ISO/TR 9790-4:1989
(Main)Road vehicles — Anthropomorphic side impact dummy — Part 4: Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of dummy
Road vehicles — Anthropomorphic side impact dummy — Part 4: Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of dummy
Véhicules routiers — Mannequin anthropomorphe pour essai de choc latéral — Partie 4: Caractéristiques de réponse de l'épaule à un choc latéral permettant d'évaluer la biofidélité d'un mannequin
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TECHNICAL
IS0
REPORT
TR 9790-4
First edition
1989-05-01
Road vehicles - Anthropomorphic side impact
dummy -
Part 4 :
Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to
assess biofidelity of dummy
Mannequin anthropomorphe pour essai de choc /at&al -
Whicules rou tiers -
Pat-tie 4 : Caracttkistiques de rdponse de Mpaule 9 un choc latkal permettant
d%valuer la biofid&?t! d’un mannequin
Reference number
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (El
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of IS0 technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In ex-
ceptional circumstances a technical committee may propose the publication of a
technical report of one of the following types:
-
type 1, when the necessary support within the technical committee cannot be
obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
-
type 2, when the subject is still under technical development requiring wider
exposure;
-
type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for
example).
Technical reports are accepted for publication directly by IS0 Council. Technical
reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to
decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical
reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are
considered to be no longer valid or useful.
ISO/TR 9790-4, which is a technical report of type 3, was prepared by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles.
ISO/TR 9790 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles -
Anthropomorphic side impact dummy:
-
Part 7 : Lateral head impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 2: Lateral neck impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 3: Lateral thoracic impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 4: Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 5: Lateral abdominal impact response requirements to assess biofidelity
of dummy
-
Part 6: Lateral pelvis impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1989
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
TECHNICAL REPORT
- Anthropomorphic side impact dummy -
Road vehicles
Part 4 I
Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess
biofidelity of dummy
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The impact response requirement presented in this Technical Report is
1 evaluation of data selected from experiments
the result of a critica
being the best and most up-to-date information
agreed to by experts as
available.
A single dynamic response requirement is defined for lateral loading of
the shoulder. It is based on impact tests conducted by Association
Peugeot-Renault using unembalmed cadavers (1). A second requirement is
implict in the lateral neck bending requirement that is based on Ewing
et al (2) human volunteer data. In those sled tests, the dummy must
mimic the human volunteer's shoulder reaction with the rigid vertical
side board in order for the kinematics of its upper thoracic spine to
meet the Tl response requirements. Note that the Ewing data may be
incompatible with the APR data because the Ewing volunteers were tensed
in anticipation of the shoulder loading while the APR cadavers were
unembalmed making them quite flaccid.
2.0 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This Technical Report is one of six reports that describe laboratory
test procedures and impact response requirements suitable for assessing
the impact biofidelity of side impact dummies. This Technical Report
provides information to assess the biofidelity of lateral impact re-
sponse of the shoulder.
*Numbers in parentheses denote papers listed in References, Section 5.0
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR9790-4:1989(E)
3.0 IS0 REFERENCES
IS0 DP 9790-l Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Head Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity of
?
the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-Z Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Neck Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity of
the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-3 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Thoracic Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity
of the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-5 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Abdominal Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity
of the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-6 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Pelvis Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity of
the Dummy.
4.0 REQUIREMENT
4.1 Original Data
Researchers of the Association Peugeot-Renault subjected 4 cadavers to
lateral impacts delivered to the shoulder by the flat end of a 23 kg
rigid cylinder of 150 mm diameter (1). Each cadaver was seated on a
horizontal hardwood surface with a vertical backrest. The impact was
The force of the impactor was
delivered laterally to the shoulder.
recorded. Results of these tests are given in Appendix A.
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
4.2 Response Requirements
The original force-time curves of the impactor were normalized (see
Appendix A) using the technique suggested by Mertz (3). The normalized
force-time curves and the proposed response corridor are shown in
Figure 1. The maximum normalized deflection should be between 34 and
41 mm.
4.3 Test Setup
A 23 kg rigid, 150 mm diameter cylinder with a flat impact face is
required. The dummy is to be seated upright and the impactor adjusted
to strike the dummy's shoulder laterally between 4.4 m/s and 4.6 m/s.
The axis of the impactor is to be aligned with the center of the shoul-
der joint.
4.4 Instrumentation
Instrument the dummy to monitor acceleration of the thoracic spine.
Record the force of the impactor. Force and acceleration measurements
are to meet SAE Channel Class 1000 filter requirements.
4.5 Normalization Procedure
Calculate
Determine the impulse by integrating the force-time curve.
the effective mass using the following relationship,
M
= c 5; Fdtl / (v,) (1
e
T
o Fdt is the impulse and V. is the impact velocity. The
where
$
mass ratio defined in Appendix A is,
R = 20.5 kg/M,
(2
m
Calculate the mass ratio for the test.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (El
It is assumed that the dummy has the same shoulder stiffness as the
standard subject, and the stiffness ratio, Rk, is equal to I.
The normalizing factors for force, time and displacement acceleration
t
are given by,
R
f = (RmRk)'
R = R x = (Rm)' (R,)-'
(4
t
Normalize the force-time curve by multiplying each force value and each
time value by their corresponding normalizing factors.
Normalize the
maximum shoulder to thoracic spine deflection by multiplying it by Rx.
A dummy with reasonable response characteristics will have a normalized
force-time curve that lies within the proposed response corridor depict-
ed in Figure 1 and a normalized maximum shoulder deflection that is
between 34 and 41 mm.
5.0 REFERENCES
1 . Bendjallal, F., Walisch, G., Fayon, A., and Tarriere, C., "APR
Biomechanical Data", Nanterre, France, Jan., 1984.
2 l Ewing, C. L., Thomas, D. J., Majewski, P. L., Black, R., and
"Measurement of Head, Tl, and Pelvic Response to -Gx
Lustik, L.,
SAE 770927, Twenty-First Stapp Car Crash
Impact Acceleration",
Conference, Oct., 1977.
"A Procedure for Normalizing Impact Response Data",
3 . Mertz, H. J.,
SAE 840884, Warrendale, PA, May, 1984.
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
9790-4 : 1989 (E)
ISO/TR
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TECHNICAL
IS0
REPORT
TR 9790-4
First edition
1989-05-01
Road vehicles - Anthropomorphic side impact
dummy -
Part 4 :
Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to
assess biofidelity of dummy
Véhicules routiers - Mannequin anthropomorphe pour essai de choc latéral -
Partie 4 : Caractéristiques de réponse de l'épaule à un choc latéral permettant
d'évaluer la biofidélité d'un mannequin
Reference number
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The main task of IS0 technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In ex-
ceptional circumstances a technical committee may propose the publication of a
technical report of one of the following types:
- type 1, when the necessary support within the technical committee cannot be
obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
-
type 2, when the subject is still under technical development requiring wider
exposure;
- type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for
example).
IS0 Council. Technical
Technical reports are accepted for publication directly by
reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to
decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical
reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are
considered to be no longer valid or useful.
ISO/TR 9790-4, which is a technical report of type 3, was prepared by Technical
22, Road vehicles.
Committee ISO/TC
ISO/TR 9790 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles -
Anthropomorphic side impact dummy :
-
Part I: Lateral head impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 2: Lateral neck impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 3: Lateral thoracic impact response requirements to assess biofidelity of
dummy
-
Part 4: Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess biofidellty of
dummy
-
5: Lateral abdominal impact response requirements to assess biofidelity
Part
of dummy
-
Part 6: Lateral pelvis impact response requirements to assess blofidelity of
dummy
O International Organization for Standardization, 1989
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1W (E)
Road vehicles - Anthropomorphic side impact dummy -
Part 4 :
Lateral shoulder impact response requirements to assess
biofidelity of dummy
1 .O INTRODUCTION
*
The impact response requirement presented in thi s Technical Report is
the result of a critical evaluation of data selected from experiments
agreed to by experts as being the best and most up-to-date information
avai 1 ab1 e.
A single dynamic response requirement is defined for lateral loading of
the shoulder. It is based on impact tests conducted by Association
Peugeot-Renault using unembalmed cadavers (1). A second requirement is
implict in the lateral neck bending requirement that is based on Ewing
et al (2) human volunteer data. In those sled tests, the dummy must
mimic the human volunteer's shoulder reaction with the rigid vertical
side board in order for the kinematics of its upper thoracic spine to
a meet the T1 response requirements. Note that the Ewing data may be
incompatible with the APR data because the Ewing volunteers were tensed
in anticipation of the shoulder loading while the APR cadavers were
unembalmed making them quite flaccid.
2.0 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION
This Technical Report is one of six reports that describe laboratory
test procedures and impact response requirements sui table for assessing
the impact biofidelity of side impact dummies. This Technical Report
ity of lateral impact re-
provides information to assess the biofide
sponse of the shoulder,
in References, Section 5.0
"Numbers in parentheses denote papers listed
1
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
3.0 IS0 REFERENCES
IS0 DP 9790-1 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Head Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidelity of
the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-2 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Neck Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidel ity of
the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-3 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Thoracic Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidel i ty
of the Dummy. .v
IS0 DP 9790-5 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Abdominal Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidel i ty
of the Dummy.
IS0 DP 9790-6 Road Vehicles - Anthropomorphic Side Impact Dummy -
Lateral Pelvis Impact Response Requirements to Assess the Biofidel ity of
the Dummy.
4.0 REQUIREMENT
4.1 Original Data
Researchers of the Association Peugeot-Renault subjected 4 cadavers to
lateral impacts delivered to the shoulder by the flat end of a 23 kg
rigid cylinder of 150 mm diameter (1). Each cadaver was seated on a
horizontal hardwood surface with a vertical backrest. The impact was
delivered laterally to the shoulder. The force of the impactor was
recorded. Results of these tests are given in Appendix A.
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
4.2 Response Requirements
The original force-time curves of the impactor were normalized (see
Appendix A) using the technique suggested by Mertz (3). The normalized
force-time curves and the proposed response corridor are shown in
Figure 1. The maximum normalized deflection should be between 34 and
41 mm.
4.3 Test Setup
A 23 kg rigid, 150 mm diameter cylinder with a flat impact face is
required. The dummy is to be seated upright and the impactor adjusted
*to strike the dummy's shoulder laterally between 4.4 m/s and 4.6 m/s.
The axis of the impactor is to be aligned with the center of the shoul-
der joint.
4.4 Instrumentati on
Instrument the dummy to mon1 tor acceleration of the thoracic spine.
Record the force of the impactor. Force and acceleration measurements
are to meet SAE Channel Class 1000 filter requirements.
4.5 Normal i zati on Procedure
Determine the impulse by integrating the force-time curve. Calculate
*the effective mass using the following relationship,
T
where lo Fdt is the impulse and Vo is the impact velocity. The
mass ratio defined in Appendix A is,
Rm = 20.5 kg/Me
Calculate the mass ratio for the test.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
It is assumed that the dummy has the same shoulder stiffness as the
is equal to 1.
standard subject, and the stiffness ratio,
Rk,
The normalizing factors for force, time and displacement acceleration
are given by,
Rf = (RmRk) 4 (3
Normalize the force-time curve by multiplying each force value and each
time value by their corresponding normalizing factors, Normalize the
maximum shoulder to thoracic spine deflection by multiplying it by Rx.
A dummy with reasonable response characteristics will have a normalized
force-time curve that lies within the proposed response corridor depict-
ed in Figure 1 and a normalized maximum shoulder deflection that is
between 34 and 41 mm.
5.0 REFERENCES
1. Bendjallal, F., Walisch, G., Fayon, A., and Tarriere, C., "APR
Biomechanical Data", Nanterre, France, Jan. , 1984.
2. Ewing, C. L., Thomas, D. J., Majewski, P. L., Black, R., and
Lustik, L., "Measurement of Head, T1, and Pelvic Response to -Gx
Impact Acceleration'', SAE 770927, Twenty-First Stapp Car Crash
, 1977.
Conference, Oct.
Mertz, H. J., "A Procedure for Normalizing Impact Response Data",
3.
SAE 840884, Warrendale, PA, May, 1984.
4
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TR 9790-4 : 1989 (E)
I I
Legend
......
h MS202 impact velocity = 4.2 m/s
X MS203 impact velocity = 4.5 m/s
- --------
n
z
.. ... 7 MS204 impact velocity = 4.5 m/s ..
Y
-_-_--___-_--
...
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