ISO 10406-4:2025
(Main)Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test methods — Part 4: FRP grids
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test methods — Part 4: FRP grids
This document specifies test methods applicable to fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) grids as reinforcement or pre-stressing tendons in concrete, including physical, mechanical, durability, long term durability and bond properties. FRP grids in this document can be used for rehabilitating existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures and reinforcing new constructions. FRP grids in this document are made of fibre and resin matrix. The types of fibres are aramid fibre, basalt fibre, carbon fibre or glass fibre. The matrix includes thermosetting resins, such as vinylester, unsaturated polyester resins, as well as thermoplastic resins, including polypropylene, polyamides, and polymethyl methacrylate. FRP grids in this document are a rigid array of interconnected FRP bars, and do not include fibre textile and fabric with a mesh type. In this document, durability refers to alkali resistance.
Titre manque — Partie 4: Titre manque
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Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 10406-4
First edition
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
2025-09
reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods —
Part 4:
FRP grids
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definition .2
3.2 Symbols .4
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 6
5 Test method for physical properties . 6
5.1 Cross-sectional area .6
5.1.1 Test piece .6
5.1.2 Test procedure.7
5.1.3 Calculation .7
5.1.4 Test report .7
5.2 Fibre volume fraction .8
5.2.1 Test pieces .8
5.2.2 Test procedure.8
5.2.3 Calculation .9
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion .10
5.3.1 Test pieces .10
5.3.2 Testing device .10
5.3.3 Test method .10
5.3.4 Calculations . .11
5.3.5 Test report .11
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties .12
6.1 Tensile property . 12
6.1.1 Test pieces . 12
6.1.2 Test equipment . 12
6.1.3 Test procedure. 13
6.1.4 Test temperature . 13
6.1.5 Calculations . . 13
6.1.6 Test report . 15
7 Test method for durability . 17
7.1 Alkali resistance .17
7.1.1 Test pieces .17
7.1.2 Immersion in alkaline solution .17
7.1.3 External appearance and mass change .18
7.1.4 Tensile test .18
7.1.5 Calculations . .18
7.1.6 Test report .19
8 Test method for long-term mechanical properties .20
8.1 Long-term relaxation . 20
8.1.1 Test pieces . 20
8.1.2 Testing frame and devices . 20
8.1.3 Test temperature . .21
8.1.4 Test method .21
8.1.5 Calculations . .21
8.1.6 Test report . 22
8.2 Tensile fatigue strength. 22
8.2.1 Test pieces . 22
8.2.2 Testing machine and devices . 23
8.2.3 Test temperature . 23
iii
8.2.4 Test method . 23
8.2.5 Calculations . .24
8.2.6 Test report .24
8.3 Creep rupture strength . 25
8.3.1 Test pieces . 25
8.3.2 Testing frame and devices . 25
8.3.3 Test temperature . 25
8.3.4 Tensile capacity . 25
8.3.5 Test method . 25
8.3.6 Calculations . . 26
8.3.7 Test report .27
9 Test methods for bond properties .28
9.1 Bond property by pull-out testing . 28
9.1.1 Test pieces . 28
9.1.2 Testing machine and devices . 29
9.1.3 Test method . 29
9.1.4 C
...
International
Standard
ISO 10406-4
First edition
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP)
reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods —
Part 4:
FRP grids
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definition .2
3.2 Symbols .4
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 6
5 Test method for physical properties . 6
5.1 Cross-sectional area .6
5.1.1 Test piece .6
5.1.2 Test procedure.7
5.1.3 Calculation .7
5.1.4 Test report .7
5.2 Fibre volume fraction .8
5.2.1 Test pieces .8
5.2.2 Test procedure.8
5.2.3 Calculation .9
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion .10
5.3.1 Test pieces .10
5.3.2 Testing device .10
5.3.3 Test method .10
5.3.4 Calculations . .11
5.3.5 Test report .11
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties .12
6.1 Tensile property . 12
6.1.1 Test pieces . 12
6.1.2 Test equipment . 12
6.1.3 Test procedure. 13
6.1.4 Test temperature . 13
6.1.5 Calculations . . 13
6.1.6 Test report . 15
7 Test method for durability . 17
7.1 Alkali resistance .17
7.1.1 Test pieces .17
7.1.2 Immersion in alkaline solution .17
7.1.3 External appearance and mass change .18
7.1.4 Tensile test .18
7.1.5 Calculations . .18
7.1.6 Test report .19
8 Test method for long-term mechanical properties .20
8.1 Long-term relaxation . 20
8.1.1 Test pieces . 20
8.1.2 Testing frame and devices . 20
8.1.3 Test temperature . .21
8.1.4 Test method .21
8.1.5 Calculations . .21
8.1.6 Test report . 22
8.2 Tensile fatigue strength. 22
8.2.1 Test pieces . 22
8.2.2 Testing machine and devices . 23
8.2.3 Test temperature . 23
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
8.2.4 Test method . 23
8.2.5 Calculations . .24
8.2.6 Test report .24
8.3 Creep rupture strength . 25
8.3.1 Test pieces . 25
8.3.2 Testing frame and devices . 25
8.3.3 Test temperature . 25
8.3.4 Tensile capacity . 25
8.3.5 Test method . 25
8.3.6 Calculations . . 26
8.3.7 Test report .27
9 Test methods for bond properties .28
9.1 Bond property by pull-out testing . 28
9.1.1 Test pieces . 28
9.1.2 Testing machine and devices . 29
9.1.3 Test method .
...
ISO CD/PRF 10406-4
ISO/TC 71/SC 6/WG 6
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-5-3007-15
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods — —
Part 4:
FRP grids
PROOF
ISO #####-#:####(X/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definition, and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definition . 2
3.2 Symbols . 5
4 General provision concerning test pieces . 6
5 Test method for physical properties . 7
5.1 Cross-sectional area . 7
5.2 Fibre volume fraction . 9
5.3 Coefficient of thermal expansion . 11
6 Test method for short-term mechanical properties . 13
6.1 Tensile property . 13
7 Test method for durability . 19
7.1 Alkali resistance . 19
8 Test method for long-term mechanical properties . 22
8.1 Long-term relaxation . 22
8.2 Tensile fatigue strength . 25
8.3 Creep rupture strength . 27
9 Test methods for bond properties . 30
9.1 Bond property by pull-out testing . 30
9.2 Bond property by single-lap shear test . 37
10 Informative references . 43
© ISO 10406 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO #####-#:####(X/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-
stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 6, Non-traditional reinforcing materials for concrete structures.
In comparison to ISO 10406-1:2015, this document introduces the following revisions:
a) InclusionThis first edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 10406-1:2015) which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— inclusion of thermoplastic resin for FRP grids;
— b) Fibrefibre volume fraction testing and single-lap shear bond test methods arehave been added;
— c) Tensiletensile performance, alkali resistance, and pull-off bond test methods are modified;
— d) Testtest method for performance of anchorages and couplers, test method for transverse shear
strength, and test method for flexural tensile properties arehave been deleted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 10406 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
Introduction
Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) grids, renowned for their high strength, lightweight nature, excellent bond
behaviour, and superior durability, serve a pivotal role in rehabilitating existing RC structures and reinforcing
new constructions. Incorporating FRP grids effectively within structures, it becomes imperative to
comprehensively understand involves a comprehensive understanding of their physical properties,
mechanical characteristics, long-term performance, durability, and bond capabilities. This understanding is
crucial to ensures that structures reinforced or constructed with FRP grids meet the stringent design
requirements.
However, the prevalent testing methods for FRP bars or sheets, as outlined in existing specifications, are
insufficient in adequately accounting for the spatial bidirectional characteristics inherent in FRP grids.
Therefore, the need arises to develop an internationally recognized standard that specifically delineates
testing methodologies tailored for FRP grids. ThisdocumentThis document aims to establish a framework for
testing procedures that consider the distinctive spatial bidirectional properties of these grids. Additionally,
the document provides essential material properties data required for structural design, offering engineers
and designers a reliable basis for incorporating FRP grids into their projects. By formulating a document for
testing FRP grids, we endeavor to fill the existing gap in methodologies and facilitate a more accurate
assessment of their performance. This document not only enhances the reliability of structural designs
utilizing FRP grids but also promotes their wider and more efficient use in construction projects worldwide.
© ISO 10406 2025 – All rights reserved
v
ISO CD/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete — Test
methods — —
Part 4:
FRP grids
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods applicable to Fibrefibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) grids as
reinforcement or pre-stressing tendons in concrete, including physical, mechanical, durability, long term
durability and bond properties.
FRP grids in this document can be used for rehabilitating existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures and
reinforcing new constructions.
FRP grids in this document are made of fibre and resin matrix. TypesThe types of fibres are aramid fibre, basalt
fibre, carbon fibre or glass fibre. The matrix includes thermosetting resins, such as vinylester, unsaturated
polyester resins, as well as thermoplastic resins, including polypropylene, polyamides, and polymethyl
methacrylate.
FRP grids in this document are a rigid array of interconnected FRP bars, and do not include fibre textile and
fabric with a mesh type.
In this document, durability refers to alkali resistance.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Design and
metrological characteristics of micrometresmicrometers for external measurements
ISO 4788, Laboratory glassware — Graduated measuring cylinders
ISO 291:2008, Plastics --— Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — VerificationCalibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines —
Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — VerificationCalibration and calibrationverification of the force-
measuring system
ISO 13385-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1: Design
and metrological characteristics of callipers
ISO 1172:2023, Textile-glass-reinforced plastics — Prepregs, moulding compounds and laminates —
Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content using calcination methods
ISO 80000-1:2022, Quantities and units — Part 1: GeneralTermsGeneral
© ISO 10406 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO CD/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
3 Terms, definition, and symbols
3.1 Terms and definition
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
Alkali alkali
condition of having or containing hydroxyl (OH-) ions; containing alkaline substances
Note 1 to entry: In concrete, the initial alkaline environment has a pH above 13.
3.1.2
Anchoringanchoring section
end part of a test piece where an anchorage is fitted to transmit loads from the testing machine to the test
section
3.1.3
Averageaverage load
average of the maximum and minimum repeated load
3.1.4
Coefficientcoefficient of thermal expansion
average coefficient of linear thermal expansion between given temperatures
Note 1 to entry: The average of the given temperatures is taken as the representative temperature.
3.1.5
Creepcreep failure capacity
load causing failure after a specified period of time from the start of a sustained load
Note 1 to entry: In particular, the load causing failure after 1 million hours is referred to as the million-hour creep failure
capacity.
3.1.6
Creepcreep failure strength
stress causing failure after a specified period of time from the start of a sustained load
Note 1: to entry: In particular, the load causing failure after 1 million hours is referred to as the million-hour creep failure
strength.
3.1.7
Creepcreep failure time
time between the start of a sustained load and failure of a test piece
3.1.8
Creepcreep failure
failure occurring in a test piece due to a sustained load
© ISO 10406 2025 – All rights reserved
ISO CD/PRF 10406-4:2025(en)
3.1.9
Creepcreep strain
differential change in length per unit length occurring in a test piece due to creep
3.1.10
Creep
creep
time-dependent deformation of a FRP grid subjected to a sustained load at a constant temperature.
3.1.11
Fatiguefatigue strength
maximum repeated stress at which the test piece does not fail at the prescribed number of cycles.
3.1.12
Fibrefibre-r
...
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