ISO/TR 14638:1995
(Main)Geometrical product specification (GPS) — Masterplan
Geometrical product specification (GPS) — Masterplan
Gives the overview of the international standardization of Geometrical Product Specification (GPS). Explains the concept of GPS and provides a Masterplan of GPS including the existing and futural standards.
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Schéma directeur
Le présent Rapport Technique présente la vue d'ensemble de la normalisation internationale dans le domaine de la spécification géométrique des produits (GPS). Il explique le concept GPS et fournit un schéma directeur sur les normes existantes et à établir relevant de la responsabilité de l'ISO/TC 3, l'ISO/TC 10/SC 5 et l'ISO/TC 57. Il mentionne aussi des normes et travaux de normalisation GPS qui sont en dehors du domaine de responsabilité des comités (TCs) mentionnés ci-dessus, afin de compléter l'information sur les normes internationales GPS. Ces normes, qui ne relèvent pas de l'ISO/TC 3, TC 10/SC 5 et TC 57, ne sont citées qu'à titre d'exemples et ne constituent pas une liste complète et exhaustive des normes GPS complémentaires. Ce rapport technique fournit des informations aux utilisateurs industriels des normes GPS ainsi qu'aux TCs de l'ISO qui utilisent le contenu des normes GPS dans leurs propres normes internationales ou qui produisent des normes ISO GPS complémentaires, afin d'améliorer la compréhension mutuelle et l'utilisation du concept GPS.
Specifikacija geometrije izdelka - Glavni načrt
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TECHNICAL IS0
REPORT TR 14638
First edition
1995-12-15
Geometrical product specification
- Masterplan
(GPS)
Spkification g6om&rique des produits (GPS) - Schhma directeur
Reference number
ISO/TR 14638:1995(E)
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Page
Contents
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Scope
1
. . . . .*.
2 Concept of Geometrical Product Specifications
2
. . .*.
3 Definitions
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Setup and content of chain links
5 Masterplan in the field of Geometrical Product
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifications - GPS
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.*.
6 Lists of GPS standards
Annexes
12
A Fundamental GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
B Global GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
14
C General GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
D Complementary GPS Standards - Process specific tolerance
21
.,.*.,.
standards
E Complementary GPS Standards - Machine element geometry
26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
standards
0 IS0 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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0 IS0 ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
International organizations, govern-
represented on that committee.
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International
Standards, but in exceptional circumstances a technical committee may
propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following
types:
- type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the
publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
- type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or
where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate
possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
- type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a
different kind from that which is normally published as an
International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three
years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into
International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily
have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
lSO/TR 14638, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by
Technical Committee ISOTTC 3, Limits and fits, and has been based on
studies carried out by the Joint Harmonization Group of ISO/TC 3, Limits
and fits, lSO/TC 10, Technical drawings, product definition and related
documentation, Subcommittee SC 5, Dimensioning and tolerancing, and
ISO/TC 57, Metrology and properties of surfaces.
The content of ISOFR 14638 is the status of the standardization on
Geometrical Product Specifications covered by the scopes of the above
Technical Committees and Subcommittee.
. . .
III
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lSO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Introduction
Geometrical Product Specifications, abbreviated GPS, defines - i.e. on an
engineering drawing - the shape (geometry), dimensions and surface charac-
teristics of a workpiece which ensure optimum functioning of the workpiece in
question, together with the dispersion around the optimum where the function is
still satisfactory.
The manufacturing will nevertheless produce workpieces which are not perfect
and which will show some deviation from the optimum and from one another.
These workpieces will be measured in order to compare them with the
specification.
There is a need to relate
the workpiece imaginated by the designer,
the workpiece as manufactured,
I
the knowledge of the workpiece as measured - the actual workpiece.
To obtain this relationship and to allow mutual interpretation, standards have
been developed in the field of GPS dealing with basic definitions, symbolic
representation, measurement principles etc.
For many years, these GPS standards have been prepared by Technical
Committees (TCs) within IS0 and have been issued as soon as specific needs
were emerging, but sometimes a global view was missing. This results in
standards with a different approach and presentation, and sometimes with
contradictions. There are also gaps between the standards.
Recognizing this fact the Joint Harmonization Group of lSO/TC 3, Limits and fits,
lSO/TC 1 O/SC 5, Dimensioning and tolerancing, and ISOTTC 57, Metrology and
properties of surfaces (abbreviated lSO/TC 3-IO-57/JHG) tasked with the
harmonization of the standards of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57,
decided to structure the standards dealing with GPS according to a Masterplan
which shall be used for future standardization.
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TECHNICAL REPORT 0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Geometrical product specification (GPS) -
Masterplan
1 Scope
This Technical Report establishes the overview of the international standardization of Geometrical
Product Specification (GPS). It explains the concept of GPS and provides a Masterplan of GPS
including the existing standards and standards to be issued in the field which is the responsibility
of ISOnC 3, lSO/TC IO/SC 5 and ISOK 57.
It also mentions GPS standards and standardization activities outside the field of responsibility of the above
mentioned technical committees (TCs). This is done in order to give complete information about the status
of international GPS standards. The non lSO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57 standards are only
referred to as examples and do not intend to be a complete and exhaustive list of complementary GPS
standards.
This Technical Report provides information to the industrial user of IS0 GPS standards and to other TCs
within ISO, which are using the content of GPS standards in their International Standards or are producing
complementary IS0 GPS standards, in order to improve the common understanding and use of GPS.
2 Concept of Geometrical Product Specifications
The concept of GPS:
- covers several kinds of standards, some are dealing with the fundamental rules of specification
(Fundamental GPS standards), some are dealing with global principles and definitions (Global GPS
standards), some are dealing directly with the geometric characteristics (General- and Complementary
GPS standards), see figure 1.
- covers several kinds of geometric characteristics such as size, distance, angle, form, location,
orientation, roughness, etc. (see chains of General GPS standards numbered 1 through 17 in figure 1).
- covers workpiece characteristics (tolerance classification) as results of several kinds of manufacturing
processes and the characteristics of specific machine elements (see chains of Complementary GPS
standards numbered Al through A7 and 61 through 83 in figure 1).
- occurs at several steps in the development of a product: design, manufacturing, metrology, quality
assurance, etc.
The concept is graphically illustrated on figure 1 indicating four different types of GPS standards, which in
total is designated the GPS matrix mode/.
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lSO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Definitions
3
For the purpose of this Technical Report the following definitions applies:
31 .
chain of standards : All related standards concerning the same geometrical characteristics.
NOTE 1 - Chains of standards applies only to the General GPS standards and the Complementary GPS
standards.
NOTE 2 - A chain of standards is characterized by the fact that each single standard, which is a part
of a link in the chain, affects the other standards, so that the full understanding and application of each
standard requires the knowledge of the other standards in the chain.
NOTE 3 - The task of all the chains of standards is to link - unambiguously - the indication on the
drawing ( e.g. the surface roughness symbol) to the SI unit of length in such a way that the tolerance
limits are defined in every case possible - irrespective of the deviations from ideal geometry of the
toleranced features, and other deviations from theoretical correct conditions - whatever they might be.
NOTE 4 - Each single standard in a chain of standards often aims at a limited and special group of
users when considering the title of a standard or the subject of the standard mentioned in the subtitles.
It is a common opinion that specific standards either belong to the design (department), the
manufacturing or to the quality assurance (measurement). The rationale is however, that each link of
the chain of standards is necessary for all parties (i.e. design, production, quality control, measuring
etc.) in order to make it possible to understand the full content of each single standard and the
definitions mentioned in each single standard in the chain.
NOTE 5 - A chain of standards consists of six chain links (numbered 1 - 6). Each link in the chain of
standards has a very special task of its own (for further information see 4).
3.2 GPS matrix mode/ : Arrangement consisting of 4 different main groups of standards:
- Fundamental GPS standards
- Global GPS standards
- General GPS standards
- Complementary G PS standards.
NOTE 6 - All GPS standards fit into the GPS matrix mode/ which form the GPS Masterplan.
3.2.1 fundamental GPS standards : Standards establishing the fundamental rules and procedures for the
GPS dimensioning and tolerancing of workpieces and products. For the time being only the Principle of
Annex A.
independency (IS0 8015) is standardized. A list of these standards is in
SO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
NOTE 7 - The Fundamental GPS standards are the responsibility of
ISO/TC 57.
ri al or all chains of Genera/ GPS
3.2.2 g/&a/ GPS standards : Standards which cover or influence seve
l l . n
standards and Complementary GPS standards. A list of these standards IS In Annex B.
NOTE 8 - The GIobal GPS standards are the responsibility of ISOTTC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
lso/Tc 57.
3.2.3 genera/ GPS matrix : Arrangement consisting of the chains of Genera/ GPS standards.
To illustrate the different aspects and relationships of these Genera/ GPS standards, the matrix of chains
of general GPS standards in figure 2 has been defined where the rows are dealing with the different
geometrical characteristics and the columns are dealing with the technical issues and requirements,
necessary for ensuring a common and unambiguous understanding. Each matrix cell in every chain of
standards has to be covered by the content of at least one standard.
2
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IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
NOTE 9 - The order according to which the columns (chain links) of the matrix are presented is based
on the natural sequence for users reading a drawing and thus understand the drawing code. It shall be
noticed that the concept (i.e. the definition of characteristics or parameters of a workpiece (actual feature
definitions) for each chain of standards) is given in column no. 3.
NOTE 10 - The order according to which the lines of the matrix in figure 2 are presented does not imply
any priority or precedence.
3.2.3.1 genera/ GPS standards : The main body of GPS standards which establishes rules for drawing
indications, definitions and verification principles for different types of geometrical characteristics.
A list of these standards is in Annex C.
NOTE 11 - The Genera/ GPS standards are the responsibility of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
ISO/TC 57.
3.2.4 complementary GPS mafrix : Arrangement consisting of the chains of Complementary GPS
standards.
Complementary GPS standards can be arranged in chains of standards analogous to the arrangement of
the Genera/ GPS standards illustrated in figure 2.
3.2.4.1 complemenfary GPS standards : Standards establishing complementary rules for drawing
indications, definitions and verification principles for a specialized category of features or elements. These
rules depend on the type of manufacturing process and/or the type of machine element itself.
Complementary GPS standards are categorized as:
- Process specific tolerance standards (e.g. machining, casting, etc.)
NOTE 12 - Process specific tolerance standards are partly (chain Al and A2 in figure 1) the
responsibility of lSO/TC 3, lSO/TC 1 O/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57.
- Machine element geometry standards (e.g. screw threads, gears and splines)
NOTE 13 - Machine element geometry standards are not the responsibility of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TCl O/SC5,
and ISO/TC 57.
A list of these standards is in Annex D (Process specific tolerance standards) and in Annex E (Machine
element geometry standards).
4 Setup and content of chain links
The chain links are titled and has the following defined tasks in the chain of standards.
Codification : Group of General GPS
4.1 Chain link no. 1 - Product documentation indication -
standards dealing with the drawing indication of the characteristic of the work piece are placed in this chain
link. The indication is often in a sort of “coded” symbol - a symbolic representation of the geometric
characteristic. The standards define the symbols , how to use the symbol and the associated rules of
“grammar”, the small differences in the symbol, which causes a major shift in meaning.
4.2 Chain link no, 2 - Definition of tolerances - Theoretical definition and values : Group of General
GPS standards defining the numerical values related to the “code’‘-symbols, are placed in this chain link.
The standards define the rules of translating from the code to “human understandable” (verbal) and
“computer understandable” (mathematical) values into SI-units e.g. the size in mm - and vice versa.
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Also the derivation of the characteristic from the geometry is placed in this chain link. These standards
defines the theoretically exact feature with associated tolerances.
NOTE 14 - In some cases the theoretical limit values as defined in chain link no. 2 (e.g. defined in IS0
286 and IS0 1302) may be refined by the detailed requirements given under chain link 4
(e.g. ISO/R 1938 and IS0 4288).
4.3 Chain link no. 3 - Definitions for actual feature - characteristic or parameter : Group of General
GPS standards with the purpose to make the supplementary definitions to extend the meaning of the
theoretically exact feature, so that also the non-ideal real world geometry (actual feature characteristic)
always is unambiguous defined in relation to the tolerance indication (code symbol) on the drawing. The
definitions of actual feature characteristics in this chain link is based on sets of data points. The actual
feature shall be defined in a verbal formulation and in a mathematical expression to oblige the human
understanding of the definition as well as the computerized calculations.
NOTE 15 - The various functional requirements for geometric features may result in a need for a
number of different definitions for actual features or actual feature characteristics. If this is the case the
chain of standards shall be split up into a corresponding number of sub-chains of standards in chain
link 3, 4, 5 and 6. This is not illustrated in this issue of lSO/TR 14638.
NOTE 16 - One of the sub-chains of standards shall be chosen as the default definition of the actual
feature. The method of indication of the other sub-chain will be developed.
4.4 Chain link no. 4 - Assessment of the deviations of the workpiece - Comparison with tolerance
limits : Group of Genera/ GPS standards that defines the detailed requirements for the assessment of the
deviations of the workpiece from the one indicated on the drawing, taking into account the definitions in
chain link 2 and 3.
NOTE 17 - The standards must state the detailed rules how to compare the measurement results with
the tolerance limits to be able to prove conformance or non conformance of the workpiece with respect
to the indicated geometric characteristics and its associated tolerance on the drawing, taking into
account the uncertainty of the inspection or measuring process involved.
NOTE 18 - The infinite set of data points in the chain link 3 definition of the actual feature may be
changed by convention to a limited set of data points. In this case the chain link 4 standard is defining
the conventional true value of the indicated GPS characteristic on the drawing.
NOTE 19 - In some cases the theoretical limit values as defined in chain link no. 2 (e.g. defined in IS0
286 and IS0 1302) may be refined by the detailed requirements given under chain link 4
(e.g. ISO/R 1938 and IS0 4288).
4.5 Chain link no. 5 - Measurement equipment requirements : Group of General GPS standards
describing specific measuring equipment or types of measuring instruments. The standards define the
characteristics of measuring equipment, which are influencing the uncertainty of the measuring process in
which the equipment is involved. The standards may include values for limits of maximum permissible error
for the defined characteristics of measuring equipment.
NOTE 20 - Measuring equipment may be specific to one or more of the sub-chains of standards or may
be universal and fit a number or several actual feature definitions in the chain of standards.
NOTE 21 - A valuable task of this chain link is the harmonizing effect on the market of measuring
equipment.
4.6 Chain link no. 6 - Calibration requirements - Measurement standards : Group of General GPS
standards describing/defining the calibration standards and the calibration procedures to be used,
verifying functional requirements of the specific measuring equipment (limits of permissible error)
in chain link number 5, with traceability to the definition of the SI unit concerned - e.g. the meter.
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0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638:1995(E)
1
The Global GPS standards
or
GPS standards or related standards which deal with or influence severa
all General GPS chains of standards
-
General GPS Matrix
General GPS chains of standards
1. The Size chain of standards
2 The Distance chain of standards
3: The Radius chain of standards
4 . The Angle chain of standards
5 The Form of a line (independent of a datum) chain of standards
The Form of a line (dependent of a datum) chain of standards
6:
7 The Form of a Surface (independent of a datum) chain of standards
8: The Form of a Surface (dependent of a datum) chain of standards
9 The Orientation chain of standards
Id. The Location chain of standards
The
11 The Circular run-out chain of standards
12: The Total run-out chain of standards
Fundamental
13 . The Datums chain of standards
GPS
14. The Roughness profile chain of standards
Standards
15. The Waviness profile chain of standards
16. The Primary profile chain of standards
17 The Surface defects chain of standards
18: The Edges chain of standards
Complementary GPS Matrix
Complementary GPS chains of standards
A . Process specific tolerance standards
Al The Machining chain of standards
A21 The Casting chain of standards
A3 . The Welding chain of standards
A4. The Thermal cutting chain of standards
A5 . The Plastic moulding chain of standards
A6 l The Metallic and inorganic coating chain of standards
Al . The Painting chain of standards
B . Machine element geometry standards
The Screw thread chain of standards
Bl
B2:
The Gears chain of standards
B3. The Splines chain of standards
Figure 1: The GPS matrix model - GPS Masterplan - Overview
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
5 Masterplan in the field of Geometrical Product Specifications - GPS
The GPS masterplan (GPS matrix model) in figure 1 and the compressed General GPS matrix defined in
figure 2 shall be used to decide how the needs for standardization shall be solved, i.e. future standards
shall fit into the structure and the matrix to clarify their scope and relationship with other standards.
TO help the future needs for standardization in the field of general GPS standards, the expanded matrix
of figure 3 includes standards already existing and standards under development in the field of general
GPS; and shows the gaps to be filled. These standards are referred to by their IS0 issue number or, for
standards not yet having an IS0 number a preliminary (unofficial) number XXXYY has been used. The YYs
are serial numbers which only fulfil the needs for information in this Technical Report and does not
represent any relationship to official catalogues of IS0 Central Secretariat.
Chain link number 4 5 6
1 2 3
I I I I I I
Assessment of the
Product docu- Definition of toler- Definitions for Calibration requi-
deviations of the Measurement
Geometrical characteri- mentation indica- antes - actual feature - rements -
workpiece - Com- equipment requi-
stic of feature tion - Codifica- Theoretical defini- characteristic or Measurements
parison with toler- rements
standards
tion tion and values parameter
ante limits
1 Size
2 Distance
3 Radius
4 Angle (tolerance in
degrees)
5 Form of a line independent
of a datum
6 Form of a line dependent of
a datum
7 Form of a surface indepen-
dent of a datum
--I-
8 Form of a surface depend-
ent of a datum
1
9 Orientation
10 Location
11 Circular run out
12 Total run out
13 Datums
14 Roughness profile
15 Waviness profile
16
Primary profile
17 Surface defects
18 Edges
I
Figure 2 - The compressed “General GPS matrix” - part of the field of responsibility of ISOITC3,
ISO/TClO/SCX and ISO/TC57 (see figure 3 for the complete “General GPS matrix”).
For the future work of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and lSO/TC 57 the following 3 rules will apply for the
preparation of G PS standards:
5.1 The rule of unambiguity : Each chain of standards, assisted by Global GPS standards, shall include
the necessary definitions and rules, that unambiguity exists between the drawing indication and the
geometrical characteristics of the workpiece and that the assessed value(s) representing the characteristic
is (are) traceable to International physical calibration Standards
NOTE 22 - The rule of unambiguity is influencing the content of the standards in the various chains of
standards and the Global GPS standards, and also ensures that each measurand in the chain is mea-
surable.
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0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
consisting of individual chains of standards and
5.2 The rule of totality : The General GPS matrix -
assisted by the Global GPS standards - shall contain the necessary different possibilities that it is possible
to indicate on the drawing of all the required geometrical characteristics.
5.3 The w/e of complementarity : Each of the individual chains of standards shall be complementary to
the other.
NOTE 23 - The rule of totaMy is influencing the number of chains of standard. The rule of
complementarity ensures that the individual requirements on the drawing are independent of each
other, that no unintended interference occurs between multiple requirements.
6 Lists of GPS standards
In the Annexes A through E the lists of GPS standards are given (existing standards and standards in
various phases of development). The content is:
Annex A: Fundamental G PS standards
Annex B: Global G PS standards.
Annex C: General G PS standards.
Annex D: Complementary G PS standards - Process specific tolerance standards.
Annex E: Complementary GPS standards - Machine element geometry standards.
The lists of Annex A, B and C are complete and exhaustive at the time of issue of this Technical Report.
They are indicating all published standards and all projects of lSO/TC 3, TC 1 O/SC 5 and TC 57. The lists
of Annex D and E are not exhaustive.
The lists of Annex A - E have columns with the following indications and content:
Number: The IS0 issue number for International Standards, Amendments, Recommendations and
Technical Reports - in ascending order. For the purpose of this Technical Report, IS0 documents not yet
issue numbered are indicated by (XXXYY), where YY is a special serial number for this Technical Report
only. A few IS0 publications have no IS0 number, but are indicated by the official abbreviation (i.e. VIM).
Status: Indication of the status of the document. Standard, Amendment, Recommendation, Technical
Report or Guideline for published documents. All documents not yet edited and finalized (published) are
indicated as Projects. If a document is under revision, it is indicated by (R). If a document is subject to
withdrawal, it is indicated by (W).
Edition - Year: For published documents the edition number and edition year is indicated. For documents
not yet edited and finalized the present status is indicated:
Proposal - a first working draft is not yet distributed.
WD Working draft in a TC (Technical Committee), SC (Sub Committee), WG (Working Group) or TG
(Task Group)
CD Committee draft
DIS Draft International standard
Title: The full title of the published standard or the present working title of a WD, CD or DIS.
Pages: The number of pages in the document. The number of pages is not indicated for not yet
published documents.
TCXC: The Technical Committee and the Sub Committee responsible for the publication or project. In
some cases documents are mentioned other than those originating from normal lSO/TCs. These are
indicated in bold typeface.
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995( El
0 IS0
GLOBAL GPS STANDARDS
1, 370, 10209-3,
10579, VIM, GUM
GENERAL GPS STANDARDS
Definition of toler-
Product documen-
Geometrical charac-
Geometric sub-characteristic
tation indication - antes - Theoretical
teristic of feature
of feature or parameters
Codification definition and values
Size
Distance
Angle (tolerance in
degrees)
Form of line indepen-
dent of datum
Form of line dependant
of datum
Form of surface inde-
pendent of datum
Form of surface depen-
dant of datum
u = IS0 draft standard in progress (WD, CD or DIS) XXXYY = IS0 number not yet known (numbered YY)
Figure 3.1: Global GPS standards and the General GPS matrix
8
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0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
GLOBAL~GPS STANDARDS
I
1,370, lo209-3,105X3, VIM, GUM
L
1 al4253-1, a-2 014253-1, a-2 Ial4253-1, a-2
GENERAL”GPS STANDARDS
3 4 5 6
Assessment of the
Definitions for Calibration re-
deviations of the
actual feature- quirements -
workpiece - Compari- Measurement equipment requirements
characteristic or
Calibration
son with tolerance
parameter
standards
limits
1938 (R), 3670 (R) 1938 (R), 3670 (R)
286~I,1938 (R) Limit 1938 (R)
gauges
8015 (R)
indicating 1938 (R) 463(R),3599(R),3611,a9121,6906 (W) (R), 3650 (R)
a9493, a10360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, n-5, n-6,
measuring
al4660-1, a-2
instruments ~13385,~XXXOl,~~lS
463 (R),3599(R),6906 (R), 7863,n10360-1,
10360-2, a-3, a-4, n-5, a-6, a13385
7863, rrlO360-1, 10360-2, a-3, n-4, n-5, a-6,
a13385
nl0360-1, 10360-2, 13-3, a-4, a-5, a-6
8015 al0360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, a-6
--
nl0360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, a-6
5460 nl0360-1, 10360-2, n-3, n-4, a-5, a-6
&2780-l 546O,r=r12780-2 463 (R), 8512-1, 8512-2$9493, a12780-4
(r~10360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, a-6),
ml2780-3, ml9
i2181-1 5460$12181-2 463(R),4291 (W),4292(W), rNO360-1, rN2181-4
10360-2, a-3, n-4, a-5, "-6, al2181-3
al0360-1, 10360-2, 33-3, n-4, n-5, n-6
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q l4660-1, a-2 5460
alO360-1, 10360-2, n-3, n-4, a-5, a-6
a10360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, n-5, n-6
5460
nl4660-1, a-2 5460 1=rlO360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, a-6
5460 nl0360-1, 10360-2, a-3, n-4, a-5, a-6
~12781-4
al2781-1 5460$12781-2 463 (R), 8512-1, 8512-2$9493,
r=110360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, a-5, o-6,
n12781-3,XXX
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
01-marec-1999
6SHFLILNDFLMDJHRPHWULMHL]GHOND*ODYQLQDþUW
Geometrical product specification (GPS) -- Masterplan
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) -- Schéma directeur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 14638:1995
ICS:
17.040.01 Linearne in kotne meritve na Linear and angular
splošno measurements in general
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
TECHNICAL IS0
REPORT TR 14638
First edition
1995-12-15
Geometrical product specification
- Masterplan
(GPS)
Spkification g6om&rique des produits (GPS) - Schhma directeur
Reference number
ISO/TR 14638:1995(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Page
Contents
1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Scope
1
. . . . .*.
2 Concept of Geometrical Product Specifications
2
. . .*.
3 Definitions
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 Setup and content of chain links
5 Masterplan in the field of Geometrical Product
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specifications - GPS
7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.*.
6 Lists of GPS standards
Annexes
12
A Fundamental GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
B Global GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
14
C General GPS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.
D Complementary GPS Standards - Process specific tolerance
21
.,.*.,.
standards
E Complementary GPS Standards - Machine element geometry
26
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
standards
0 IS0 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
0 IS0 ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
International organizations, govern-
represented on that committee.
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International
Standards, but in exceptional circumstances a technical committee may
propose the publication of a Technical Report of one of the following
types:
- type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the
publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
- type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or
where for any other reason there is the future but not immediate
possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
- type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a
different kind from that which is normally published as an
International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three
years of publication, to decide whether they can be transformed into
International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily
have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
lSO/TR 14638, which is a Technical Report of type 3, was prepared by
Technical Committee ISOTTC 3, Limits and fits, and has been based on
studies carried out by the Joint Harmonization Group of ISO/TC 3, Limits
and fits, lSO/TC 10, Technical drawings, product definition and related
documentation, Subcommittee SC 5, Dimensioning and tolerancing, and
ISO/TC 57, Metrology and properties of surfaces.
The content of ISOFR 14638 is the status of the standardization on
Geometrical Product Specifications covered by the scopes of the above
Technical Committees and Subcommittee.
. . .
III
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SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
lSO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Introduction
Geometrical Product Specifications, abbreviated GPS, defines - i.e. on an
engineering drawing - the shape (geometry), dimensions and surface charac-
teristics of a workpiece which ensure optimum functioning of the workpiece in
question, together with the dispersion around the optimum where the function is
still satisfactory.
The manufacturing will nevertheless produce workpieces which are not perfect
and which will show some deviation from the optimum and from one another.
These workpieces will be measured in order to compare them with the
specification.
There is a need to relate
the workpiece imaginated by the designer,
the workpiece as manufactured,
I
the knowledge of the workpiece as measured - the actual workpiece.
To obtain this relationship and to allow mutual interpretation, standards have
been developed in the field of GPS dealing with basic definitions, symbolic
representation, measurement principles etc.
For many years, these GPS standards have been prepared by Technical
Committees (TCs) within IS0 and have been issued as soon as specific needs
were emerging, but sometimes a global view was missing. This results in
standards with a different approach and presentation, and sometimes with
contradictions. There are also gaps between the standards.
Recognizing this fact the Joint Harmonization Group of lSO/TC 3, Limits and fits,
lSO/TC 1 O/SC 5, Dimensioning and tolerancing, and ISOTTC 57, Metrology and
properties of surfaces (abbreviated lSO/TC 3-IO-57/JHG) tasked with the
harmonization of the standards of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57,
decided to structure the standards dealing with GPS according to a Masterplan
which shall be used for future standardization.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
TECHNICAL REPORT 0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
Geometrical product specification (GPS) -
Masterplan
1 Scope
This Technical Report establishes the overview of the international standardization of Geometrical
Product Specification (GPS). It explains the concept of GPS and provides a Masterplan of GPS
including the existing standards and standards to be issued in the field which is the responsibility
of ISOnC 3, lSO/TC IO/SC 5 and ISOK 57.
It also mentions GPS standards and standardization activities outside the field of responsibility of the above
mentioned technical committees (TCs). This is done in order to give complete information about the status
of international GPS standards. The non lSO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57 standards are only
referred to as examples and do not intend to be a complete and exhaustive list of complementary GPS
standards.
This Technical Report provides information to the industrial user of IS0 GPS standards and to other TCs
within ISO, which are using the content of GPS standards in their International Standards or are producing
complementary IS0 GPS standards, in order to improve the common understanding and use of GPS.
2 Concept of Geometrical Product Specifications
The concept of GPS:
- covers several kinds of standards, some are dealing with the fundamental rules of specification
(Fundamental GPS standards), some are dealing with global principles and definitions (Global GPS
standards), some are dealing directly with the geometric characteristics (General- and Complementary
GPS standards), see figure 1.
- covers several kinds of geometric characteristics such as size, distance, angle, form, location,
orientation, roughness, etc. (see chains of General GPS standards numbered 1 through 17 in figure 1).
- covers workpiece characteristics (tolerance classification) as results of several kinds of manufacturing
processes and the characteristics of specific machine elements (see chains of Complementary GPS
standards numbered Al through A7 and 61 through 83 in figure 1).
- occurs at several steps in the development of a product: design, manufacturing, metrology, quality
assurance, etc.
The concept is graphically illustrated on figure 1 indicating four different types of GPS standards, which in
total is designated the GPS matrix mode/.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
lSO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Definitions
3
For the purpose of this Technical Report the following definitions applies:
31 .
chain of standards : All related standards concerning the same geometrical characteristics.
NOTE 1 - Chains of standards applies only to the General GPS standards and the Complementary GPS
standards.
NOTE 2 - A chain of standards is characterized by the fact that each single standard, which is a part
of a link in the chain, affects the other standards, so that the full understanding and application of each
standard requires the knowledge of the other standards in the chain.
NOTE 3 - The task of all the chains of standards is to link - unambiguously - the indication on the
drawing ( e.g. the surface roughness symbol) to the SI unit of length in such a way that the tolerance
limits are defined in every case possible - irrespective of the deviations from ideal geometry of the
toleranced features, and other deviations from theoretical correct conditions - whatever they might be.
NOTE 4 - Each single standard in a chain of standards often aims at a limited and special group of
users when considering the title of a standard or the subject of the standard mentioned in the subtitles.
It is a common opinion that specific standards either belong to the design (department), the
manufacturing or to the quality assurance (measurement). The rationale is however, that each link of
the chain of standards is necessary for all parties (i.e. design, production, quality control, measuring
etc.) in order to make it possible to understand the full content of each single standard and the
definitions mentioned in each single standard in the chain.
NOTE 5 - A chain of standards consists of six chain links (numbered 1 - 6). Each link in the chain of
standards has a very special task of its own (for further information see 4).
3.2 GPS matrix mode/ : Arrangement consisting of 4 different main groups of standards:
- Fundamental GPS standards
- Global GPS standards
- General GPS standards
- Complementary G PS standards.
NOTE 6 - All GPS standards fit into the GPS matrix mode/ which form the GPS Masterplan.
3.2.1 fundamental GPS standards : Standards establishing the fundamental rules and procedures for the
GPS dimensioning and tolerancing of workpieces and products. For the time being only the Principle of
Annex A.
independency (IS0 8015) is standardized. A list of these standards is in
SO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
NOTE 7 - The Fundamental GPS standards are the responsibility of
ISO/TC 57.
ri al or all chains of Genera/ GPS
3.2.2 g/&a/ GPS standards : Standards which cover or influence seve
l l . n
standards and Complementary GPS standards. A list of these standards IS In Annex B.
NOTE 8 - The GIobal GPS standards are the responsibility of ISOTTC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
lso/Tc 57.
3.2.3 genera/ GPS matrix : Arrangement consisting of the chains of Genera/ GPS standards.
To illustrate the different aspects and relationships of these Genera/ GPS standards, the matrix of chains
of general GPS standards in figure 2 has been defined where the rows are dealing with the different
geometrical characteristics and the columns are dealing with the technical issues and requirements,
necessary for ensuring a common and unambiguous understanding. Each matrix cell in every chain of
standards has to be covered by the content of at least one standard.
2
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SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
NOTE 9 - The order according to which the columns (chain links) of the matrix are presented is based
on the natural sequence for users reading a drawing and thus understand the drawing code. It shall be
noticed that the concept (i.e. the definition of characteristics or parameters of a workpiece (actual feature
definitions) for each chain of standards) is given in column no. 3.
NOTE 10 - The order according to which the lines of the matrix in figure 2 are presented does not imply
any priority or precedence.
3.2.3.1 genera/ GPS standards : The main body of GPS standards which establishes rules for drawing
indications, definitions and verification principles for different types of geometrical characteristics.
A list of these standards is in Annex C.
NOTE 11 - The Genera/ GPS standards are the responsibility of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and
ISO/TC 57.
3.2.4 complementary GPS mafrix : Arrangement consisting of the chains of Complementary GPS
standards.
Complementary GPS standards can be arranged in chains of standards analogous to the arrangement of
the Genera/ GPS standards illustrated in figure 2.
3.2.4.1 complemenfary GPS standards : Standards establishing complementary rules for drawing
indications, definitions and verification principles for a specialized category of features or elements. These
rules depend on the type of manufacturing process and/or the type of machine element itself.
Complementary GPS standards are categorized as:
- Process specific tolerance standards (e.g. machining, casting, etc.)
NOTE 12 - Process specific tolerance standards are partly (chain Al and A2 in figure 1) the
responsibility of lSO/TC 3, lSO/TC 1 O/SC 5 and ISO/TC 57.
- Machine element geometry standards (e.g. screw threads, gears and splines)
NOTE 13 - Machine element geometry standards are not the responsibility of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TCl O/SC5,
and ISO/TC 57.
A list of these standards is in Annex D (Process specific tolerance standards) and in Annex E (Machine
element geometry standards).
4 Setup and content of chain links
The chain links are titled and has the following defined tasks in the chain of standards.
Codification : Group of General GPS
4.1 Chain link no. 1 - Product documentation indication -
standards dealing with the drawing indication of the characteristic of the work piece are placed in this chain
link. The indication is often in a sort of “coded” symbol - a symbolic representation of the geometric
characteristic. The standards define the symbols , how to use the symbol and the associated rules of
“grammar”, the small differences in the symbol, which causes a major shift in meaning.
4.2 Chain link no, 2 - Definition of tolerances - Theoretical definition and values : Group of General
GPS standards defining the numerical values related to the “code’‘-symbols, are placed in this chain link.
The standards define the rules of translating from the code to “human understandable” (verbal) and
“computer understandable” (mathematical) values into SI-units e.g. the size in mm - and vice versa.
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
Also the derivation of the characteristic from the geometry is placed in this chain link. These standards
defines the theoretically exact feature with associated tolerances.
NOTE 14 - In some cases the theoretical limit values as defined in chain link no. 2 (e.g. defined in IS0
286 and IS0 1302) may be refined by the detailed requirements given under chain link 4
(e.g. ISO/R 1938 and IS0 4288).
4.3 Chain link no. 3 - Definitions for actual feature - characteristic or parameter : Group of General
GPS standards with the purpose to make the supplementary definitions to extend the meaning of the
theoretically exact feature, so that also the non-ideal real world geometry (actual feature characteristic)
always is unambiguous defined in relation to the tolerance indication (code symbol) on the drawing. The
definitions of actual feature characteristics in this chain link is based on sets of data points. The actual
feature shall be defined in a verbal formulation and in a mathematical expression to oblige the human
understanding of the definition as well as the computerized calculations.
NOTE 15 - The various functional requirements for geometric features may result in a need for a
number of different definitions for actual features or actual feature characteristics. If this is the case the
chain of standards shall be split up into a corresponding number of sub-chains of standards in chain
link 3, 4, 5 and 6. This is not illustrated in this issue of lSO/TR 14638.
NOTE 16 - One of the sub-chains of standards shall be chosen as the default definition of the actual
feature. The method of indication of the other sub-chain will be developed.
4.4 Chain link no. 4 - Assessment of the deviations of the workpiece - Comparison with tolerance
limits : Group of Genera/ GPS standards that defines the detailed requirements for the assessment of the
deviations of the workpiece from the one indicated on the drawing, taking into account the definitions in
chain link 2 and 3.
NOTE 17 - The standards must state the detailed rules how to compare the measurement results with
the tolerance limits to be able to prove conformance or non conformance of the workpiece with respect
to the indicated geometric characteristics and its associated tolerance on the drawing, taking into
account the uncertainty of the inspection or measuring process involved.
NOTE 18 - The infinite set of data points in the chain link 3 definition of the actual feature may be
changed by convention to a limited set of data points. In this case the chain link 4 standard is defining
the conventional true value of the indicated GPS characteristic on the drawing.
NOTE 19 - In some cases the theoretical limit values as defined in chain link no. 2 (e.g. defined in IS0
286 and IS0 1302) may be refined by the detailed requirements given under chain link 4
(e.g. ISO/R 1938 and IS0 4288).
4.5 Chain link no. 5 - Measurement equipment requirements : Group of General GPS standards
describing specific measuring equipment or types of measuring instruments. The standards define the
characteristics of measuring equipment, which are influencing the uncertainty of the measuring process in
which the equipment is involved. The standards may include values for limits of maximum permissible error
for the defined characteristics of measuring equipment.
NOTE 20 - Measuring equipment may be specific to one or more of the sub-chains of standards or may
be universal and fit a number or several actual feature definitions in the chain of standards.
NOTE 21 - A valuable task of this chain link is the harmonizing effect on the market of measuring
equipment.
4.6 Chain link no. 6 - Calibration requirements - Measurement standards : Group of General GPS
standards describing/defining the calibration standards and the calibration procedures to be used,
verifying functional requirements of the specific measuring equipment (limits of permissible error)
in chain link number 5, with traceability to the definition of the SI unit concerned - e.g. the meter.
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638:1995(E)
1
The Global GPS standards
or
GPS standards or related standards which deal with or influence severa
all General GPS chains of standards
-
General GPS Matrix
General GPS chains of standards
1. The Size chain of standards
2 The Distance chain of standards
3: The Radius chain of standards
4 . The Angle chain of standards
5 The Form of a line (independent of a datum) chain of standards
The Form of a line (dependent of a datum) chain of standards
6:
7 The Form of a Surface (independent of a datum) chain of standards
8: The Form of a Surface (dependent of a datum) chain of standards
9 The Orientation chain of standards
Id. The Location chain of standards
The
11 The Circular run-out chain of standards
12: The Total run-out chain of standards
Fundamental
13 . The Datums chain of standards
GPS
14. The Roughness profile chain of standards
Standards
15. The Waviness profile chain of standards
16. The Primary profile chain of standards
17 The Surface defects chain of standards
18: The Edges chain of standards
Complementary GPS Matrix
Complementary GPS chains of standards
A . Process specific tolerance standards
Al The Machining chain of standards
A21 The Casting chain of standards
A3 . The Welding chain of standards
A4. The Thermal cutting chain of standards
A5 . The Plastic moulding chain of standards
A6 l The Metallic and inorganic coating chain of standards
Al . The Painting chain of standards
B . Machine element geometry standards
The Screw thread chain of standards
Bl
B2:
The Gears chain of standards
B3. The Splines chain of standards
Figure 1: The GPS matrix model - GPS Masterplan - Overview
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
0 IS0
5 Masterplan in the field of Geometrical Product Specifications - GPS
The GPS masterplan (GPS matrix model) in figure 1 and the compressed General GPS matrix defined in
figure 2 shall be used to decide how the needs for standardization shall be solved, i.e. future standards
shall fit into the structure and the matrix to clarify their scope and relationship with other standards.
TO help the future needs for standardization in the field of general GPS standards, the expanded matrix
of figure 3 includes standards already existing and standards under development in the field of general
GPS; and shows the gaps to be filled. These standards are referred to by their IS0 issue number or, for
standards not yet having an IS0 number a preliminary (unofficial) number XXXYY has been used. The YYs
are serial numbers which only fulfil the needs for information in this Technical Report and does not
represent any relationship to official catalogues of IS0 Central Secretariat.
Chain link number 4 5 6
1 2 3
I I I I I I
Assessment of the
Product docu- Definition of toler- Definitions for Calibration requi-
deviations of the Measurement
Geometrical characteri- mentation indica- antes - actual feature - rements -
workpiece - Com- equipment requi-
stic of feature tion - Codifica- Theoretical defini- characteristic or Measurements
parison with toler- rements
standards
tion tion and values parameter
ante limits
1 Size
2 Distance
3 Radius
4 Angle (tolerance in
degrees)
5 Form of a line independent
of a datum
6 Form of a line dependent of
a datum
7 Form of a surface indepen-
dent of a datum
--I-
8 Form of a surface depend-
ent of a datum
1
9 Orientation
10 Location
11 Circular run out
12 Total run out
13 Datums
14 Roughness profile
15 Waviness profile
16
Primary profile
17 Surface defects
18 Edges
I
Figure 2 - The compressed “General GPS matrix” - part of the field of responsibility of ISOITC3,
ISO/TClO/SCX and ISO/TC57 (see figure 3 for the complete “General GPS matrix”).
For the future work of ISO/TC 3, ISO/TC lo/SC 5 and lSO/TC 57 the following 3 rules will apply for the
preparation of G PS standards:
5.1 The rule of unambiguity : Each chain of standards, assisted by Global GPS standards, shall include
the necessary definitions and rules, that unambiguity exists between the drawing indication and the
geometrical characteristics of the workpiece and that the assessed value(s) representing the characteristic
is (are) traceable to International physical calibration Standards
NOTE 22 - The rule of unambiguity is influencing the content of the standards in the various chains of
standards and the Global GPS standards, and also ensures that each measurand in the chain is mea-
surable.
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
consisting of individual chains of standards and
5.2 The rule of totality : The General GPS matrix -
assisted by the Global GPS standards - shall contain the necessary different possibilities that it is possible
to indicate on the drawing of all the required geometrical characteristics.
5.3 The w/e of complementarity : Each of the individual chains of standards shall be complementary to
the other.
NOTE 23 - The rule of totaMy is influencing the number of chains of standard. The rule of
complementarity ensures that the individual requirements on the drawing are independent of each
other, that no unintended interference occurs between multiple requirements.
6 Lists of GPS standards
In the Annexes A through E the lists of GPS standards are given (existing standards and standards in
various phases of development). The content is:
Annex A: Fundamental G PS standards
Annex B: Global G PS standards.
Annex C: General G PS standards.
Annex D: Complementary G PS standards - Process specific tolerance standards.
Annex E: Complementary GPS standards - Machine element geometry standards.
The lists of Annex A, B and C are complete and exhaustive at the time of issue of this Technical Report.
They are indicating all published standards and all projects of lSO/TC 3, TC 1 O/SC 5 and TC 57. The lists
of Annex D and E are not exhaustive.
The lists of Annex A - E have columns with the following indications and content:
Number: The IS0 issue number for International Standards, Amendments, Recommendations and
Technical Reports - in ascending order. For the purpose of this Technical Report, IS0 documents not yet
issue numbered are indicated by (XXXYY), where YY is a special serial number for this Technical Report
only. A few IS0 publications have no IS0 number, but are indicated by the official abbreviation (i.e. VIM).
Status: Indication of the status of the document. Standard, Amendment, Recommendation, Technical
Report or Guideline for published documents. All documents not yet edited and finalized (published) are
indicated as Projects. If a document is under revision, it is indicated by (R). If a document is subject to
withdrawal, it is indicated by (W).
Edition - Year: For published documents the edition number and edition year is indicated. For documents
not yet edited and finalized the present status is indicated:
Proposal - a first working draft is not yet distributed.
WD Working draft in a TC (Technical Committee), SC (Sub Committee), WG (Working Group) or TG
(Task Group)
CD Committee draft
DIS Draft International standard
Title: The full title of the published standard or the present working title of a WD, CD or DIS.
Pages: The number of pages in the document. The number of pages is not indicated for not yet
published documents.
TCXC: The Technical Committee and the Sub Committee responsible for the publication or project. In
some cases documents are mentioned other than those originating from normal lSO/TCs. These are
indicated in bold typeface.
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
ISO/TR 14638: 1995( El
0 IS0
GLOBAL GPS STANDARDS
1, 370, 10209-3,
10579, VIM, GUM
GENERAL GPS STANDARDS
Definition of toler-
Product documen-
Geometrical charac-
Geometric sub-characteristic
tation indication - antes - Theoretical
teristic of feature
of feature or parameters
Codification definition and values
Size
Distance
Angle (tolerance in
degrees)
Form of line indepen-
dent of datum
Form of line dependant
of datum
Form of surface inde-
pendent of datum
Form of surface depen-
dant of datum
u = IS0 draft standard in progress (WD, CD or DIS) XXXYY = IS0 number not yet known (numbered YY)
Figure 3.1: Global GPS standards and the General GPS matrix
8
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
SIST ISO/TR 14638:1999
0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(E)
GLOBAL~GPS STANDARDS
I
1,370, lo209-3,105X3, VIM, GUM
L
1 al4253-1, a-2 014253-1, a-2 Ial4253-1, a-2
GENERAL”GPS STANDARDS
3 4 5 6
Assessment of the
Definitions for Calibration re-
deviations of the
actual feature- quirements -
workpiece - Compari- Measurement equipment requirements
characteristic or
Calibration
son with tolerance
parameter
standards
limits
1938 (R), 3670 (R) 1938 (R), 3670 (R)
286~I,1938 (R) Limit 1938 (R)
gauges
8015 (R)
indicating 1938 (R) 463(R),3599(R),3611,a9121,6906 (W) (R), 3650 (R)
a9493, a10360-1, 10360-2, a-3, a-4, n-5, n-6,
measuring
al4660-1, a-2
...
Is0
RAPPORT
TR 14638
TECHNIQUE
Premiere bdition
1995-l 2-l 5
Spbcification gbombtrique des produits
- Schbma directeur
WS)
Geome trkal product specification (G PS) - Mas terplan
Numb0 de rkf&ence
ISO/TR ?4638:1995(F)
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
Sommaire
1 Domaine d ’application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Concept de la specification geometrique des produits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Description et contenu des maillons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5 Schema directeur dans le domaine de la specification geometrique des
produits - GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Liste de normes GPS 8
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Normes GPS de base 14
B Normes GPS globales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C Chames de normes GPS generales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
D Chames de normes GPS complementaires - Normes de tolerances en
fonction du procede . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
E Chames de normes GPS complementaires - Normes definissant la
geometric de produits (composants) particuliers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
0 IS0 1995
Droits de reproduction reserves. Sauf prescription differente, aucune par-tie de cette publication ne
peut &r-e reproduite ni utilik sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro&de, electronique
ou mkcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord k-it de Miteur.
Organisation intemationale de normalisation
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Suisse
Imprime en Suisse
ii
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1SOLr.R 14638: 1995(F)
0 IS0
Avant-propos
L ’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation mondiale
d ’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membres de l’IS0). L ’elaboration
des Normes internationales est en general confide aux comites techniques de 1 ’ISO.
Chaque comite membre interesse par une etude a le droit de faire partie du comite
technique cr&? a cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent egalement aux travaux. L ’ISO
collabore etroitement avec la Commission electrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce
qui concerne la normalisation electrotechnique.
La t&he principale des comites techniques est d ’elaborer les Normes internationales,
mais exceptionnellement, un comite technique peut proposer la publication d ’un
rapport technique de l’un des types suivants:
- type 1, lorsque, en depit de maints efforts, l’accord requis ne peut etre realise en
faveur de la publication d ’une Nor-me internationale;
- type 2, lorsque le sujet en question est encore en tours de developpement
technique ou lorsque, pout toute autre raison, la possibilite d ’un accord pour la
publication d ’une Norme internationale peut etre envisagee pour l’avenir mais pas
dans l’imrkdiat;
- type 3, lorsqu ’un comite technique a reuni des don&es de nature differente de
celles qui sont normalement publiees comme Normes internationales (ceci
pouvant comprendre des informations sur l’etat de la technique, par exemple).
Les rapports techniques des types 1 et 2 font l’objet d ’un nouvel examen trois ans au
plus tard apres leur publication afin de decider eventuellement de leur transformation
en Normes internationales. Les rapports techniques du type 3 ne doivent pas
necessairement etre revises avant que les donnees fournies ne soient plus jugees
valables ou utiles.
L ’ISO/TR 14638, rapport technique du type 3, a ete elabore par le comite technique
ISO/TC 3, Ajustements, et tient compte des etudes menees par le groupe
d ’harmonisation joint entre 1 ’ISORC 3, Ajustements, l’ISO/TC 10, Dessins techniques,
del’finition de produits et documentation y relative, sous-comite SC 5, Cotation et
tolelrancement, et 1 ’ISOfIC 57, Me ’ttrologie et proprie’te ’s des sutiaces.
L ’ISO/TR 14638 presente le point de la normalisation relative a la specification
geometrique des produits, qui est du ressort des comites techniques et sous-comite
0
susmentionnes.
. . .
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
0 IS0
Introduction
La specification geometrique des produits, symbolisee GPS, consiste a definir, au travers d ’un dessin de
definition, la forme (geometric), les dimensions et les caracteristiques de surface d ’une piece qui en assurent
un fonctionnement optimal, ainsi que la dispersion autour de cet optimal pour laquelle la fonction est
toujours satisfaite.
La fabrication produira des pieces qui ne sont pas parfaites, et qui presentent des &arts par rapport a
l’optimal d ’une part et d ’une piece a l’autre d ’autre part.
Ces pieces seront mesurees afin de les comparer a la specification.
11 est necessaire de pouvoir relier :
- la piece imaginee par le concepteur ;
- la piece fabriquee ;
- la connaissance de la piece obtenue par mesurage, de la piece effective.
Pour que cette relation puisse se faire et pour permettre une comprehension mutuelle, des normes ont ete
developpees dans le domaine GPS, traitant des definitions de base, de la representation symbolique, des
principes de mesure, etc.
Pendant de nombreuses annees, ces normes GPS ont ete preparees et publiees par des comites techniques
(TC) de I’ISO au fur et a mesure que des besoins specifiques se faisaient jour, mais sans disposer d ’une
vision globale. Cela a don& des normes presentant une approche et une presentation differentes, et parfois
meme des contradictions. 11 existe egalement des lacunes entre ces normes.
Conscient de ce fait, le groupe d ’harmonisation joint entre l’ISO/TC 3 “Ajustement ”, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5
“Cotation et tolerancement ”, et l’ISO/TC 57 “Metrologie et proprietes des surfaces” (identifie ISO/TC 3-10-
57/JHG), charge d ’assurer l’harmonisation des normes de ces 3 instances, a decide de structurer les normes
GPS suivant un schema directeur qui sera utilise pour les travaux futurs.
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RAPPORT TECHNIQUE 0 IS0 ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
Spkification geometrique des produits (GPS) -
Schbma
directeur
1 Domaine d ’application
Le present Rapport Techni.que presente la vue d ’ensemble de la normalisation internationale dans le domaine
de la specification geometrique des produits (GPS). 11 explique le concept GPS et foumit un schema
directeur sur les normes existantes et a etablir relevant de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5
et l’ISO/TC 57.
11 mentionne aussi des normes et travaux de normalisation GPS qui sont en dehors du domaine de
responsabilite des comites (TCs) mentionnes ci-dessus, afin
de completer l’information sur les normes
intemationales GPS. Ces normes, qui ne relevent pas de l’ISO/TC 3, TC lo/SC 5 et TC 57, ne sont citees
qu ’a titre d ’exemples et ne constituent pas une liste complete et exhaustive des normes GPS
complementaires.
Ce rapport technique foumit des informations aux utilisateurs industriels des normes GPS ainsi qu ’aux TCs
de I’ISO qui utilisent le contenu des normes GPS dans leurs propres normes intemationales ou qui
produisent des normes IS0 GPS complementaires, afin d ’ameliorer la comprehension mutuelle et l’utilisation
du concept GPS.
2 Concept de la spkcification gComCtrique des produits
Le concept GPS :
- couvre plusieurs types de normes, parmi lesquelles certaines traitent des regles de base pour la
specification (normes GPS de base), d ’autres traitent des principes et definitions globales (norme GPS
globales), et d ’autres encore ont directement trait aux caracteristiques geometriques (normes GPS
g&&ales et complementaires), voir figure 1.
- couvre plusieurs types de caracteristiques geometriques, telles que taille, distance, angle, forme,
position, orientation, rugosite, etc. (voir les chakes de normes GPS g&kales numerotees de 1 a 17 a la
figure 1).
- traite des caracteristiques des pieces (systemes de tolerances) resultant de differents procedes de
fabrication et des caracteristiques de produits (composants) specifiques (voir les chaines de normes GPS
complementaires, numerotees Al a A7 et B 1 a B3 a la figure 1).
- intervient aux differentes etapes de developpement d ’un produit : conception, fabrication, mesurage,
assurance de la qualite, etc.
Ce concept est illustre graphiquement a la figure 1, qui identifie quatre types differents de normes GPS,
lesquels forment le modele de la matrice GPS.
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
0 IS0
DiXinitions
3
Pour les besoins du present Rapport Technique, les definitions suivantes s ’appliquent.
3.1 chaine de normes : Ensemble des normes relatives a la meme caracteristique geometrique.
NOTE 1 - Seules les normes GPS g&&ales et complementaires constituent des chakes de normes.
NOTE 2 - Une chake de normes est caracterisee par le fait que toute norme individuelle, appartenant a
un maillon de la chaine, affecte les autres normes, de sorte que la comprehension globale et l’application
de chacune des normes requiert la connaissance des autres normes de la cha?ne.
NOTE 3 - L ’objectif des “chakes de normes” est de relier, sans ambigu ’ite, l’indication sur le dessin (par
exemple le symbole de rugosite de surface) a l’unite SI de longueur, de sorte que les limites de la
tolerance puissent etre definies pour chaque cas possible, quelles qu ’elles puissent etre et
independamment des &arts de l’element tolerance par rapport a la geometric ideale et d ’autres &arts par
rapport aux conditions theoriques correctes.
NOTE 4 - Dans une chake de norme, toute norme individuelle, si on s ’en tient a son titre ou aux sujets
decrits dans les sous-titres, s ’adresse a un groupe limite et specialise d ’utilisateurs. On considere souvent
que certaines normes relevent de la conception (bureau d ’etudes), de la fabrication ou de l’assurance de la
qualite (mesurage). 11 faut argumenter au contraire que tous les maillons d ’une chake de normes sont
necessaires pour toutes les parties (c ’est-a-dire conception, production, controle qualite, mesurage, etc.)
afin de permettre la comprehension du contenu complet de chacune des normes et des definitions y
figurant.
NOTE 5 - Une chame de normes est constituee de 6 maillons (numerates de 1 a 6), ayant chacun un role
specifique a remplir (voir article 4 pour de plus amples renseignements).
3.2 matrice GPS : Structure constituee de 4 groupes principaux de normes:
- les normes GPS de base
- les normes GPS globales
- les normes GPS g&kales
- les normes GPS complementaires.
NOTE 6 - Toutes les normes GPS rentrent dans la matrice GPS qui constitue le schema directeur GPS.
3.2.1 normes GPS de base : Normes presentant les regles et procedures de base pour la cotation et le
Pour l’instant, seul le principe d ’independance (IS0 8015) est
tolerancement des pieces et produits.
normalise. La liste de ces normes est donnee en annexe A.
NOTE 7 - Les normes GPS de base sont de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et
l’ISO/TC 57.
3.2.2 normes GPS globales: Normes qui concement ou influencent tout ou partie des chaines de normes
GPS g&&ales et complementaires. La liste de ces normes est donnee en annexe B.
NOTE 8 - Les normes GPS globales sont de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et
l’ISO/TC 57.
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0 IS0 ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
3.2.3 matrice GPS g&hale : Ensemble des chames de normes GPS g&kales
Pour illustrer les differents aspects de ces, normes GPS g&kales et leurs relations, une matrice des chai ‘nes
de normes g&&ales a ete definie (figure 2) ; les lignes de cette matrice concement les differentes
caracteristiques geometriques et les colonnes les considerations et exigences techniques, necessaires a une
comprehension commune et univoque. Les cases de la matrice ainsi obtenues pour chaque chame de normes
doivent faire l’objet d ’une norme au-moins.
NOTE 9 - L ’ordre de presentation des colonnes (maillons) de la matrice correspond a l’ordre nature1 pour
le lecteur d ’un dessin, c ’est-a-dire l’ordre de decodage de l’information. 11 faut noter que le concept
correspondant a chaque chake de normes (a savoir definition des caracteristiques ou parametres de la
piece - definitions des elements extraits) figure en colonne no 3.
NOTE 10 - L ’ordre suivant lequel les lignes de la matrice sont presentees a la figure 2 n ’implique aucun
priorite ni preseance.
3.2.3.1 normes GPS g6n6rales : Normes qui constituent le noyau des normes GPS, qui etablit des regles
pour l’indication sur les dessins, les definitions et les principes de verification, applicables a differents types
de caracteristiques geometriques.
La liste de ces normes est donnee en Annexe C.
NOTE 11 - Les normes GPS g&kales sont de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3, I’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et
l’ISO/TC 57.
3.2.4 matrice GPS compl6mentaire : Ensemble des chailnes de normes GPS complementaires
Les normes GPS complementaires peuvent etre organisees en chames de normes, de la meme faGon que les
normes GPS g&&ales le sont a la figure 2.
3.2.4.1 normes GPS complbmentaires : Normes qui etablissent des regles complementaires d ’indication
sur le dessin, de definitions et de principes de verification pour une categoric particuliere d ’elements ou de
composants. Ces regles dependent du procede de fabrication et/au du type de produit (composant) lui-meme.
Les normes GPS complementaires sont classees en :
- normes de tolkrances en fonction du pro&d6 (par exemple usinage, fonderie etc.).
NOTE 12 - Certaines normes appartenant a cette categoric sont de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3,
l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et l’ISO/TC 57 (chakes Al et A2 a la figure 1).
- normes definissant la gkometrie de produits (composants) particuliers (par exemple filetages,
engrenages, cannelures).
Les normes de cette categoric ne sont pas de la responsabilite de l’ISO/TC 3,
NOTE 13 -
l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et l’ISO/TC 57.
Une liste de ces normes est donnee en Annexe D (normes de tolerance en fonction du procede) et en Annexe
E (normes de geometric pour des produits particuliers).
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
0 IS0
4 Description et contenu des maillons
L ’intitule des maillons et leur role dans les chaines de normes sont definis ci-dessous :
4.1 Maillon no1 - Indication dans la documentation du produit - Codification
Ces normes GPS g&&ales traitent de la fac;on d ’indiquer sur le dessin la caracteristique de la piece. Cette
indication se presente souvent sous la forme d ’un symbole code, qui est une representation symbolique de la
caracteristique geometrique. Ces normes definissent les symboles, la facon de les utiliser et les regles de
correspondantes, les variantes de symbole auxquelles sont associees des significations
“grammaire”
differentes.
4.2 Maillon no2 - Definition des tolerances - Definition theorique et valeurs
Ces normes GPS g&&ales definissent les valeurs numeriques associees aux symboles codes. Ces normes
fixent les regles permettant de traduire le code en valeurs exprimees en unites SI “comprehensibles pour
l’homme” (expression textuelle) et “comprehensibles pour l’informatique” (expression mathematique), par
exemple la dimension en mm, et reciproquement.
Ce maillon traite aussi de la facon de determiner la caracteristique a partir de la geometric. Ces normes
definissent l’element theorique nominal et ses tolerances.
NOTE 14 - Dans certains cas, les limites theoriques du maillon no2 (definies par exemple dans I’ISO 286
et I’ISO 1302) sont modifiees par les exigences detaillees du maillon 4 (par exemple l’ISO/R1938 et I’ISO
4288).
4.3 Maillon no3 - Definitions des caracteristiques ou parametres de l’element extrait
Ces normes GPS g&&ales ont pour but de fixer les definitions supplementaires qui etendent le concept de
l’element theorique nominal, afin que la geometric du monde reel qui s ’eloigne du nominal (caracteristique
de l’element extrait) puisse etre comparee sans ambiguite a l’indication de tolerance du dessin (symbole
code). Les definitions des caracteristiques de l’element extrait que l’on trouve dans ce maillon sont basees sur
des ensembles de points. L ’element extrait doit etre defini sous une forme textuelle et sous une forme
mathematique pour permettre aussi bien la comprehension humaine de la definition que le calcul par
ordinateur .
NOTE 15 - Les exigences fonctionnelles differentes auxquelles doivent repondre les elements
geometriques peuvent rendre necessaire un ensemble de definitions differentes des elements extraits et de
leurs caracteristiques. Dans ce cas, les chaines de normes sont subdivisees en plusieurs sous-chaines de
normes pour les maillons 3,4, 5 et 6. Ceci n ’est pas illustre dans cette version de l’ISO/TR 14638.
NOTE 16 - Une des sous-chaines de normes doit correspondre a la definition par defaut de l’element
extrait. Des methodes d ’indication des autres sous-chakes seront developpees.
4.4 Maillon no4 - Evaluation des &arts de la piece - Comparaison avec les limites de la tolerance
Ces normes GPS g&&ales definissent les exigences detaillees necessaires a l’evaluation des &arts de la
piece par rapport a l’indication du dessin, en tenant compte des definitions des maillons 2 et 3.
NOTE 17 - Les normes doivent specifier de facon detaillee comment comparer les resultats de mesure
aux limites de tolerances, pour pouvoir decider de la conformite ou de la non-conformite de la piece aux
en tenant comte de l’incertitude du
caracteristiques geometriques indiquees et tolerancees sur le dessin,
procede de mesure ou de controle mis en oeuvre.
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0 IS0 ISO/T.R 14638: 1995(F)
NOTE 18 - L ’ensemble infini de points de la definition de l’element extrait suivant le maillon 3 peut etre
transforme par convention en un ensemble fini. Dans ce cas, la norme du maillon 4 definit la valeur
conventionnellement vraie de la caracteristique GPS indiquee sur le dessin.
KOTE 19 - Dans certains cas, les limites theoriques du maillon no2 (definies par exemple dans I’ISO 286
et 1 ’ISO 1302) sont modifiees par les exigences detaillees du maillon 4 (par exemple l’ISO/R1938 et 1 ’ISO
4288).
4.5 Maillon no5 - Exigences pour l’kquipement de mesure
Ces normes GPS g&k-ales decrivent des equipements de mesure specifiques ou des types d ’instruments de
mesure. Elles definissent les caracteristiques qui influencent l’incertitude du procede de mesure dans lequel
l’equipement est utilise. Ces normes peuvent fixer les limites d ’erreur maximales pour les caracteristiques
definies de l’equipement de mesure.
NOTE 20 - L ’equipement de mesure peut etre adapte a une ou plusieurs chaines de normes ou peut etre
universe1 et convenir a plusieurs definitions de l’element extrait des differentes chames de normes.
NOTE 21 - Une tache interessante de ce maillon est l’harmonisation du marche de l’equipement de
mesure.
4.6 Maillon no6 - Exigences d ’ktalonnage - Etalons d ’&alonnage
Ces norme GPS g&&ales decrivent/definissent les etalons d ’etalonnage et les procedures d ’etalonnage a
utiliser pour verifier les exigences fonctionnelles d ’equipements de mesure specifiques @mites d ’erreur
tolerees) du maillon n ”5, et assurer la tracabilite a la definition de l’unite SI concernee, par exemple le metre.
5
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0 IS0
ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
Normes GPS globales
Normes GPS et normes associees qui concement ou influencent tout
ou partie des chailnes de normes GPS g&kales.
Matrice GPS g&hale
Chaines de normes GPS g&kales
1 La chame Taille
2 La chaine Distance
3 La chaine Rayon
4 La chaine Angle
Normes
5 La chaine Forme d ’une ligne (independante d ’une reference)
6 La chaine Forme d ’une ligne (dependant d ’une reference)
7 La chaine Forme d ’une surface (independante d ’une reference)
8 La chake Forme d ’une surface (dependant d ’une reference)
9 La chaine Orientation
GPS
10 La chaine Position
11 La chabe Battement circulaire
12 La chake Battement total
13 La chame References
14 La chake Profil de rugosite
15 La chake Profil d ’ondulation
de base
16 La chaine Profil primaire
17 La chalne Defauts de surface
18 La chake Aretes
Matrice GPS complkmentaire
Chaiines de normes GPS complbmentaires
A. Normes de tolkrances en fonction du pro&d6
A. 1 La cha?ne Usinage
A.2 La chaine Fonderie
A.3 La chame Soudage
A.4 La chabe Decoupe thermique
A.5 La chake Moulage plastique
A.6 La cha?ne Revetement metallique et non organique
A.7 La chake Peinture
B. Normes dhfinissant la ghometrie de produits (composants)
particuliers
B. 1 La chaine Filetages
B.2 La chailne Engrenages
B.3 La chame Cannelures
Figure 1 - Matrice GPS - Vue d ’ensemble du schkma directeur GPS
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
Schema directeur dans le domaine de la spkification gComCtrique des
5
produits - GPS
Le schema directeur (matrice GPS) de la figure 1 et la matrice GPS g&&ale reduite de la figure 2 doivent
etre utilises pour decider comment resoudre les besoins en normalisation dans ce domaine : les futures
normes doivent rentrer dans la structure definie et la matrice doit aider a clarifier leur but et leurs relations
avec les autres normes.
La matrice completee de la figure 3 a pour but d ’aider a resoudre les besoins futurs ; elle identifie les normes
existantes et celles en preparation dans le domaine des normes g&&ales GPS. Elle montre done les
principales lacunes a combler. Ces normes sont rep&es par leur reference ISO, ou pour celles qui n ’ont pas
encore de numero par une reference provisoire (informelle) sous la forme XXXYY. YY est un numero
chronologique uniquement destine aux besoins de ce rapport technique ; il n ’a aucune relation avec le
catalogue officiel du Secretariat Central de I’ISO.
6
1 2 3 4 5
Maillon no
Indication dans Definition des Definitions des Evaluation des Exigences pour Exigences
la tolerances - caracteristiques &arts de la l’equipement de d ’etalonnage -
Caracteristique
documentation Definition ou parametres piece - mesure Etalons
geometrique
theorique et de IWment Comparaison d ’etalonnage
de l’element du
valeurs extrait avec les limites
produit -
de la tolerance
Codification
1 Taille
3 Rayon
4 Angle (colkrance en
degrks)
5 Forme d ’une ligne
(independante d ’un
rkfkence)
6 Forme d ’une ligne
(dependant d ’un
refkrence)
7 Forme d ’une surface
(independante d ’une
reference)
8 Forme d ’une surface
(dependant d ’une
rkf&-ence)
9 Orientation
10 Position
11 Battement circulaire
12 Battement total
13 Rkfkrences
14 Profil de rugositk
15 Profil d ’ondukkion
16 Profil primaire
~ 17 Defauts de surface
Figure 2 - Matrice GPS g&&ale rkduite, de la responsabilite de l’ISO/T.C 3, TC lQ/SC 5 et
TC 57 (Voir en figure 3 la mZme matrice complktee).
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ISO/TR 14638: 1995(F)
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Pour les travaux futurs de l’ISO/TC 3, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et l’ISO/TC 57, les trois regles suivantes
s ’appliqueront a la preparation des normes GPS.
5.1 RGgle d ’univocit6
Chaque chake de normes, accompagnee des normes GPS globales, doit inclure les definitions et regles
necessaires pour assurer l’univocite entre l’indication du dessin et les caracteristiques geometriques de la
piece, et la traGabilite de la (des) valeur(s) evaluee(s) pour rep&enter la caracteristique aux etalons
d ’etalonnage physiques intemationaux.
NOTE 22 - La regle d ’univocite influence le contenu des normes des diverses chames de normes et les
normes GPS globales ; elle assure aussi que chaque mesurande de la chan-re soit mesurable.
5.2 Rggle d ’exhaustivitg
La matrice GPS g&kale, constituee des chaines de normes individuelles et accompagnee des normes GPS
globales, doit contenir tout ce qui est necessaire pour que les caracteristiques geometriques requises puissent
etre indiquees sur un dessin.
5.3 R&gle de compEmentarit6
Les chaines de normes individuelles doivent etre complementaires les unes des autres.
La regle d ’exhaustivite influence le nombre de chaines de normes. La regle de
rvTOTE 23 -
complementarite a pour but que les exigences individuelles du dessin soient independantes les unes des
autres, pour eviter une interference involontaire entre plusieurs exigences.
6 Liste de normes GPS
Les annexes A a E donnent la liste des normes GPS (normes existantes et normes en tours d ’elaboration) a
savoir :
Annexe A : Normes GPS de base
Annexe B : Normes GPS globales
Annexe C : Normes GPS g&kales
Annexe D : Normes GPS complementaires - Normes de tolerances en fonction du procede
Annexe E : Normes GPS complementaires - Normes de geometric de produits (composants) particuliers.
Les listes des annexes A, B, et C sont completes et exhaustives a la date de publication de ce rapport
technique ; elles indiquent les normes existantes et en projet relevant de l’ISO/TC 3, l’ISO/TC lo/SC 5 et
l’ISO/TC 57. Les listes des annexes D et E ne sont pas exhaustives.
Les annexes A a E cornportent des colonnes qui donnent les informations suivantes :
Numkro : Numero d ’edition IS0 des normes, amendements, recommandations et rapports techniques, en
ordre croissant. Pour les besoins de ce rapport technique il a ete attribue aux documents IS0 qui n ’ont pas
encore recu un numero d ’edition, un numero specifique, sous la forme XXXYY, ou YY represente un
numero d ’ordre. Quelques documents IS0 n ’ont pas de numero IS0 et sont references par leur code officiel
(exemple : VIM).
8
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
0 IS0
ISO/T-R 14638: 1995(F)
Statut : Indication du statut du document (norme, amendement, recommandation, rapport technique ou
guide) pour les documents publies. Pour les documents non encore publies sous forme definitive, il est
indique “projet ”. Les documents en tours de revision sont rep&es (R) et ceux en tours d ’annulation (W).
Edition - Annke : Le rang de l’edition et l’annee d ’edition des documents publies sont indiques. Pour les
autres, il est indique :
Proposition ; un premier document de travail n ’est pas encore disponible,
WD Document de travail dans un TC (Comite technique), SC (Sous-comite), GT (Groupe de travail) ou
TG (Groupe d ’experts),
CD Projet de comite,
DIS Projet de norme internationale.;
Titre : Titre complet du document publie ou du document disponible (WD, CD ou DIS)
Pages : Nombre de pages du document. Le nombres de pages des documents non publies n ’est pas indique.
TC/SC : Comite technique et sous-comite responsable du document. Dans certains cas sont indiques des
documents ne provenant pas des ISO/TCs. L ’instance d ’origine est alors notee en caracteres gras.
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISOfI ’R 14638: 1995(F) 0 IS0
NORMES GPS GLOBALES
1,370, 10209-3, 10579, VIM, GUM
NORMES GPS GfiNfiRALES
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