow standardized air conditions for a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, humidity of
50 % RH ± 10 % RH. A solar radiator system is installed to heat the test vehicle cabin with a fixed irradiation. The
resulting temperature inside the cabin depends on the insulation and the window glass material (the minimum
requirements are specified in 6.1) (see also Figure 1).
4.2 Heating radiator. Infrared radiator, halogen radiator or other radiators (simulating sunlight) (wavelengths
<300 nm shall be filtered out). The heating radiators used shall be powered to create a radiation density at the
2 2
reference measurement point in the middle of the roof surface of the test vehicle of 350 W/m to 450 W/m
2 2
(400 W/m ± 50 W/m ).
The heating area shall cover at least the area of the test vehicle cabin and an additional 0,5 m more to each
side of the lower part of the glazing (footprint) (see Figure 1). Position the heating radiators on the roof with a
shining angle of 90° to the heating area. There shall be no heating radiators shining from the side. The heating
2 2
area shall be calibrated in squares of 25 cm × 25 cm with a radiation density of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m . The
required radiation density shall be available directly after the lamps are switched on (within a few minutes).
The irradiation shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9060.
Take care not to have too short a distance between radiator and surface in order to avoid hot spots.
4.3 Sampling trains.
4.3.1 Sampling in the test vehicle. Four sampling trains are employed: two for the VOC measurements
in parallel and two for the carbonyl compound measurements in parallel in the test vehicle (to check the
repeatability) (see ISO 16000-3 for carbonyl compounds and ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16017-1 for VOCs). There
is one sampling line with a manifold for the division of the sampling flow outside the test vehicle (see 4.3.3). It
consists of the probe, the sampling line (heated, if necessary), the sorbent tube for VOC or the DNPH cartridge
for carbonyl compound sampling respectively, the gas meters and the pumps (see 4.5).
All sampling trains shall be checked for leaks and shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average
time of 10 s. For the leak check, the nozzle shall be plugged. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
4.3.2 Sampling in the whole vehicle test chamber. Four sampling trains are used to determine the
background concentration in the whole vehicle test chamber. The sampling trains are identical to those of 4.3.1,
apart from the sampling line, which is much shorter and not heated.
All sampling trains shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average of 10 s. The nozzle is
plugged for the leak check. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
4.3.3 Sampling line. Tubing, between the sampling point (probe) inside the test vehicle, via the manifold
outside the test vehicle to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges respectively (see Figure 1).
The sampling line shall be constructed so as to be
a) as short as possible (maximum 5 m) with an internal diameter of 4 mm or more;
b) of inert, non-emitting and non-absorbing/non-adsorbing material [e.g. stainless steel or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass/quartz (deactivated)];
c) proven that there are no contaminations or sink effects in the sampling line;
d) with heating device, if necessary, to prevent condensation/deposition on the inner walls (best practice:
temperature controlled to about 20 °C above air temperature inside the test vehicle).
The tubing should be inserted between the door and the door frame or between the door frame and the glazing
and should be sufficiently non-compressible to ensure an unimpeded flow of air.
The second sampling line [tubing, between the sampling point (probe) in the whole vehicle test chamber in
the vicinity of the test vehicle [see 6.1 b)] and the manifold and to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges,
respectively] is identical to that described in the preceding, but no heating is necessary. This second sampling
line is needed to monitor the background analyte concentration of the whole vehicle test chamber.
4.4 Analytical equipment and materials. The analytical equipment used for the determination of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds or formaldeyde alone shall be in accordance with ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) or ISO 16000-3
(carbonyl compounds), respectively.
It shall be proven for the VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges that there is no breakthrough. This can
be identified by a back-up sorbent tube which is analysed separately (see ISO 16017-1).
4.5 Test vehicle. A new vehicle (i.e. one not driven more than 50 km and within 28 d ± 5 d after the completion
of manufacture) to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test data are
dependent on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test vehicle. The colour of the test vehicles for
the determination of the official VOC and carbonyl compound emissions is black. If there is no black test vehicle
available, take the darkest colour.
All manual glazing shades shall remain open.
The test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions preventing direct solar heating, otherwise
the vehicle shall be conditioned after arrival overnight with open doors and windows before it is transferred into
the whole vehicle test chamber. This conditioning shall be undertaken if used vehicles are tested. No transport
waxes for protection should be used. All transport foils or transit lacquers shall be removed carefully before the
test. The test vehicle shall not be cleaned (inside) for at least 24 h before starting the measurements.
The method specified in this part of ISO 12219 can also be employed for used vehicles. In this case, it is possible
that the measurement results are not identical to those obtained on a new test vehicle due to different usage.
5 Principle
A whole vehicle test chamber (see Annex A) reserved for this purpose is assembled. The air in the test vehicle
cabin is measured according to a uniform standardized programme (see Figure 1). Sampling of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds is performed for the ambient mode at 23 °C. Subsequently, formaldehyde is determined
alone under elevated temperature conditions in the parking mode (see Figure 3). Sunshine is simulated by the
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
use of heating radiators providing a mean fixed irradiation for 4,5 h, after which a third sample is taken in the
driving mode.
The humidity and temperature of the air inside the whole vehicle test chamber are measured. The VOC and
carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the driver breathing zone and collected on VOC sorbent
tubes and DNPH cartridges. Later the samples shall be analysed in the laboratory according to ISO 16000-6
or ISO 16000-3, respectively.
Furthermore VOC and carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the whole vehicle test chamber to determine
the background concentrations. Altogether a total of eight VOC and 12 carbonyl compound samples are required
[two duplicate room temperature samplings (ambient mode) and two duplicate elevated temperature samplings
(driving mode), and the same duplicate background samples in the whole test chamber in each of the modes as
well as the two formaldehyde measurements under the elevated temperature conditions (parking mode)].
The temperature resulting from use of the heating radiators inside the test vehicle cabin depends upon the
model of the test vehicle and is influenced by the insulation, the window material, etc.
The analytical part of the overall measurement procedure is based on the use of sorbent tubes with subsequent
thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis for VOCs (according to ISO 16000-6) and the use
of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for the determination of carbonyl compounds (according to
®1)
ISO 16000-3). The sampling of VOCs is referenced to Tenax TA sorbent tubes; however, other equivalent
sorbents may be used if they produce the same results (see ISO 16000-6).
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measure-
ment procedures
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber
The whole vehicle test chamber with the following requirements is assembled as shown in Figure 1. The
following requirements shall be met.
a) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be large enough to accommodate the complete test vehicle.
b) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. A heating
and ventilation system (including the adjustment of the humidity) and, if necessary, a cooling system is
necessary. The sampling point for the background concentrations in the whole test chamber shall be more
than 1 m from the side of the test vehicle and at the height of the lower window frame of the front door.
NOTE An air filter system can be used to keep the whole vehicle test chamber clean.
c) The temperature profile shall be in accordance with Figure 3.
d) Relative humidity (RH) during the ambient mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be 50 % RH ± 10 % RH.
e) Relative humidity RH during the parking and driving mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be documented.
3
f) The maximum background concentration for each analyte shall not exceed 20 µg/m for each single
3
component and 200 µg/m for TVOCs or a maximum of 10 % of the respective measured values (whichever
is greater). If this is not met, the source of the contamination shall be identified and removed or covered to
exclude it from the test.
g) Two duplicate VOCs and two duplicate carbonyl compound background samples (one during ambient
mode and one during driving mode) as well as one duplicate formaldehyde background sample (parking
mode) are required.
The VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges for the VOC and carbonyl compound sampling in the test
vehicle as well as the pumps and the other sampling devices are positioned in the whole vehicle test chamber.
The air exchange rate of the whole vehicle test chamber during the driving mode should be a minimum of
twice per hour.
© ISO 2012 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
h) The heating radiators are fixed above the test vehicle overlapping the footprint of the cabin of the test
2 2
vehicle by 0,5 m to each side with an irradiation density on the roof surface of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m .
i) Optional trolley or table to carry sampling devices (Figure 1, label 2).
j) Various measuring instruments and data recording for continuous recording of signals measured (e.g. for
temperature measurements and humidity measurements (Figure 1, label 3).
k) Door for the entry and exit of the test vehicle (Figure 1, label 1).
l) A hydrocarbon air warning system should be installed (option) to avoid explosive workplace atmospheres;
the workplace regulations shall be followed.
m) A pipe is fixed at the exhaust pipe liner of the test vehicle to remove the waste gas outdoors.
Dimensions in metres
Key
1 door test chamber 4 test vehicle
2 sampling device 5 test area
3 controlling and data-logging device 6 radiator area
Figure 1 — Schematic arrangement of whole vehicle test chamber components and the test vehicle
Care shall be taken to ensure that sampling train components remain at or near ambient temperature and are
protected from the direct effects of the heating radiators of the whole vehicle test chamber.
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle
6.2.1 A new vehicle to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test
data depends on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test car. A detailed specification of the trim
level of the test vehicle shall be included in the test report. Any deviation from that specified for the ideal situation
shall be noted and the effect of any deviation from the test results shall be explained and reported.
6.2.2 The test for a new test vehicle shall be carried out within 28 d ± 5 d after completion of assembly. The
test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions with no direct heating such as in the shadow or
sales rooms which are described in 4.5. All transport foils or transit lacquers shall be removed carefully.
6.2.3 The sensors and cables for the temperature measurements (optional features) are installed
according to Annex B.
6.2.4 The sampling line (with the probe at one end) for the VOC and carbonyl compound measurements is
installed according to Figures 1 and 2. The sampling line is connected with a manifold situated outside the test
vehicle. The manifold is connected to four sampling trains which are used to perform the following consecutive
measurements:
a) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the ambient mode at 23 °C ± 2 °C [(two VOC measurements
(duplicate) and two carbonyl compound measurements (duplicate)],
b) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the parking mode at elevated temperatures [two formaldehyde
measurements (duplicate); only two sampling trains are needed],
c) monitoring of the test vehicle cabin in the driving mode [two VOC measurements (duplicate) and two
carbonyl compound measurements (duplicate)].
The sampling line should be flushed with acetone and dried before each new sampling series with the next test
vehicle to avoid contaminations in the sampling line and to avoid memory effects.
6.2.5 The sampling probe of the sampling trains shall be positioned in the breathing zone of the driver (50 cm
fr
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 12219-1
Première édition
2012-07-15
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1:
Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule
complet — Spécification et méthode de
détermination des composés organiques
volatils dans les habitacles d’automobiles
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
Numéro de référence
ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
©
ISO 2012
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2012
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord écrit
de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 2
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Appareillage et matériel . 3
5 Principe . 5
6 Exigences relatives à l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet, au véhicule d’essai et aux
modes opératoires de mesure . 6
6.1 Exigences relatives à l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet . 6
6.2 Exigences relatives au véhicule d’essai . 7
6.3 Exigences relatives aux méthodes d’échantillonnage et de mesurage des COV et des
composés carbonylés dans l’air . 8
6.4 Mesurages à blanc . 9
7 Mode opératoire d’essai normalisé .10
7.1 Généralités .10
7.2 Agencements préalables et préconditionnement de l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet et
du véhicule, et production des blancs de terrain .10
7.3 Description détaillée du mode opératoire d’essai . 11
8 Calculs, présentation des résultats, fidélité et incertitude .13
9 Caractéristiques de performance .13
10 Assurance qualité/contrôle qualité .13
Annexe A (informative) Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet .15
Annexe B (informative) Points de mesure de la température en mode stationnement .16
Annexe C (informative) Rapport d’essai .17
Annexe D (informative) Composés organiques très volatils, composés organiques volatils et composés
organiques semi-volatils .22
Annexe E (normative) Vue d’ensemble relative à la quantité d’échantillons à prélever .23
Bibliographie .24
© ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres votants.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO 12219-1 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 146, Qualité de l’air, sous-comité SC 6, Air
intérieur, en collaboration avec le comité technique ISO/TC 22, Véhicules routiers.
L’ISO 12219 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Air intérieur des véhicules routiers:
— Partie 1: Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et méthode de détermination des
composés organiques volatils dans les habitacles automobiles
— Partie 2: Méthode de criblage pour la détermination des émissions de composés organiques volatils des
parties et matériaux intérieurs des véhicules — Méthode du sac
— Partie 3: Méthode de criblage pour la détermination des émissions de composés organiques volatils des
parties et matériaux intérieurs des véhicules — Méthode de la micro-chambre
— Partie 4: Méthode de criblage pour la détermination des émissions de composés organiques volatils des
parties et matériaux intérieurs des véhicules — Méthode de la petite chambre
La partie suivante est en cours d’élaboration:
— Partie 5: Méthode de criblage pour la détermination des émissions de composés organiques volatils des
parties et matériaux intérieurs des véhicules — Méthode de la chambre statique
iv © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
Introduction
Les composés organiques volatils (COV) sont largement utilisés dans l’industrie et peuvent être émis par de
nombreux produits et matériaux d’usage courant. Ils ont attiré l’attention ces dernières années en raison de
leur impact sur la qualité de l’air intérieur. Outre leur domicile et leur lieu de travail, les gens passent une grande
partie de leur temps dans leur véhicule. Il est important de déterminer les émissions des matériaux des parties
intérieures et de les réduire à un niveau acceptable, le cas échéant. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d’obtenir
des informations complètes et fiables sur les types de composés organiques contenus dans l’air intérieur des
véhicules ainsi que sur leurs concentrations.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12219 décrit une méthode de détermination des types et de mesure des niveaux de
COV dans l’air de l’habitacle d’un véhicule dans des conditions contrôlées. Elle décrit les exigences relatives à
l’enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet et un protocole d’essai. Les mesurages sont réalisés conformément
à l’ISO 16000-6 (COV) et à l’ISO 16000-3 (composés carbonylés).
Plusieurs méthodes d’essai nationales sont disponibles pour mesurer la qualité de l’air dans un véhicule, par
exemple les Références [2] et [3]. Cependant, dans la présente partie de l’ISO 12219, un système de chauffage
par rayonnement fixe est nécessaire alors que les méthodes décrites dans les Références [2] et [3] définissent
un programme de température fixe.
Avant de déterminer une densité de rayonnement fixe pour le chauffage du véhicule d’essai, plusieurs
mesurages de validation ont été réalisés (Référence [1]).
[6] [7] [8] [9]
L’ISO 16000-3, l’ISO 16000-5 , l’ISO 16000-6, l’ISO 16000-9 , l’ISO 16000-10 , l’ISO 16000-11 ,
[10] [11] [12]
l’ISO 16000-24 , l’ISO 16000-25 ainsi que l’ISO 16017-1 et l’ISO 16017-2 traitent également des
mesurages des composés organiques volatils (COV).
© ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1:
Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et
méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils
dans les habitacles d’automobiles
AVERTISSEMENT — Il incombe à l’utilisateur de la présente partie de l’ISO 12219 d’établir, avant
de l’utiliser, des pratiques d’hygiène et de sécurité et de déterminer l’applicabilité des restrictions
réglementaires. Les réglementations nationales en matière de prévention doivent être respectées.
1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de l’ISO 12219 décrit et spécifie l’enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet, le montage
pour l’échantillonnage des vapeurs et les conditions de fonctionnement utilisés pour la détermination des
composés organiques volatils (COV) et des composés carbonylés dans l’air d’un habitacle de véhicule. Trois
mesurages sont réalisés: le premier (pour les COV et les composés carbonylés) pendant la simulation de
conditions ambiantes (mode ambiant) dans des conditions normalisées à 23 °C sans renouvellement de l’air, le
deuxième uniquement pour le mesurage du formaldéhyde à des températures élevées (mode stationnement),
et le troisième pour les COV et les composés carbonylés dans des conditions simulées de conduite après une
période de stationnement du véhicule au soleil, débutant à des températures élevées (mode conduite). Pour
la simulation du rayonnement solaire moyen, un rayonnement déterminé est employé dans l’enceinte d’essai
pour véhicule complet.
La méthode relative aux COV est valable pour le mesurage des COV non polaires et légèrement polaires
dans une plage de concentration allant d’une concentration inférieure au microgramme par mètre cube jusqu’à
une concentration de plusieurs milligrammes par mètre cube. En appliquant les principes énoncés dans
cette méthode, certains composés organiques semi-volatils (COSV) peuvent également être analysés. Les
® 1)
composés compatibles sont ceux qui peuvent être retenus et libérés par les tubes à adsorption Tenax TA
décrits dans l’ISO 16000-6; ils comprennent les COV dont la volatilité est comprise entre n-C et n-C .
6 16
Le mode opératoire d’échantillonnage et d’analyse relatif au formaldéhyde et à d’autres composés carbonylés
consiste à collecter de l’air sur des cartouches imprégnées de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine (DNPH), puis à
l’analyser par chromatographie liquide à haute performance (CLHP) avec détection par absorption dans
l’ultraviolet. Le formaldéhyde et d’autres composés carbonylés peuvent être mesurés dans la plage de
3 3
concentration allant d’environ 1 µg/m à 1 mg/m .
La méthode est valable pour les véhicules particuliers, tels que définis dans l’ISO 3833.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12219 décrit:
a) le transport et le stockage des véhicules d’essai jusqu’au début de l’essai;
b) le conditionnement de l’environnement du véhicule d’essai et du véhicule d’essai lui-même ainsi que de
l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet;
c) le conditionnement du véhicule d’essai avant les mesurages;
d) la simulation des conditions d’air ambiant (mode ambiant);
®
1) Tenax TA est l’appellation commerciale d’un produit fourni par Buchem. Cette information est donnée à l’intention des
utilisateurs du présent document et ne signifie nullement que l’ISO approuve ou recommande l’emploi exclusif du produit
ainsi désigné. Des produits équivalents peuvent être utilisés s’il est démontré qu’ils conduisent aux mêmes résultats.
© ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
e) l’échantillonnage du formaldéhyde à des températures élevées (mode stationnement);
f) la simulation de la conduite après une période de stationnement du véhicule d’essai au soleil (mode conduite).
Les autocars, les camping-cars et les camions conformes aux descriptions données dans l’ISO 3833 sont exclus.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l’application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 3833:1977, Véhicules routiers — Types — Dénominations et définitions
ISO 9060, Énergie solaire — Spécification et classification des instruments de mesurage du rayonnement
solaire hémisphérique et direct
ISO 16000-3, Air intérieur — Partie 3: Dosage du formaldéhyde et d’autres composés carbonylés dans l’air
intérieur et dans l’air des chambres d’essai — Méthode par échantillonnage actif
ISO 16000-6:2011, Air intérieur — Partie 6: Dosage des composés organiques volatils dans l’air intérieur
®
des locaux et chambres d’essai par échantillonnage actif sur le sorbant Tenax TA, désorption thermique et
chromatographie en phase gazeuse utilisant MS ou MS-FID
ISO 16017-1, Air intérieur, air ambiant et air des lieux de travail — Échantillonnage et analyse des composés
organiques volatils par tube à adsorption/désorption thermique/chromatographie en phase gazeuse sur
capillaire — Partie 1: Échantillonnage par pompage
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 16000-3, l’ISO 16000-6
ainsi que les suivants s’appliquent.
3.1
concentration de fond
concentration d’analyte dans l’enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet lorsque le véhicule d’essai se trouve
à l’intérieur
3.2
véhicule d’essai
véhicule neuf ou d’occasion à soumettre à essai
NOTE 1 Le véhicule d’essai peut être tout type de véhicule spécifié dans l’ISO 3833:1977, 3.1.1 uniquement.
NOTE 2 Voir également 4.5.
3.3
composés organiques volatils totaux
COVT
®1)
somme des composés organiques volatils, échantillonnés sur une cartouche de Tenax TA dont l’élution
se produit entre le n-hexane et le n-hexadécane inclus, détectée par ionisation de flamme (COVT ) ou par
DIF
spectrométrie de masse (COVT ) et quantifiée par la conversion de la surface totale du chromatogramme
SM
dans cette fenêtre analytique en équivalents toluène
NOTE Adapté de l’ISO 16000-6:2011, 3.4.
3.4
composé carbonylé
composé renfermant le groupe fonctionnel –C(=O)– déterminé conformément à un mode opératoire spécifié
NOTE Pour les besoins de la présente partie de l’ISO 12219, le mode opératoire est celui spécifié dans l’ISO 16000-3.
2 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
3.5
mode ambiant
mode pendant lequel est réalisé l’échantillonnage des COV et des composés carbonylés dans l’habitacle d’un
véhicule d’essai dans des conditions normalisées de température ambiante, définies par une température de 23 °C
NOTE Moteur arrêté, lampes de chauffage arrêtées et durée d’échantillonnage de 30 min.
3.6
mode stationnement
mode pendant lequel est réalisé l’échantillonnage du formaldéhyde dans l’habitacle d’un véhicule d’essai dans
des conditions normalisées de températures élevées
NOTE Durée d’échantillonnage de 30 min.
3.7
mode conduite
mode pendant lequel est réalisé l’échantillonnage des COV et des composés carbonylés dans l’habitacle d’un
véhicule d’essai dans des conditions normalisées débutant à des températures élevées, afin de simuler un
véhicule conduit après une période de stationnement au soleil
NOTE Durée d’échantillonnage de 30 min.
3.8
ligne d’échantillonnage
appareillage permettant de prélever l’échantillon de gaz à l’intérieur de l’habitacle du véhicule d’essai (intérieur)
et dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet, en retenant les COV et les composés carbonylés sur des
tubes à adsorption dans des conditions normalisées
NOTE Voir l’ISO 16000-3 pour le formaldéhyde et l’ISO 16000-6 pour les COV.
4 Appareillage et matériel
4.1 Généralités. L’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet est suffisamment grande pour loger entièrement le
véhicule d’essai. Un système de conditionnement d’air est installé pour établir des conditions d’air normalisées
pour une température de 23 °C ± 2 °C et une humidité relative (HR) de 50 % ± 10 %. Un système de lampes
de chauffage solaires est installé pour chauffer l’habitacle du véhicule d’essai avec un rayonnement déterminé.
La température ainsi obtenue à l’intérieur de l’habitacle dépend de l’isolation et des vitrages (les exigences
minimales sont spécifiées en 6.1) (voir également Figure 1).
4.2 Lampe de chauffage. Lampe de chauffage infrarouge, lampe de chauffage à halogène ou autres lampes
de chauffage (simulant la lumière du soleil) (les longueurs d’ondes < 300 nm doivent être éliminées par filtrage).
Les lampes de chauffage utilisées doivent être alimentées de manière à produire une densité de rayonnement
2 2 2 2
de 350 W/m à 450 W/m (400 W/m ± 50 W/m ) au point de mesure de référence au centre de la surface du
toit du véhicule d’essai.
La surface de chauffage doit couvrir au minimum la surface de l’habitacle du véhicule d’essai et 0,5 m
supplémentaires de chaque côté de la partie inférieure du vitrage (empreinte au sol) (voir Figure 1). Positionner
les lampes de chauffage sur le toit avec un angle de rayonnement de 90° par rapport à la surface de chauffage.
Aucune lampe de chauffage ne doit être installée sur les côtés. La surface de chauffage doit être étalonnée en
2 2
carrés de 25 cm × 25 cm avec une densité de rayonnement de 400 W/m ± 50 W/ m . La densité de rayonnement
requise doit être disponible dès que les lampes sont allumées (dans un délai de quelques minutes).
Le rayonnement doit être mesuré conformément à l’ISO 9060.
Veiller à ce que la distance entre les lampes de chauffage et la surface du toit du véhicule ne soit pas trop
courte afin d’éviter les points chauds.
© ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
4.3 Lignes d’échantillonnage.
4.3.1 Échantillonnage dans le véhicule d’essai. Quatre lignes d’échantillonnage sont employées: deux pour
les prélèvements des COV en parallèle et deux pour les prélèvements des composés carbonylés en parallèle
dans le véhicule d’essai (afin de vérifier la répétabilité) (voir l’ISO 16000-3 pour les composés carbonylés et
l’ISO 16000-6 ou l’ISO 16017-1 pour les COV). Une ligne d’échantillonnage est équipée d’un répartiteur afin
de diviser le débit de prélèvement en dehors du véhicule d’essai (voir 4.3.3). Elle comprend la sonde (point de
prélèvement), le conduit d’échantillonnage (chauffé, si nécessaire), le tube à adsorption pour l’échantillonnage
des COV ou la cartouche de DNPH pour l’échantillonnage des composés carbonylés, les débitmètres et les
pompes (voir 4.5).
Toutes les lignes d’échantillonnage doivent faire l’objet d’un contrôle de l’étanchéité et doivent avoir un taux de
décroissance du vide maximal de 30 kPa pour une moyenne de 10 s. Pour le contrôle de l’étanchéité, la buse
doit être obturée. D’autres contrôles d’étanchéité équivalents peuvent être effectués.
4.3.2 Échantillonnage dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet. Quatre lignes d’échantillonnage
sont utilisées pour déterminer la concentration de fond dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet. Les lignes
d’échantillonnage sont identiques à celles décrites en 4.3.1, sauf en ce qui concerne le conduit d’échantillonnage
qui est beaucoup plus court et n’est pas chauffé.
Toutes les lignes d’échantillonnage doivent avoir un taux de décroissance du vide maximal de 30 kPa pour une
moyenne de 10 s. Pour le contrôle de l’étanchéité, la buse doit être obturée. D’autres contrôles d’étanchéité
équivalents peuvent être effectués.
4.3.3 Conduit d’échantillonnage. Tuyau reliant le point de prélèvement (sonde) à l’intérieur du véhicule
d’essai, aux tubes à adsorption pour COV ou aux cartouches de DNPH, respectivement, par l’intermédiaire du
répartiteur installé à l’extérieur du véhicule d’essai (voir Figure 1).
Le conduit d’échantillonnage doit être construit de manière à
a) être aussi court que possible (5 m au maximum), d’un diamètre intérieur supérieur ou égal à 4 mm;
b) être en matériau inerte, non émissif, non absorbant/non adsorbant, [par exemple en acier inoxydable ou
en polytétrafluoréthylène (PTFE) ou en verre/quartz (désactivé)];
c) démontrer l’absence de contaminations ou d’effets de puits dans le conduit d’échantillonnage;
d) être équipé d’un dispositif de chauffage, si nécessaire, pour empêcher la condensation/le dépôt sur
les parois intérieures (pratique recommandée: température régulée à environ 20 °C au-dessus de la
température de l’air à l’intérieur du véhicule d’essai).
Il convient d’insérer le tuyau entre la porte et son encadrement ou entre l’encadrement de la porte et le vitrage,
et il convient que le tuyau présente des caractéristiques d’incompressibilité suffisantes pour ne pas entraver
l’écoulement de l’air.
Le deuxième conduit d’échantillonnage [tuyau reliant le point de prélèvement (sonde) dans l’enceinte d’essai
pour véhicule complet, à proximité du véhicule d’essai [voir 6.1, b)], aux tubes à adsorption pour COV ou aux
cartouches de DNPH respectivement par l’intermédiaire du répartiteur] est identique à celui décrit ci-dessus,
excepté qu’aucun chauffage n’est nécessaire. Ce deuxième conduit d’échantillonnage est nécessaire pour
surveiller la concentration de fond en analyte dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet.
4.4 Équipement et matériel d’analyse. L’équipement d’analyse utilisé pour la détermination des COV et
des composés carbonylés ou du formaldéhyde seul doit être conforme à l’ISO 16000-6 (pour les COV) ou à
l’ISO 16000-3 (pour les composés carbonylés).
L’absence de claquage des tubes à adsorption pour COV et des cartouches de DNPH doit être démontrée, ce
qui peut être identifié au moyen d’un tube à adsorption secondaire analysé séparément (voir l’ISO 16017-1).
4 © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
4.5 Véhicule d’essai. Tout véhicule neuf (c’est-à-dire n’ayant pas roulé plus de 50 km au cours des
28 jours ± 5 jours après fabrication du véhicule d’essai) à soumettre à essai doit avoir été fabriqué selon
le procédé de production normal. Les données d’essai dépendent du niveau d’équipement et de la couleur
extérieure du véhicule d’essai choisi. La couleur des véhicules d’essai employés pour déterminer les émissions
officielles de COV et de composés carbonylés est le noir. Si aucun véhicule d’essai noir n’est disponible, la
couleur la plus sombre doit être utilisée.
Tous les stores de vitrage manuels doivent rester ouverts.
Le véhicule d’essai doit être stocké et transporté dans des conditions le protégeant du chauffage solaire direct;
sinon, le véhicule doit être conditionné pendant toute une nuit après son arrivée, portes et fenêtres ouvertes,
avant de le transférer dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet. Ce conditionnement doit être réalisé si des
véhicules d’occasion sont soumis à essai. Il convient de ne pas utiliser de cire de protection pour le transport.
Tous les films ou vernis de transport doivent être soigneusement éliminés avant l’essai. Le véhicule d’essai ne
doit pas être nettoyé (intérieur) dans les 24 h qui précèdent le début du mesurage.
La méthode spécifiée dans la présente partie de l’ISO 12219 peut également être utilisée pour un véhicule
d’occasion. Dans ce cas, les résultats du mesurage peuvent être différents de ceux obtenus avec un véhicule
d’essai neuf, en raison des diverses manipulations subies.
5 Principe
Une enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet (voir Annexe A) réservée à cet effet est assemblée. L’air dans
l’habitacle du véhicule d’essai est mesuré conformément à un programme normalisé uniforme (voir Figure 1).
Un échantillonnage des COV et des composés carbonylés est réalisé à 23 °C pour le mode ambiant. Puis,
la concentration en formaldéhyde est mesurée seule, dans des conditions de températures élevées en mode
stationnement (voir Figure 3). L’ensoleillement est simulé par le rayonnement énergétique fixe de lampes de
chauffage produisant un rayonnement solaire moyen pendant 4,5 h, après quoi un troisième échantillon est
alors prélevé en mode conduite.
L’humidité et la température de l’air à l’intérieur de l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet sont mesurées.
Les échantillons de vapeurs de COV et de composés carbonylés sont prélevés dans la zone respiratoire du
conducteur et recueillis sur des tubes à adsorption pour COV et des cartouches DNPH. Les échantillons doivent
ensuite être analysés en laboratoire conformément à l’ISO 16000-6 ou à l’ISO 16000-3 respectivement.
Par ailleurs, des échantillons de vapeurs de COV et de composés carbonylés sont prélevés dans l’enceinte
d’essai pour véhicule complet afin de déterminer les concentrations de fond. Un ensemble de huit échantillons
de COV et de 12 échantillons de composés carbonylés, au total, sont nécessaires [deux échantillonnages en
double à température ambiante (mode ambiant) et deux échantillonnages en double à température élevée (mode
conduite), et les mêmes échantillons de fond en double dans l’enceinte d’essai pour chacun des modes ainsi
que les deux mesurages du formaldéhyde dans des conditions de température élevée (mode stationnement)].
La température générée, à l’intérieur de l’habitacle du véhicule d’essai, par les lampes de chauffage dépend du
modèle du véhicule d’essai et est influencée par l’isolation, le matériau des vitres, etc.
La partie analytique du mode opératoire global de mesure est basée sur l’utilisation de tubes à adsorption
suivie d’une désorption thermique et d’une analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse pour les COV
(conformément à l’ISO 16000-6) et sur l’utilisation de cartouches de 2,4-dinitrophénylhydrazine (DNPH) pour
la détermination des composés carbonylés (conformément à l’ISO 16000-3). L’échantillonnage des COV est
®1)
décrit en référence à des tubes à adsorption Tenax TA ; toutefois, d’autres adsorbants équivalents donnant
les mêmes résultats peuvent être utilisés (voir l’ISO 16000-6).
© ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 12219-1:2012(F)
6 Exigences relatives à l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet, au véhicule
d’essai et aux modes opératoires de mesure
6.1 Exigences relatives à l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet
Une enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet satisfaisant aux exigences suivantes est assemblée comme illustré
à la Figure 1. Les exigences suivantes doivent être satisfaites.
a) L’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet doit être suffisamment grande pour loger le véhicule d’essai complet.
b) L’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet doit être capable de maintenir une température de 23 °C ± 2 °C.
Un système de chauffage et de ventilation (permettant aussi de réguler l’humidité) est nécessaire, ainsi
qu’un système de refroidissement le cas échéant. Le point de prélèvement pour les concentrations de fond
dans l’enceinte d’essai doit être à plus de 1 m d’un côté du véhicule d’essai et à une hauteur correspondant
à la partie inférieure de l’encadrement de vitre de la portière avant.
NOTE Un système de filtration de l’air peut être utilisé pour maintenir un air propre dans l’enceinte d’essai pour
véhicule complet.
c) La courbe de température doit être conforme à la Figure 3.
d) L’humidité relative (HR) dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet, en mode ambiant, doit être de 50 % ± 10 %.
e) La documentation correspondant à l’humidité relative (HR) dans l’enceinte d’essai pour véhicule complet,
en modes stationnement et
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
01-januar-2013
1RWUDQML]UDNYFHVWQLKYR]LOLKGHO 3UHVNXVFHORWQHJDYR]LOD6SHFLILNDFLMDLQ
SUHVNXVQDPHWRGD]DGRORþHYDQMHKODSQLKRUJDQVNLKVSRMLQYQRWUDQMRVWLYR]LOD
Interior air of road vehicles - Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber - Specification and
method for the determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers - Partie 1: Enceinte d'essai pour un véhicule complet -
Spécification et méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d'automobiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12219-1:2012
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
43.020 Cestna vozila na splošno Road vehicles in general
oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12219-1
First edition
2012-07-15
Interior air of road vehicles —
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber —
Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
Air intérieur des véhicules routiers —
Partie 1: Enceinte d’essai pour un véhicule complet — Spécification et
méthode de détermination des composés organiques volatils dans les
habitacles d’automobiles
Reference number
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Apparatus and materials . 3
5 Principle . 4
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measurement procedures . 5
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber . 5
6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle . 7
6.3 Requirements for VOC and carbonyl compound air sampling and measurement methods . 7
6.4 Blank measurements . 8
7 Standard test procedure . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Pre-arrangements and preconditioning of the whole vehicle test chamber and the vehicle and
performing the field blanks . 9
7.3 Detailed description of the test procedure .10
8 Calculation, presentation of results, and precision and uncertainty .12
9 Performance characteristics .12
10 Quality assurance/quality control .12
Annex A (informative) Whole vehicle test chamber .13
Annex B (informative) Temperature measuring points for parking mode .14
Annex C (informative) Test report .15
Annex D (informative) Very volatile organic compounds, volatile organic compounds, and semi-volatile
organic compounds .20
Annex E (normative) Overview of the number of samples to be taken .21
Bibliography .22
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ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12219-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Indoor air, in
collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.
ISO 12219 consists of the following parts, under the general title Interior air of road vehicles:
— Part 1: Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the determination of volatile organic
compounds in cabin interiors
— Part 2: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Bag method
— Part 3 Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicle
interior parts and materials — Micro-scale chamber method
— Part 4: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Small chamber method
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 5: Screening method for the determination of the emissions of volatile organic compounds from
vehicle interior parts and materials — Static chamber method
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Introduction
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely used in industry and can be emitted by many everyday products
and materials. They have attracted attention in recent years because of their impact on indoor air quality. After
homes and workplaces, people spend a lot of time in their vehicles. It is important to determine the material
emissions of interior parts and to reduce them to an acceptable level, if required. Therefore it is necessary
to obtain comprehensive and reliable information about the types of organic compounds in the interior air of
vehicles and also their concentrations.
This part of ISO 12219 outlines a method of measuring the types and levels of VOCs in vehicle cabin air
under controlled conditions. It describes requirements for a whole vehicle test chamber and a test protocol.
Measurements are carried out according to ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) and ISO 16000-3 (carbonyl compounds).
There are several national test methods available for measuring in-vehicle air quality, e.g. References [2][3].
However, this part of ISO 12219 requires a fixed heating radiation system whereas the methods of References
[2][3] define a fixed temperature programme.
Before setting a fixed radiation density for heating the test vehicle, several validation measurements were
performed (Reference [1]).
[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-5, ISO 16000-6, ISO 16000-9, ISO 16000-10, ISO 16000-11, ISO 16000-24,
[11] [12]
ISO 16000-25, as well as ISO 16017-1 and ISO 16017-2 also focus on volatile organic compound (VOC)
measurements.
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12219-1:2012(E)
Interior air of road vehicles
Part 1:
Whole vehicle test chamber — Specification and method for the
determination of volatile organic compounds in cabin interiors
WARNING — It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 12219 to establish appropriate safety
and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. National
regulations for precautions shall be followed.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12219 describes and specifies the whole vehicle test chamber, the vapour sampling assembly
and the operating conditions for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyl
compounds in vehicle cabin air. There are three measurements performed: one (for VOCs and carbonyl
compounds) during the simulation of ambient conditions (ambient mode) at standard conditions of 23 °C
with no air exchange; a second only for the measurement of formaldehyde at elevated temperatures (parking
mode); and a third for VOCs and carbonyl compounds simulating driving after the vehicle has been parked in
the sun starting at elevated temperatures (driving mode). For the simulation of the mean sun irradiation, a fixed
irradiation in the whole vehicle test chamber is employed.
The VOC method is valid for measurement of non-polar and slightly polar VOCs in a concentration range of
sub-micrograms per cubic metre up to several milligrams per cubic metre. Using the principles described in
this method, some semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) can also be analysed. Compatible compounds
®1)
are those which can be trapped and released from the Tenax TA sorbent tubes described in ISO 16000-6,
which includes VOCs ranging in volatility from n-C to n-C .
6 16
The sampling and analysis procedure for formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds is performed by
collecting air on to cartridges coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and subsequent analysis by high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection by ultraviolet absorption. Formaldehyde and other
3 3
carbonyl compounds can be determined in the approximate concentration range 1 µg/m to 1 mg/m .
The method is valid for passenger cars, as defined in ISO 3833.
This part of ISO 12219 describes:
a) transport and storage of the test vehicles until the start of the test;
b) conditioning for the surroundings of the test vehicle and the test vehicle itself as well as the whole vehicle
test chamber;
c) conditioning of the test vehicle prior to measurements;
d) simulation of ambient air conditions (ambient mode);
e) formaldehyde sampling at elevated temperatures (parking mode);
f) simulation of driving after the test vehicle has been parked in the sun (driving mode).
Buses, motor caravans, and trucks, in accordance with the descriptions given in ISO 3833, are excluded.
®
1) Tenax TA is the trade name of a product supplied by Buchem. This information is given for the convenience of
users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be
used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.
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2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3833:1977, Road vehicles — Types — Terms and definitions
ISO 9060, Solar energy — Specification and classification of instruments for measuring hemispherical solar
and direct solar radiation
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor air
and test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6:2011, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of volatile organic compounds in indoor and test chamber
®
air by active sampling on Tenax TA sorbent, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS–FID
ISO 16017-1, Indoor, ambient and workplace air — Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by
sorbent tube/thermal desorption/capillary gas chromatography — Part 1: Pumped sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 16000-3, ISO 16000-6 and the following apply.
3.1
background concentration
analyte concentration in the whole-vehicle test chamber when the test vehicle is inside
3.2
test vehicle
new or used vehicle to be tested
NOTE 1 The test vehicle can be of any type specified in ISO 3833:1977, 3.1.1, only.
NOTE 2 See also 4.5.
3.3
total volatile organic compounds
TVOCs
®1)
sum of volatile organic compounds sampled on Tenax TA and eluting between and including n-hexane and
n-hexadecane, detected with a flame ionization detector (TVOC ) or mass spectrometric detector (TVOC )
FID MS
and quantified converting the total area of the chromatogram in that analytical window to toluene equivalents
NOTE Adapted from ISO 16000-6:2011, 3.4.
3.4
carbonyl compound
compound containing the functional group –C(=O)– determined according to a specified procedure
NOTE For the purposes of this part of ISO 12219, the procedure is that specified in ISO 16000-3.
3.5
ambient mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
ambient temperature conditions is performed, defined by 23 °C
NOTE Engine off, radiators off, sampling time 30 min.
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3.6
parking mode
mode in which sampling of formaldehyde in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized elevated
temperatures is performed
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.7
driving mode
mode in which sampling of VOCs and carbonyl compounds in the cabin of a test vehicle under standardized
conditions starting at elevated temperatures is performed, simulating a vehicle driven after being parked in the sun
NOTE Sampling time 30 min.
3.8
sampling train
apparatus to collect the sample gas inside the test vehicle cabin (indoor) and in the whole vehicle test chamber,
trapping the VOCs and carbonyl compounds in sorbent tubes under standardized conditions
NOTE See ISO 16000-3 for formaldehyde and ISO 16000-6 for VOCs.
4 Apparatus and materials
4.1 General. The whole vehicle test chamber is big enough to house the test vehicle completely. An air-
conditioning system is installed to allow standardized air conditions for a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C, humidity of
50 % RH ± 10 % RH. A solar radiator system is installed to heat the test vehicle cabin with a fixed irradiation. The
resulting temperature inside the cabin depends on the insulation and the window glass material (the minimum
requirements are specified in 6.1) (see also Figure 1).
4.2 Heating radiator. Infrared radiator, halogen radiator or other radiators (simulating sunlight) (wavelengths
<300 nm shall be filtered out). The heating radiators used shall be powered to create a radiation density at the
2 2
reference measurement point in the middle of the roof surface of the test vehicle of 350 W/m to 450 W/m
2 2
(400 W/m ± 50 W/m ).
The heating area shall cover at least the area of the test vehicle cabin and an additional 0,5 m more to each
side of the lower part of the glazing (footprint) (see Figure 1). Position the heating radiators on the roof with a
shining angle of 90° to the heating area. There shall be no heating radiators shining from the side. The heating
2 2
area shall be calibrated in squares of 25 cm × 25 cm with a radiation density of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m . The
required radiation density shall be available directly after the lamps are switched on (within a few minutes).
The irradiation shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9060.
Take care not to have too short a distance between radiator and surface in order to avoid hot spots.
4.3 Sampling trains.
4.3.1 Sampling in the test vehicle. Four sampling trains are employed: two for the VOC measurements
in parallel and two for the carbonyl compound measurements in parallel in the test vehicle (to check the
repeatability) (see ISO 16000-3 for carbonyl compounds and ISO 16000-6 or ISO 16017-1 for VOCs). There
is one sampling line with a manifold for the division of the sampling flow outside the test vehicle (see 4.3.3). It
consists of the probe, the sampling line (heated, if necessary), the sorbent tube for VOC or the DNPH cartridge
for carbonyl compound sampling respectively, the gas meters and the pumps (see 4.5).
All sampling trains shall be checked for leaks and shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average
time of 10 s. For the leak check, the nozzle shall be plugged. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
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4.3.2 Sampling in the whole vehicle test chamber. Four sampling trains are used to determine the
background concentration in the whole vehicle test chamber. The sampling trains are identical to those of 4.3.1,
apart from the sampling line, which is much shorter and not heated.
All sampling trains shall have a maximum vacuum decay rate of 30 kPa for an average of 10 s. The nozzle is
plugged for the leak check. Other equivalent leak checks can be employed.
4.3.3 Sampling line. Tubing, between the sampling point (probe) inside the test vehicle, via the manifold
outside the test vehicle to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges respectively (see Figure 1).
The sampling line shall be constructed so as to be
a) as short as possible (maximum 5 m) with an internal diameter of 4 mm or more;
b) of inert, non-emitting and non-absorbing/non-adsorbing material [e.g. stainless steel or
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or glass/quartz (deactivated)];
c) proven that there are no contaminations or sink effects in the sampling line;
d) with heating device, if necessary, to prevent condensation/deposition on the inner walls (best practice:
temperature controlled to about 20 °C above air temperature inside the test vehicle).
The tubing should be inserted between the door and the door frame or between the door frame and the glazing
and should be sufficiently non-compressible to ensure an unimpeded flow of air.
The second sampling line [tubing, between the sampling point (probe) in the whole vehicle test chamber in
the vicinity of the test vehicle [see 6.1 b)] and the manifold and to the VOC sorbent tubes or DNPH cartridges,
respectively] is identical to that described in the preceding, but no heating is necessary. This second sampling
line is needed to monitor the background analyte concentration of the whole vehicle test chamber.
4.4 Analytical equipment and materials. The analytical equipment used for the determination of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds or formaldeyde alone shall be in accordance with ISO 16000-6 (VOCs) or ISO 16000-3
(carbonyl compounds), respectively.
It shall be proven for the VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges that there is no breakthrough. This can
be identified by a back-up sorbent tube which is analysed separately (see ISO 16017-1).
4.5 Test vehicle. A new vehicle (i.e. one not driven more than 50 km and within 28 d ± 5 d after the completion
of manufacture) to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test data are
dependent on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test vehicle. The colour of the test vehicles for
the determination of the official VOC and carbonyl compound emissions is black. If there is no black test vehicle
available, take the darkest colour.
All manual glazing shades shall remain open.
The test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions preventing direct solar heating, otherwise
the vehicle shall be conditioned after arrival overnight with open doors and windows before it is transferred into
the whole vehicle test chamber. This conditioning shall be undertaken if used vehicles are tested. No transport
waxes for protection should be used. All transport foils or transit lacquers shall be removed carefully before the
test. The test vehicle shall not be cleaned (inside) for at least 24 h before starting the measurements.
The method specified in this part of ISO 12219 can also be employed for used vehicles. In this case, it is possible
that the measurement results are not identical to those obtained on a new test vehicle due to different usage.
5 Principle
A whole vehicle test chamber (see Annex A) reserved for this purpose is assembled. The air in the test vehicle
cabin is measured according to a uniform standardized programme (see Figure 1). Sampling of VOCs and
carbonyl compounds is performed for the ambient mode at 23 °C. Subsequently, formaldehyde is determined
alone under elevated temperature conditions in the parking mode (see Figure 3). Sunshine is simulated by the
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use of heating radiators providing a mean fixed irradiation for 4,5 h, after which a third sample is taken in the
driving mode.
The humidity and temperature of the air inside the whole vehicle test chamber are measured. The VOC and
carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the driver breathing zone and collected on VOC sorbent
tubes and DNPH cartridges. Later the samples shall be analysed in the laboratory according to ISO 16000-6
or ISO 16000-3, respectively.
Furthermore VOC and carbonyl compound vapour samples are taken in the whole vehicle test chamber to determine
the background concentrations. Altogether a total of eight VOC and 12 carbonyl compound samples are required
[two duplicate room temperature samplings (ambient mode) and two duplicate elevated temperature samplings
(driving mode), and the same duplicate background samples in the whole test chamber in each of the modes as
well as the two formaldehyde measurements under the elevated temperature conditions (parking mode)].
The temperature resulting from use of the heating radiators inside the test vehicle cabin depends upon the
model of the test vehicle and is influenced by the insulation, the window material, etc.
The analytical part of the overall measurement procedure is based on the use of sorbent tubes with subsequent
thermal desorption and gas chromatographic analysis for VOCs (according to ISO 16000-6) and the use
of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges for the determination of carbonyl compounds (according to
®1)
ISO 16000-3). The sampling of VOCs is referenced to Tenax TA sorbent tubes; however, other equivalent
sorbents may be used if they produce the same results (see ISO 16000-6).
6 Requirements of the whole vehicle test chamber, test vehicle and measure-
ment procedures
6.1 Requirements for the whole vehicle test chamber
The whole vehicle test chamber with the following requirements is assembled as shown in Figure 1. The
following requirements shall be met.
a) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be large enough to accommodate the complete test vehicle.
b) The whole vehicle test chamber shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. A heating
and ventilation system (including the adjustment of the humidity) and, if necessary, a cooling system is
necessary. The sampling point for the background concentrations in the whole test chamber shall be more
than 1 m from the side of the test vehicle and at the height of the lower window frame of the front door.
NOTE An air filter system can be used to keep the whole vehicle test chamber clean.
c) The temperature profile shall be in accordance with Figure 3.
d) Relative humidity (RH) during the ambient mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be 50 % RH ± 10 % RH.
e) Relative humidity RH during the parking and driving mode in the whole vehicle test chamber shall be documented.
3
f) The maximum background concentration for each analyte shall not exceed 20 µg/m for each single
3
component and 200 µg/m for TVOCs or a maximum of 10 % of the respective measured values (whichever
is greater). If this is not met, the source of the contamination shall be identified and removed or covered to
exclude it from the test.
g) Two duplicate VOCs and two duplicate carbonyl compound background samples (one during ambient
mode and one during driving mode) as well as one duplicate formaldehyde background sample (parking
mode) are required.
The VOC sorbent tubes and the DNPH cartridges for the VOC and carbonyl compound sampling in the test
vehicle as well as the pumps and the other sampling devices are positioned in the whole vehicle test chamber.
The air exchange rate of the whole vehicle test chamber during the driving mode should be a minimum of
twice per hour.
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oSIST ISO 12219-1:2013
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h) The heating radiators are fixed above the test vehicle overlapping the footprint of the cabin of the test
2 2
vehicle by 0,5 m to each side with an irradiation density on the roof surface of 400 W/m ± 50 W/m .
i) Optional trolley or table to carry sampling devices (Figure 1, label 2).
j) Various measuring instruments and data recording for continuous recording of signals measured (e.g. for
temperature measurements and humidity measurements (Figure 1, label 3).
k) Door for the entry and exit of the test vehicle (Figure 1, label 1).
l) A hydrocarbon air warning system should be installed (option) to avoid explosive workplace atmospheres;
the workplace regulations shall be followed.
m) A pipe is fixed at the exhaust pipe liner of the test vehicle to remove the waste gas outdoors.
Dimensions in metres
Key
1 door test chamber 4 test vehicle
2 sampling device 5 test area
3 controlling and data-logging device 6 radiator area
Figure 1 — Schematic arrangement of whole vehicle test chamber components and the test vehicle
Care shall be taken to ensure that sampling train components remain at or near ambient temperature and are
protected from the direct effects of the heating radiators of the whole vehicle test chamber.
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6.2 Requirements for the test vehicle
6.2.1 A new vehicle to be tested shall have been manufactured by the normal production process. The test
data depends on the trim level and exterior colour of the selected test car. A detailed specification of the trim
level of the test vehicle shall be included in the test report. Any deviation from that specified for the ideal situation
shall be noted and the effect of any deviation from the test results shall be explained and reported.
6.2.2 The test for a new test vehicle shall be carried out within 28 d ± 5 d after completion of assembly. The
test vehicle shall be stored and transported under conditions with no di
...
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