ISO 25577:2008
(Main)Information and documentation — MarcXchange
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
ISO 25577:2008 specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata. ISO 25577:2008 does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags, indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format. ISO 25577:2008 describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format within systems. MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows: for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML; for original resource description in XML syntax; as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard); for exchange of MARC records in XML; for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL); for publisher transmission of data; as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication, editing, validation; for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
L'ISO 25577:2008 spécifie les exigences nécessaires à un format généralisé d'échange de notices bibliographiques aussi bien que d'autres types de métadonnées, fondé sur l'XML. L'ISO 25577:2008 ne définit ni la longueur ni le contenu des notices individuelles et ne confère aucune signification aux étiquettes, indicateurs ou identifiants, ces spécifications constituant les fonctions d'un format de mise en œuvre. L'ISO 25577:2008 décrit une structure généralisée, un cadre conçu au premier chef pour la communication entre systèmes informatiques, mais son utilisation en tant que format de traitement au sein de ces systèmes peut également s'avérer pertinente. MarcXchange peut potentiellement servir à représenter une notice complète MARC ou un jeu de notices MARC en XML, à la description d'une ressource originale en syntaxe XML, de schéma d'extension à METS (Standard d'encodage et de transmission de métadonnées), à l'échange de notices MARC en XML, au transfert de notices MARC via les services en ligne comme le SRW (Search/Retrieve Web service), à la transmission de données à l'éditeur, de format temporaire pour toutes les formes de transformation ou de manipulation de données, par exemple conversion, publication, édition, validation, et de métadonnées en XML pouvant être enveloppées avec une ressource électronique.
Informatika in dokumentacija - Oblika zapisa MarcXchange
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25577
First edition
2008-12-01
Information and documentation —
MarcXchange
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
Reference number
ISO 25577:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Structure of XML schema .4
Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema.6
Annex B (informative) Examples .9
Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange schema.14
Bibliography .15
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Introduction
In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML
environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of
an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record.
MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for
ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented.
This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as
possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML
extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the
terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all
records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the
definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation
techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local
variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the
precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally
recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions
can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations – even if MARC 21 or
UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local
specific schemas, ensuring compatibility.
The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows.
The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC
records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to
Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the
following way in the XML schema:
⎯ the record label is treated as a simple string;
⎯ the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the
directory has to be recalculated;
⎯ the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute;
⎯ data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes;
⎯ subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E)
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for
bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.
It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags,
indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format.
This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for
communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format
within systems.
MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows:
⎯ for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for original resource description in XML syntax;
⎯ as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard);
⎯ for exchange of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL);
⎯ for publisher transmission of data;
⎯ as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication,
editing, validation;
⎯ for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by dedicated software tailored for the
specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2709, Information and documentation — Format for information exchange
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
MAchine-Readable Cataloguing
MARC
family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in
machine-readable form
NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
set of records
NOTE 1 In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "collection".
NOTE 2 The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is
used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent).
3.3
record
collection of fields, including record label, directory and data
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "record". It can occur alone or as a sub-element
of a the "collection" element.
3.4
format
specification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "format", of the "record" element is used to specify the MARC format used
in the particular record.
3.5
type
sub-application of format
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "type", of the "record" element is used to specify the application.
EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record.
3.6
record label
field occurring in an ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "leader", of the "record" element.
3.7
directory
index used in ISO 2709 records
3.8
control field
record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "controlfield", of the "record" element.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
3.9
data field
type of field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "datafield", of the "record" element.
3.10
tag
three characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify it
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "tag", of the "controlfield" element and the "datafield"
element.
3.11
indicator
data element in a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "ind1", …, "ind9", of the "datafield" element.
3.12
subfield
part of a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "subfield", of the "datafield" element.
3.13
subfield identifier
data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, the subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute, named "code",
of the "subfield" element.
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records
4.1 General
The generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to
applications of the schema are listed in Annex C.
The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MARC records, using terminology and element names
consistent with ISO 2709.
ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — ISO 2709 general structure
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
An ISO 2709 record contains the following components:
a) a record label (fixed length);
b) a directory (variable length);
c) a record identifier field (variable length);
d) a number of reference fields (variable length);
e) a number of data fields (variable length);
f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates the directory and each
field;
g) a record separator, i.e. separator IS3 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates each record.
In MarcXchange the element “leader” is used for the ISO 2709 record label. Part of the ISO 2709 record label
(positions 0 to 4 record length and positions 12 to 16 base address of data), contains information, which is
only meaningful for the ISO 2709 record. It is recommended always to recalculate this information when
converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709.
The ISO 2709 directory has no counterpart in MarcXchange. When converting from MarcXchange to
ISO 2709, this component has to be recalculated.
In the MarcXchange schema the element “controlfield” is used for the ISO 2709 record identifier field and
reference field; and the element “datafield” is used for ISO 2709 data field.
This schema is an extension to ISO 2709. It allows the usage of the “datafield” element for all legal ISO 2709
tags, including 001 to 009, 00A to 00Z and 00a to 00z; and two attributes are introduced to specify the content
of a record, i.e. “format” to specify the MARC format and “type” to specify the kind of record.
This schema states that subfield identifiers may consist of 8-bit characters from ISO/IEC 10646, BMP row 00
(Basic Latin and Latin-1 Supplement).
There is one restriction. A special mode (identifier length = 0) of ISO 2709 operates with data fields without
subfields. In the MarcXchange schema subfields are required, i.e. identifier length = 0 is not supported.
4.2 Structure of XML schema
Figure 2 illustrates the structure of the MarcXchange schema. All elements have an optional attribute, named
id, inherited from MARCXML.
The description of elements and attribute are as follows:
⎯ collection: a top level container element for zero or many record elements;
⎯ record: a top level container element for the leader element and all of the controlfield and datafield
elements which comprise the record; the record element has the following attributes:
⎯ format (optional): identifies the MARC format (examples: MARC21, UNIMARC, danMARC2,
Ibermarc);
⎯ type (optional): identifies the type of record (examples: bibliographic, authority, holdings,
classification and community);
⎯ leader: corresponds to ISO 2709 record label, 24 octets;
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
⎯ controlfield: corresponds to ISO 2709 record identifier field (tag 001) and reference fields (tags 002 to
009 and 00A to 00Z); the controlfield element has one attribute:
⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 008);
⎯ datafield: may be used for all fields (tags 001 to 999 and 00A to ZZZ); it contains subfield elements; the
datafield element has the following attributes:
⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 245);
⎯ ind1 to ind9 (optional): contain the indicator values;
⎯ subfield: corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield; the subfield element has one attribute:
⎯ code (required): corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield identifier.
Figure 2 — MarcXchange general structure
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Annex A
(informative)
The generic MarcXchange schema
attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
The schema supports XML markup of MARC records as specified in ISO 2709.
ISO 2709 defines the following general structure
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 25577:2009
01-december-2009
Informatika in dokumentacija - Oblika zapisa MarcXchange
Information and documentation - MarcXchange
Information et documentation - MarcXchange
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 25577:2008
ICS:
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 25577:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 25577
First edition
2008-12-01
Information and documentation —
MarcXchange
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
Reference number
ISO 25577:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3
4.1 General.3
4.2 Structure of XML schema .4
Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema.6
Annex B (informative) Examples .9
Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange schema.14
Bibliography .15
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee
SC 4, Technical interoperability.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
Introduction
In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML
environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of
an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record.
MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for
ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented.
This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as
possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML
extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the
terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all
records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the
definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation
techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local
variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the
precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally
recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions
can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations – even if MARC 21 or
UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local
specific schemas, ensuring compatibility.
The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows.
The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC
records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to
Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the
following way in the XML schema:
⎯ the record label is treated as a simple string;
⎯ the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the
directory has to be recalculated;
⎯ the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute;
⎯ data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes;
⎯ subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute.
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E)
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for
bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata.
It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags,
indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format.
This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for
communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format
within systems.
MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows:
⎯ for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for original resource description in XML syntax;
⎯ as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard);
⎯ for exchange of MARC records in XML;
⎯ for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL);
⎯ for publisher transmission of data;
⎯ as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication,
editing, validation;
⎯ for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource.
Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by dedicated software tailored for the
specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2709, Information and documentation — Format for information exchange
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
MAchine-Readable Cataloguing
MARC
family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in
machine-readable form
NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
set of records
NOTE 1 In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "collection".
NOTE 2 The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is
used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent).
3.3
record
collection of fields, including record label, directory and data
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a root element named "record". It can occur alone or as a sub-element
of a the "collection" element.
3.4
format
specification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "format", of the "record" element is used to specify the MARC format used
in the particular record.
3.5
type
sub-application of format
NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named "type", of the "record" element is used to specify the application.
EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record.
3.6
record label
field occurring in an ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "leader", of the "record" element.
3.7
directory
index used in ISO 2709 records
3.8
control field
record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "controlfield", of the "record" element.
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
3.9
data field
type of field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "datafield", of the "record" element.
3.10
tag
three characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify it
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "tag", of the "controlfield" element and the "datafield"
element.
3.11
indicator
data element in a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named "ind1", …, "ind9", of the "datafield" element.
3.12
subfield
part of a data field in ISO 2709
NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named "subfield", of the "datafield" element.
3.13
subfield identifier
data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an
ISO 2709 record
NOTE In the schema, the subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute, named "code",
of the "subfield" element.
4 XML schema exchange of MARC records
4.1 General
The generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to
applications of the schema are listed in Annex C.
The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MARC records, using terminology and element names
consistent with ISO 2709.
ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — ISO 2709 general structure
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
An ISO 2709 record contains the following components:
a) a record label (fixed length);
b) a directory (variable length);
c) a record identifier field (variable length);
d) a number of reference fields (variable length);
e) a number of data fields (variable length);
f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates the directory and each
field;
g) a record separator, i.e. separator IS3 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates each record.
In MarcXchange the element “leader” is used for the ISO 2709 record label. Part of the ISO 2709 record label
(positions 0 to 4 record length and positions 12 to 16 base address of data), contains information, which is
only meaningful for the ISO 2709 record. It is recommended always to recalculate this information when
converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709.
The ISO 2709 directory has no counterpart in MarcXchange. When converting from MarcXchange to
ISO 2709, this component has to be recalculated.
In the MarcXchange schema the element “controlfield” is used for the ISO 2709 record identifier field and
reference field; and the element “datafield” is used for ISO 2709 data field.
This schema is an extension to ISO 2709. It allows the usage of the “datafield” element for all legal ISO 2709
tags, including 001 to 009, 00A to 00Z and 00a to 00z; and two attributes are introduced to specify the content
of a record, i.e. “format” to specify the MARC format and “type” to specify the kind of record.
This schema states that subfield identifiers may consist of 8-bit characters from ISO/IEC 10646, BMP row 00
(Basic Latin and Latin-1 Supplement).
There is one restriction. A special mode (identifier length = 0) of ISO 2709 operates with data fields without
subfields. In the MarcXchange schema subfields are required, i.e. identifier length = 0 is not supported.
4.2 Structure of XML schema
Figure 2 illustrates the structure of the MarcXchange schema. All elements have an optional attribute, named
id, inherited from MARCXML.
The description of elements and attribute are as follows:
⎯ collection: a top level container element for zero or many record elements;
⎯ record: a top level container element for the leader element and all of the controlfield and datafield
elements which comprise the record; the record element has the following attributes:
⎯ format (optional): identifies the MARC format (examples: MARC21, UNIMARC, danMARC2,
Ibermarc);
⎯ type (optional): identifies the type of record (examples: bibliographic, authority, holdings,
classification and community);
⎯ leader: corresponds to ISO 2709 record label, 24 octets;
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 25577:2009
ISO 25577:2008(E)
⎯ controlfield: corresponds to ISO 2709 record identifier field (tag 001) and reference fields (tags 002 to
009 and 00A to 00Z); the controlfield element has one attribute:
⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 008);
⎯ datafield: may be used for all fields (tags 001 to 999 and 00A to ZZZ); it contains subfield elements; the
datafield element has the following attributes:
⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 245);
⎯ ind1 to ind9 (optional): contain the indicator values;
⎯ subfield: corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield; the subfield element has one attribute:
⎯ code (required): corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield identifier.
Figure 2 — MarcXchange general structure
© ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 25577
Première édition
2008-12-01
Information et documentation —
MarcXchange
Information and documentation — MarcXchange
Numéro de référence
ISO 25577:2008(F)
©
ISO 2008
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
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© ISO 2008
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quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application.1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions.2
4 Échange en schéma XML de notices MARC.3
4.1 Généralités .3
4.2 Structure du schéma XML .5
Annexe A (normative) Le schéma MarcXchange.7
Annexe B (informative) Exemples .10
Annexe C (normative) Applications du schéma générique MarcXchange.15
Bibliographie .16
© ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés iii
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ISO 25577:2008(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 25577 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité
SC 4, Interopérabilité technique.
iv © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 25577:2008(F)
Introduction
En 2001, la Bibliothèque du Congrès aux États-Unis a élaboré un cadre pour traiter les données MARC dans
un environnement XML. L’organe central de ce cadre est un schéma MARCXML qui permet une conversion
réversible et sans perte d’une notice MARC 21 sous l’ISO 2709 et son encodage XML.
MARCXML est étroitement lié à l’ISO 2709. Il s’est avéré judicieux de mettre au point une solution générale
autre que l’ISO 2709, fondée sur XML, de façon à pouvoir représenter tout format existant s’apuyant sur
l’ISO 2709.
La présente Norme internationale décrit un schéma qui est une version généralisée de MARCXML avec aussi
peu de modifications que possible et qui conserve la structure d’origine de MARCXML. Le schéma qui en
résulte constitue une extension tant de l’ISO 2709 que du MARCXML. Ainsi les éléments d’origine sont
réutilisés et des liens renvoyant à la terminologie de l’ISO 2709 ont été ajoutés. MarcXchange peut servir de
cadre à la conversoin XML de toutes les notices utilisant la syntaxe de l’ISO 2709. Des extensions à
MarcXchange peuvent être requises pour conserver la définition et l’application des zones, sous-zones et
caractères de contrôle, employés dans les techniques de représentations des données, relevant des
implémentations de l’ISO 2709. L’échange international de notices recourt à des variantes locales de formats
reconnus à l’échelle internationale, d’autant qu'il utilise des formats reconnus au plan international en
respectant là précisément les critères prescrits pour l’échange international. MarcXchange est principalement
destiné à servir de cadre d’élaboration de schémas locaux ou auxquels des extensions locales peuvent être
ajoutées. La pratique a démontré la nécessité d’opérer des adaptations locales — même si le MARC 21 ou
l’UNIMARC sont retenus comme formats locaux. Ce schéma donne les spécifications d’élaboration de
schémas locaux simples, assurant leur compatibilité.
Les relations du schéma décrit dans la présente Norme internationale avec le MARC et l’ISO 2709 sont les
suivantes. Le schéma XML est conçu de façon à contenir les données MARC. Ce schéma peut servir à
l’échange de notices MARC ou faire fonction de «bus» pour permettre aux notices de données en MARC de
migrer par la suite vers le Dublin Core et/ou vers des processus comme la validation. Les composantes de
base de l’ISO 2709 sont traitées de la façon suivante dans le schéma XML:
⎯ le label de la notice est traité comme une simple chaîne;
⎯ le répertoire n’a pas de contrepartie dans le schéma; lors de la conversion de MarcXchange en
ISO 2709, ce répertoire doit être recalculé;
⎯ la zone de l’identifiants de la notice et les zones de commande sont traitées comme des éléments,
l’étiquette comme un attribut;
⎯ les zones de données sont traitées comme des éléments, l’étiquette et les indicateurs comme des
attributs;
⎯ les sous-zones sont traitées comme des sous éléments, le code du sous-zone comme un attribut.
© ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 25577:2008(F)
Information et documentation — MarcXchange
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie les exigences nécessaires à un format généralisé d’échange de
notices bibliographiques aussi bien que d’autres types de métadonnées, fondé sur l’XML.
Elle ne définit ni la longueur ni le contenu des notices individuelles et ne confère aucune signification aux
étiquettes, indicateurs ou identifiants, ces spécifications constituant les fonctions d’un format de mise en
œuvre.
La présente Norme internationale décrit une structure généralisée; un cadre conçu au premier chef pour la
communication entre systèmes informatiques, mais son utilisation en tant que format de traitement au sein de
ces systèmes, peut également s’avérer pertinente.
MarcXchange peut potentiellement servir
⎯ à représenter une notice complète MARC ou un jeu de notices MARC en XML,
⎯ à la description d’une ressource originale en syntaxe XML,
⎯ de schéma d’extension à METS (Standard d’encodage et de transmission de métadonnées),
⎯ à l’échange de notices MARC en XML,
⎯ au transfert de notices MARC via les services en ligne comme le SRU (search/retrieval via URL),
⎯ à la transmission de données à l’éditeur,
⎯ de format temporaire pour toutes les formes de transformation ou de manipulation de données, par
exemple conversion, publication, édition, validation, et
⎯ de métadonnées en XML pouvant être enveloppées avec une ressource électronique.
La validation du contenu des notices MARC n’est pas assurée par ce schéma mais par un logiciel dédié
destiné à un usage particulier (par exemple au format particulier MARC).
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 2709, Information et documentation — Format pour l’échange d’information
ISO/CEI 646, Technologies de l’information — Jeu ISO de caractères codés à 7 éléments pour l’échange
d’information
ISO/CEI 10646, Technologies de l’information — Jeu universel de caractères codés sur plusieurs octets
(JUC)
© ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 25577:2008(F)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
catalogage lisible par la machine (MAchine-Readable Cataloguing)
MARC
famille des normes de format pour le stockage et l’échange de notices bibliographiques et des informations
associées sous une forme lisible par la machine
NOTE Tous les standards MARC sont conformes à l’ISO 2709.
3.2
collection
jeu de notices
NOTE 1 Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un élément racine dénommé collection.
NOTE 2 Les termes, élément-racine, élément et attribut, sont alignés sur les définitions du standard XML. Le terme
«sous-élément» s’entend pour un élément qui est le contenu (ou l’enfant) d’une autre élément (le parent).
3.3
notice
collection de zones, y compris le label de notice, le répertoire et les données
NOTE 1 Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un élément racine dénommé record (notice).
NOTE 2 Il peut apparaître seul ou en tant que sous-élément d’une collection.
3.4
format
spécification du contenu des informations du label de notice, des zones de commande, des zones de
données, des indicateurs et des sous-zones d’une notice ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, un attribut (format) de l’élément record (notice) sert à préciser le format MARC utilisé dans la
record (notice) spécifique.
3.5
type
sous-application du format
NOTE Dans le schéma, un attribut (type) de l’élément record (notice) sert à préciser l’application.
EXEMPLE Notice bibliographique, notice de données locales.
3.6
label de notice
zone qui figure dans une notice ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément leader (en-tête) de l’élément record (notice).
3.7
répertoire
index utilisé dans les notices ISO 2709
3.8
zone de commande
zone d'identifiant de notice ou zone de référence dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément controlfield (zone de contrôle) de l’élément record
(notice).
2 © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
3.9
zone de données
type de zone dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément datafield (zone de données) de l’élément record
(notice).
3.10
étiquette
trois caractères associés à une zone de contrôle ou à une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709, destinés à
l’identifier
NOTE Un attribut tag (étiquette) de l’élément controlfield (zone de contrôle) et de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.11
indicateur
élément de données dans une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par des attributs (ind1, …, ind9) de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.12
sous-zone
partie d’une zone de données dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, ceci est représenté par un sous-élément subfield (sous-zone) de l’élément datafield (zone de
données).
3.13
identifiants de sous-zone
élément de données consistant en un code de commande suivi de zéro à huit caractères identifiant une sous-
zone dans l’ISO 2709
NOTE Dans le schéma, les caractères de sous-zone, suivant le code de contrôle représenté par un attribut (code) de
l’élément subfield (sous-zone).
4 Échange en schéma XML de notices MARC
4.1 Généralités
Le schéma générique est donné dans l’Annexe A. Des exemples de notices formatées sont donnés dans
l'Annexe B.
Les références aux applications du schéma sont données dans l’Annexe C.
Le schéma MarcXchange supporte le balisage XML pour les notices MARC. Il reprend la terminologie et les
noms d’éléments conformes à l’ISO 2709.
L’ISO 2709 définit la structure générale illustrée à la Figure 1.
Record label
Directory
Fields
Record separator
Figure 1 — Structure générale de l’ISO 2709
© ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
Une notice ISO 2709 contient les composantes suivantes:
a) un label de notice (longueur fixe);
b) un répertoire (longueur variable);
c) une zone pour l’identifiant de la notice (longueur variable);
d) un certain nombre de zones référence (longueur variable);
e) un certain nombre de zones de données (longueur variable);
f) un séparateur de zones, c'est-à-dire le séparateur IS2 de l'ISO/CEI 646 qui termine le répertoire et
chaque zone;
g) un séparateur de notice, c'est-à-dire le séparateur IS3 de l'ISO/CEI 646 qui termine chaque notice.
Dans le schéma MarcXchange, l’élément «leader» (en-tête) correspond au «label de notice» de l’ISO 2709.
La partie «label de notice» (positions 0 à 4 «longueur de la notice» et positions 12 à 16 «adresse de base»
des données) contient des informations qui ne sont significatives que pour une notice de l’ISO 2709. Il est
recommandé de toujours calculer à nouveau ces informations lors de la conversion de MarcXchange en
ISO 2709.
Le répertoire ISO 2709 n’a pas de correspondance dans MarcXchange. Lors de la conversion de
MarcXchange en XML, cette composante doit être calculée à nouveau.
Dans le schéma MarcXchange, l’élément «controlfield» (zone de contrôle), est utilisé pour la zone d’identifiant
de notice de l’ISO 2709 et la zone référence; l’élément «datafield» (zone de données) est utilisé pour la zone
de données de l’ISO 2709.
Ce schéma constitue une extension de l’ISO 2709. Il permet l’utilisation de datafields (zones de données)
pour toutes les étiquettes conformes à l’ISO 2709, comprises de 001 à 009, 00A à 00Z et 00a à 00z; deux
attributs sont introduits pour indiquer le contenu du «format (format) » d’une notice afin de préciser le format
MARC et le «type (type)» pour en indiquer la nature.
Ce schéma démontre que les identifiants des sous-zones peuvent comporter les caractères sur 8 octets de
l’ISO/CEI 10646, rangée BMP 00 (Latin de base et Supplément Latin-1).
Il n’y a aucune restriction. Un mode particulier (longueur d’identifiant = 0) de l’ISO 2709 fonctionne avec des
zones de données sans sous-zones. Dans le schéma MarcXchange, les sous-zones sont requises, c’est-à-
dire que la longueur de l’identifiant = 0 n’est pas supportés.
4 © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
4.2 Structure du schéma XML
La Figure 2 illustre la structure du schéma MarcXchange. Les éléments sont décrits ci-dessous. Tous les
éléments ont un attribut facultatif — id (identifiant) — hérité de MARCXML.
Figure 2 — Structure générale de MarcXchange
⎯ collection (collection): élément de plus haut niveau, éventuellement vide, contenant des records
(notices);
⎯ record (notice): élément de plus haut niveau contenant l’élément leader (en-tête) et la totalité des
éléments des control fields (zones de contrôle) et des datafields (zones de données) qui comprennent
la notice; l’élément de la notice comporte les attributs suivants:
⎯ format (format) (facultatif) qui identifie le format MARC (exemples: MARC 21, UNIMARC,
danMARC2, Ibermarc);
⎯ type (type) (facultatif) qui identifie le type de la notice (exemples: Bibliographique, Autorité, Données
locales, Classement et Communauté);
⎯ leader (en-tête): correspond au label de notice de l’ISO 2709, 24 octets;
© ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés 5
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 25577:2008(F)
⎯ controlfield (zone de contrôle): correspond à la zone de l’identifiant de la notice dans l’ISO 2709
(étiquette 001) et aux zones référence (étiquettes de 002 à 009 et 00A à 00Z); l’élément control field
(zone de contrôle) a un attribut:
⎯ tag (étiquette) (obligatoire) qui identifie la zone (par exemple 008);
⎯ datafield (zone de données): peut ê
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Informatika in dokumentacija - Format MarcXchangeInformation et documentation - MarcXchangeInformation and documentation - MarcXchange35.240.30Uporabniške rešitve IT v informatiki, dokumentiranju in založništvuIT applications in information, documentation and publishingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO/PRF 25577oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008en01-december-2008oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference numberISO 25577:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO25577First edition2008-##-##Information and documentation — MarcXchange Information et documentation — MarcXchange
oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
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oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3 4.1 General.3 4.2 Structure of XML schema.4 Annex A (normative)
The MarcXchange schema.6 Annex B (informative)
Examples.9 Annex C (normative)
Maintenance responsibilities.14 Annex D (informative)
Maintenance agency.15 Bibliography.16
oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability. oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE vIntroduction In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress developed a framework for working with MARC data in an XML environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record. MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to an XML-based alternative for ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented. This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resulting schema is an XML extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be required to retain the definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internationally recognized formats in the precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need for local deviations – even if MARC 21 or UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local specific schemas, ensuring compatibility. Relationship to MARC and ISO 2709 The XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in the following way in the XML schema: ⎯ the record label is treated as a simple string; ⎯ the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the directory has to be recalculated; ⎯ the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the tag as an attribute; ⎯ data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes; ⎯ subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute. oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 1Information and documentation — MarcXchange 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for a generalized XML-based exchange format for bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata. It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags, indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation format. This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format within systems. MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows: ⎯ for representing a complete MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML; ⎯ for original resource description in XML syntax; ⎯ as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard); ⎯ for exchange of MARC records in XML; ⎯ for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRW (Search/Retrieve Web service); ⎯ for publisher transmission of data; ⎯ as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication, editing, validation; ⎯ for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource. Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by dedicated software tailored for the specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2709, Information and documentation — Format for information exchange ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) 2 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 MAchine-Readable Cataloguing MARC family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in machine-readable form NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709. 3.2 collection set of records in the schema represented by a root element named collection NOTE The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent). 3.3 record collection of fields, including record label, directory and data in the schema represented by a root element named record NOTE Can occur alone or as a sub-element of a collection. 3.4 format specification of the information content of record labels, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of a MARC record in the schema that an attribute (format) of the record element used to specify the MARC format used in the particular record 3.5 type sub-application of format in the schema, an attribute (type) of the record element specifying the application EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings record. 3.6 record label field occurring in an ISO 2709 record in the schema represented by a sub-element (leader) of the record element 3.7 directory index used in ISO 2709 records, not used in the schema 3.8 control field record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709 in the schema represented by a sub-element (control field) of the record element 3.9 data field type of field in ISO 2709 in the schema represented by a sub-element (data field) of the record element 3.10 tag three characters associated to a control field or a data field and used to identify it NOTE In the schema, an attribute (tag) of the control field element and the data field element. oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 33.11 indicator data element in a data field in the schema represented by an attribute (ind1, …, ind9) of the data field element 3.12 subfield part of a data field in the schema represented by a sub-element (subfield) of the data field element 3.13 subfield identifier data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in the schema NOTE The subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute (code) of the subfield element. 4 XML schema exchange of MARC records 4.1 General The MarcXchange schema as at publication of this International Standard is given in Annex A. Examples of usage are listed in Annex B. The MarcXchange schema may be updated to correct possible errors and/or to conform to future versions of the XML schema standards. Maintenance responsibility is specified in Annex C, and the appointed maintenance agency appears in Annex D. The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MARC records, using terminology and element names consistent with ISO 2709. ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1.
Record label Directory Fields Record separator Figure 1 — ISO 2709 general structure An ISO 2709 record contains the following components: a) a record label (fixed length); b) a directory (variable length); c) a record identifier field (variable length); d) a number of reference fields (variable length); e) a number of data fields (variable length); f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates the directory and each field; g) a record separator, i.e. separator IS3 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates each record. oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) 4 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved In MarcXchange the element “leader” is used for the ISO 2709 record label. Part of the ISO 2709 record label (position 0-4 record length and position 12-16 base address of data), contains information, which is only meaningful for the ISO 2709 record. It is recommended to always recalculate this information when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709. The ISO 2709 directory has no counterpart in MarcXchange. When converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 this component has to be recalculated.
In the MarcXchange schema the element “control field” is used for the ISO 2709 record identifier field and reference field; and the element “data field” is used for ISO 2709 data field. This schema is an extension to ISO 2709. It allows the usage of “data fields” for all legal ISO 2709 tags, including 001 to 009, 00A to 00Z and 00a to 00z; and two attributes are introduced to specify the content of a record – “format” to specify the MARC format and “type” to specify the kind of record. This schema states that subfield identifiers may consist of 8-bit characters from ISO/IEC 10646, BMP row 00 (Basic Latin and Latin-1 Supplement). There is one restriction. A special mode (identifier length = 0) of ISO 2709 operates with data fields without subfields. In the MarcXchange schema subfields are required, i.e. identifier length = 0 is not supported. 4.2 Structure of XML schema Figure 2 illustrates the structure of the MarcXchange schema. The elements are described below. All elements have an optional attribute — id — inherited from MARCXML.
Figure 2 — MarcXchange general structure oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE 5⎯ collection: a top level container element for zero or many records ⎯ record: a top level container element for the leader element and all of the control field and data field elements which comprise the record; the record element has the following attributes: ⎯ format (optional): identifies the MARC format (examples: MARC21, UNIMARC, danMARC2, Ibermarc) ⎯ type (optional): identifies the type of record (examples: bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification and community) ⎯ leader: corresponds to ISO 2709 record label, 24 octets ⎯ control field: corresponds to ISO 2709 record identifier field (tag 001) and reference fields (tags 002 to 009 and 00A to 00Z); the control field element has one attribute: ⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 008) ⎯ data field: may be used for all fields (tags 001 to 999 and 00A to ZZZ); it contains subfields; the data field element has the following attributes: ⎯ tag (required): identifies the field (e.g. 245) ⎯ ind1 to ind9 (optional): contain the indicator values ⎯ subfield: corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield; the subfield element has one attribute: ⎯ code (required): corresponds to ISO 2709 subfield identifier oSIST ISO/PRF 25577:2008
ISO 25577:2008(E) 6 PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Annex A (normative)
The MarcXchange schema A.1 The MarcXchange schema as at publication of this International Standard: The most current version of the standard can be found at the maintenance agency's web site, see Annex D.
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