ISO 4210-2:2023
(Main)Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles
This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and care of such bicycles. This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and less than 750 mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more including folding bicycles. This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres. NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on toys, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, see ISO 8098.
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes — Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin (trekking), jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de course
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité et de performance à observer lors de la conception, de l'assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant les instructions d'utilisation et d'entretien fournies par les fabricants de ces bicyclettes. Le présent document s'applique aux bicyclettes jeunes adultes ayant une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale à 635 mm et inférieure à 750 mm, aux bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin, aux bicyclettes tout terrain et aux bicyclettes de course ayant une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale à 635 mm, y compris les bicyclettes pliantes. Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux types spécialisés de bicyclettes comme les bicyclettes de livraison, les bicyclettes couchées, les tandems, les bicyclettes BMX et les bicyclettes conçues et équipées pour une utilisation dans des usages sévères telles que des compétitions réglementées, des cascades ou des figures acrobatiques. NOTE Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur maximale de selle est inférieure ou égale à 435 mm, se reporter aux réglementations nationales sur les jouets à enfourcher, et pour une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure à 435 mm et inférieure à 635 mm, voir l'ISO 8098.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4210-2
Third edition
2023-01
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles —
Part 2:
Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing
bicycles
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes —
Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin (trekking),
jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de course
Reference number
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
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© ISO 2023
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 Toxicity . 2
4.2 Sharp edges . 2
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 2
4.3.1 Security of screws . 2
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque . 2
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism . 2
4.4 Crack detection methods . 3
4.5 Exposed protrusions . 3
4.6 Brakes . 3
4.6.1 Braking systems . 3
4.6.2 Hand-operated brakes . 3
4.6.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements . 4
4.6.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 5
4.6.5 Brake adjustment . 5
4.6.6 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test . 5
4.6.7 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test. 5
4.6.8 Braking performance . 5
4.6.9 Brakes — Heat-resistance test . . 8
4.7 Steering . 8
4.7.1 Handlebar — Dimensions . 8
4.7.2 Handlebar grips and plugs . 9
4.7.3 Handlebar stem — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 9
4.7.4 Handlebar stem to fork steerer — Clamping requirements . 10
4.7.5 Steering stability . 10
4.7.6 Steering assembly — Static strength and security tests . 11
4.7.7 Handlebar and stem assembly — Fatigue test .12
4.8 Frames .12
4.8.1 Suspension-frames — Special requirements .12
4.8.2 Frame — Impact test (falling mass) . 13
4.8.3 Frame and front fork assembly — Impact test (falling frame) .13
4.8.4 Frame — Fatigue test with pedalling forces .13
4.8.5 Frame — Fatigue test with horizontal forces . .13
4.8.6 Frame — Fatigue test with a vertical force .13
4.8.7 Rear brake mount tests . 14
4.9 Front fork . 14
4.9.1 General . 14
4.9.2 Means of location of the axle and wheel retention . 14
4.9.3 Tyre clearance test — Suspension fork . 14
4.9.4 Front fork — Tensile test . 14
4.9.5 Front fork — Static bending test . 14
4.9.6 Front fork — Rearward impact test . 14
4.9.7 Front fork — Bending fatigue test plus rearward impact test .15
4.9.8 Forks intended for use with hub- or disc-brakes. 15
4.9.9 Steerer tube — fatigue test . 15
4.10 Wheels and tyre assembly . 16
4.10.1 Wheels and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy — Concentricity
tolerance and lateral tolerance . 16
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
4.10.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance . 16
4.10.3 Wheel and tyre assembly — Static strength test . 16
4.10.4 Wheels — Wheel retention . 16
4.10.5 Wheels — Quick-release devices — Operating features . 17
4.10.6 Wheel and tyre assembly — Greenhouse effect test for composite wheels . 17
4.10.7 Wheel and tyre assembly — Heat resistance tests for composite rims used
in conjunction with rim brake. 18
4.10.8 Wheel and tyre assembly — Overpressure test . 18
4.10.9 Wheel and tyre assembly —Information for users . 19
4.11 Front mudguard . 19
4.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 19
4.12.1 Pedal tread . 19
4.12.2 Pedal clearance .20
4.12.3 Pedal — Static strength test . 21
4.12.4 Pedal — Impact test . 21
4.12.5 Pedal — Dynamic durability test . 21
4.12.6 Drive system — Static strength test . 21
4.12.7 Crank assembly — Fatigue test . 22
4.13 Drive-chain and drive belt . 22
4.13.1 Drive-chain .22
4.13.2 Drive belt .22
4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device . 22
4.14.1 Requirements .22
4.14.2 Chain-wheel disc and drive pulley disc diameter .23
4.14.3 Chain and drive belt protective device . 24
4.14.4 Combined front gear-change guide . . 25
4.15 Saddles and seat-posts . 25
4.15.1 Limiting dimensions .25
4.15.2 Seat-post — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 25
4.15.3 Saddle/seat-post — Security test . 26
4.15.4 Saddle and saddle rail — Static strength test . 26
4.15.5 Saddle and seat-post assembly — Fatigue test . 26
4.15.6 Seat-post — Fatigue test . 26
4.16 Spoke protector . 27
4.17 Luggage carriers . 27
4.18 Road test of a fully assembled bicycle. 27
4.19 Lighting systems and reflectors . 27
4.19.1 General . 27
4.19.2 Wiring harness . 27
4.19.3 Lighting systems .28
4.19.4 Reflectors .28
4.20 Warning device .28
5 Manufacturer's instructions .28
6 Marking . .30
6.1 Requirement .30
6.2 Durability test . 31
Annex A (informative) Steering geometry .32
Bibliography .33
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4210-2:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes as follows:
— improvement of 4.3.2 Minimum failure torque;
— change in minimum braking performance value in Table 2 of 4.6.8.1.3;
— improvement of 4.6.9;
— improvement of 4.7.2;
— addition of a requirement for angle-adjustable handlebar stem in 4.7.6.3;
— addition of 4.8.7;
— addition of 4.9.8.3;
— addition of 4.9.9;
— re-arrangement of requirements for “Wheel and tyre assembly”, “Rims, tyres, and tubes”;
— improvement of 4.10.2;
— change in test force of 4.10.4.3;
— addition of 4.10.7;
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
— improvement of 4.11;
— change in option c) of 4.14;
— addition of 4.15.4.2;
— improvement of 4.15.6;
— addition of icons in Clause 6.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4210 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout the world, and the aim has been
to ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with this document will be as safe as is practically
possible. The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well
as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects
from the design stage onwards.
The scope has been limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
For the purpose of improving the safety of luggage carriers, revision work of ISO 11243, referenced
in 4.17, is in progress. In case this revision work involves requirements for the entire bicycle, this
document will incorporate those requirements in the next revision.
If the bicycle should be used on public roads, national regulations apply.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —
Part 2:
Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain
and racing bicycles
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of
bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and
care of such bicycles.
This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and less
than 750 mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum
saddle height of 635 mm or more including folding bicycles.
This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent
bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such
as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres.
NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on
[8]
toys, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, see ISO 8098 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4210-1, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 4210-3:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 3: Common test methods
ISO 4210-4:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test methods
ISO 4210-5:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 5: Steering test methods
ISO 4210-6:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 6: Frame and fork test methods
ISO 4210-7:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods
ISO 4210-8:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods
ISO 4210-9:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 9: Saddles and seat-post test methods
ISO 6742-1, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 1: Lighting and light signalling devices
ISO 6742-2, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 6742-3, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 3: Installation and use of lighting and
retro-reflective devices
ISO 9633, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods
ISO 11243, Cycles — Luggage carriers for bicycles —Requirements and test methods
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
ISO 14878, Cycles — Audible warning devices — Technical specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4210-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Requirements
4.1 Toxicity
Any items which come into intimate contact with the rider (i.e. causing any hazard due to sucking or
licking) shall conform with any national regulations specific to children's products.
4.2 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or
normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled, or processed
with comparable techniques.
[9]
NOTE See ISO 13715 .
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.3.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems, brackets attached to electric generators, brake
mechanisms and mudguards to the frame or fork shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g.
lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound, or stiff nuts. Fasteners used to assemble hub and
disc brakes shall have heat-resistant locking devices.
[1]
NOTE For example, mechanical and physical properties of bolts are specified in ISO 898-1 .
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handle bars, handlebar stems, bar ends,
saddle and seat-posts shall be at least 20 % greater than the manufacturer's maximum recommended
tightening torque.
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycle mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in
a simple, stable, safe way, and when folded, no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism
shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or
unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
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ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
4.4 Crack detection methods
Standardized methods should be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are
specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
[2] [3]
NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452-1 , ISO 3452-2 ,
[4] [5]
ISO 3452-3 , and ISO 3452-4 . In addition, white paint or surface treatment can be used to aid in detection for
composite materials.
4.5 Exposed protrusions
This requirement is intended to address the hazards associated with the users of bicycles falling on
projections or rigid components (e.g. handlebars, levers) on a bicycle, possibly causing internal injury or
skin puncture.
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to the user
should be protected. The size and shape of the end protection has not been stipulated, but an adequate
shape shall be given to avoid puncturing of the body. Screw threads which constitute a puncture
hazard shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally
threaded mating part.
NOTE Handlebar ends are covered in 4.7.2.
4.6 Brakes
4.6.1 Braking systems
A bicycle shall be equipped with at least two independently actuated braking systems. At least one
shall operate on the front wheel and one on the rear wheel. The braking systems shall operate without
binding and shall be capable of meeting the braking performance requirements of 4.6.8.
Brake blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted.
4.6.2 Hand-operated brakes
4.6.2.1 Brake lever position
The brake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and
practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and t
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