ISO 16750-3:2023
(Main)Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment — Part 3: Mechanical loads
Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment — Part 3: Mechanical loads
This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle. This document describes mechanical loads. This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and components of motorcycles and mopeds. Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes in this edition compared to the previous one.
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications d'environnement et essais de l'équipement électrique et électronique — Partie 3: Contraintes mécaniques
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16750-3
Fourth edition
2023-07
Road vehicles — Environmental
conditions and testing for electrical
and electronic equipment —
Part 3:
Mechanical loads
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications d'environnement et essais de
l'équipement électrique et électronique —
Partie 3: Contraintes mécaniques
Reference number
ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Tests and requirements .2
4.1 Vibration . 2
4.1.1 Testing conditions during the vibration test . 2
4.1.2 Test Ia - Passenger car, combustion engine, small and lightweight DUT . 9
4.1.3 Test II — Passenger car, gearbox attached to a combustion engine, small
and lightweight DUT . 11
4.1.4 Test VI — Commercial vehicle, combustion engine and gearbox, small and
lightweight DUT .13
4.1.5 Test XIII — Passenger car, hybrid-electric powertrain, combustion engine
and gearbox, large and heavy DUT. 17
4.1.6 Test XV — Passenger car, driving electric motor . 20
4.1.7 Test XVII — Commercial vehicle, driving electric motor .23
4.1.8 Test IV — Passenger car, sprung masses (vehicle body), small and
lightweight DUT . 24
4.1.9 Test VII — Commercial vehicle, sprung mass (vehicle body), small and
lightweight DUT .26
4.1.10 Test XIV — Hybrid-electric/fully-electric passenger car, sprung mass
(vehicle body), large and heavy DUT . 27
4.1.11 Test XVI — Hybrid-electric/fully-electric commercial vehicle, sprung mass
(vehicle body), large and heavy DUT .29
4.1.12 Test V — Passenger car, unsprung mass (wheel, wheel suspension), small
and lightweight DUT .30
4.1.13 Test IX — Commercial vehicle, unsprung mass, small and lightweight DUT . 32
4.1.14 Test VIII — Commercial vehicle, decoupled cab . 33
4.1.15 Test III — Passenger car, flexible plenum chamber .34
4.1.16 Test XI — Passenger car, solid intake manifold . 35
4.1.17 Test Ib – Rotating machines . 37
4.1.18 Test XII — Passenger car, exhaust pipe .40
4.1.19 Test X — Passenger car, components on fuel rail (gasoline engine with GDI-
system) .44
4.2 Mechanical shock .46
4.2.1 Shock I — Test for devices in or on doors and flaps on passenger cars .46
4.2.2 Shock II — Test for devices on rigid points on the body and on the frame . 47
4.2.3 Shock III — Test for devices in or on the gearbox . 47
4.3 Free fall .48
4.3.1 Purpose .48
4.3.2 Test . . .48
4.3.3 Selection of drop height .49
4.3.4 Requirements .49
4.4 Surface strength/scratch and abrasion resistance .50
4.4.1 Purpose .50
4.4.2 Test method . 50
4.4.3 Requirements .50
4.5 Gravel bombardment . 50
4.5.1 Purpose .50
4.5.2 Test method . 50
4.5.3 Requirements .50
5 Code letters for mechanical loads .51
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
6 Documentation .58
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the development of test profiles for vibration tests .59
Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending
on the mounting location .92
Annex C (informative) Guidelines for shaker testing of starter motors, alternators and
similar DUTs .93
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for free fall testing .99
Annex E (informative) 3D vibration testing for automotive components . 101
Bibliography . 104
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32,
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 16750-3:2012), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— integrating and harmonizing content from ISO 19453-3:2018;
— distinction between small and lightweight versus large and heavy DUTs;
— revising vibration profiles where necessary due to extended datasets of and experience from vehicle
measurements;
— addition of vibration test for rotating machines on combustion engines and Annex C;
— addition of vibration tests for hybrid-electric/fully-electric commercial vehicles;
— addition of guided fall test description and Annex D;
— addition of Annex E as guidance for 3D shaker testing;
— test order appearing in the document has been changed for a logical grouping depending on test
type, however test numbers have been kept for backwards compatibility.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16750 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 3:
Mechanical loads
1 Scope
This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric
propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It
describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for
the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle.
This document describes mechanical loads.
This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and
components of motorcycles and mopeds.
Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under
development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes
in this edition compared to the previous one.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16750-1:2023, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment — Part 1: General
ISO 16750-4:2023, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
equipment— Part 4: Climatic loads
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing — Part 2-14: Tests — Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests — Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing — Part 2-31: Tests — Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for
equipment-type specimens
IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2-64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and
guidance
IEC 60068-2-80, Environmental testing — Part 2-80: Tests — Test Fi: Vibration — Mixed mode
UL 969:2017, Standard for Marking and Labeling Systems
ISO 20567-1:2017, Paints and varnishes — Determination of stone-chip resistance of coatings — Part 1:
Multi-impact testing
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16750-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Tests and requirements
4.1 Vibration
4.1.1 Testing conditions during the vibration test
4.1.1.1 General
The vibration test methods specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on-
board electrical and electronic equipment. The customer and the supplier should choose the test
method, environmental temperature and vibration parameters depending on the specific mounting
location.
A clear dependence of the typical vibration load on the size and mass of the DUT is evident from vehicle
measurements. This applies to all mounting locations due to dynamic system coupling. That is why
in this document a distinction is made between small and lightweight E/E components (typically
<2 kg, unless stated otherwise in the individual test description, e.g. sensors, ECUs or fuel injection
equipment), mostly belonging but not limited to ICE vehicles, and much larger and heavier components
(typically ≥2 kg, unless stated otherwise in the individual test description, e.g. electric motors,
inverters, DC/DC converters or alternators), mostly belonging but not limited to electric powertrains
in electric propulsion vehicles. In each application the applicability of the intended vibration profile
should be verified with a vehicle measurement. See a mass classification example in ISO 16750-1:2023,
Annex C. For further information and guidance please refer to Tables 38-40 (code letters).
The following basic idea of environmental test methods is expressed in the Foreword of Reference [7].
When applied properly, the environmental management and engineering processes described in
this document can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness
and overall durability of the tested equipment. However, it is important to recognize that limitations
inherent in laboratory testing make it imperative to use proper caution and engineering judgment when
extrapolating these laboratory results to results that can be obtained under actual service conditions.
In many cases, real world environmental stresses (singularly or in combination) cannot be duplicated
practically or reliably in test laboratories. Therefore, users of this document should not assume that
a system or component that passes laboratory tests of this document would also pass field/fleet
verification trials.
The specified values are the best estimation that can be obtained up to the moment when results from
measurements in the vehicle are received, but they do not replace a vehicle measurement.
The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. The specified vibration
profiles apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Since the use of an installation support
(e.g. mounting bracket) can influence test vibration loads on the shaker to be much higher or much
lower than actual vehicle loads, in principle, each vibration test should be carried out with only DUT
itself. If using an installation support, the applied loads on the shaker should be checked to reproduce
the actual vehicle loads as realistically as possible.
Carry out the vibration with the DUT rigidly mounted on a vibration table for reasons of comparability
and reproducibility (see also IEC 60068-2-47:2005, Clauses 5 and 6). If using a bracket is technically
unavoidable in order to fix the DUT to the shaker instead of a rigid mounting, then the transfer functions
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
from the excitation to the DUT compared to vehicle measurements as well as a proper control strategy
shall be considered. For further information refer to A.3. The mounting method(s) used shall be noted
in the test report. The scope of the recommended vibration tests is to avoid malfunctions and breakage
mainly due to fatigue in the field. Testing for wear has special requirements and is not covered in this
document.
If active operation and/or signal monitoring is applied during the test, extra care shall be taken with
respect to the fixation of the power cables and the wiring harnesses. This aims at avoiding signal
disturbances and negative mechanical impact on the connector, caused by dynamic motion of the
harness itself. The routing, rigidity, mass and fixation of wire harness in vehicle installation should also
be considered when deciding on the fixation of wire harness in a test setup in order to avoid a wrong
testing load for the DUT.
Loads outside the designated test frequency ranges can be considered separately if agreed between
the customer and the supplier. If it is known that resonance frequencies of the DUT are present that are
critical for fatigue and are not covered by the test frequency ranges, then it is recommended to perform
separate durability tests, such as resonance dwell testing.
NOTE Deviations from the load on the DUT can occur if vibration testing is carried out according to this
document on a large and heavy DUT, as mounting rigidity and dynamic reaction on the vibrator table excitation
are different compared to the situation in the vehicle. Such deviations can be minimized by applying the average
control method (see A.3).
The application of the weighted average control method in accordance with IEC 60068-2-64 may be
agreed upon.
4.1.1.2 Overlaid temperature cycles during vibration testing
4.1.1.2.1 General
Vibration tests are typically run with an overlaid temperature cycle. The intention is not to create
additional aging of the DUTs, but to induce a temperature-dependent dynamic response of or within the
DUT that might otherwise not occur if only tested at room temperature.
In the vehicle, vibration stress can occur together at low or high temperatures; for this reason, this
interaction between mechanical and temperature stress is simulated in the test, too. A failure
mechanism occurs when material characteristics of components change and cannot withstand the
acceleration under this condition. For example, a plastic part may mellow due to the high temperature.
The mass of the DUT as well as the installation area are the main influence factors that determine
the design of the temperature cycle which is why in the following clauses the different use cases are
distinguished.
For longer test durations of the vibration test the test cycles can be either repeated for a sufficient
number of times or stretched to fit the test duration. None of the following temperature cycles shall be
further compressed in their duration, otherwise a temperature equilibrium within the DUT might not
be ensured.
Depending on the failure mode of the DUT, a deviating temperature profile may be used if agreed
between the customer and the supplier.
Intentional humidity control is not permitted even if water condensation on the DUT occurs during
temperature cycles.
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
4.1.1.2.2 Temperature profile for small and lightweight components not mounted on the
combustion engine
During the vibration test, for small and lightweight DUT not mounted on the combustion engine,
perform the temperature cycling in accordance with IEC 60068-2-14, Test Nb, not using its specified
temperature changing rates, but using the variant given in Figure 1 and Table 1.
NOTE 1 This temperature profile can also be applied to small and lightweight components mounted on electric
drive systems or components.
Perform temperature cycling with the following as one cycle. Decrease ambient temperature from RT
to T , expose the DUT at T , increase ambient temperature from T to T , expose the DUT at T
min min min max max
and then decrease ambient temperature from T to RT (see Figure 1).
max
Perform a functional test at the end of T and T as short as possible with operating mode 3.3 or
min max
4.3 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key a in Figure 1). In addition, operate with operating mode 3.4 or
4.4 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key b in Figure 1) during the section from room temperature (RT) to
T . During the other sections, operate with operating mode 2.1 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key c
max
in Figure 1). If operating mode 4.3/4.4 is not technically feasible, operating mode 3.3/3.4 may be used if
agreed between the customer and the supplier.
NOTE 2 A permanent operation starting at T prevents possible condensation of humidity on DUT because
min
the self-heating of the DUT occurs. An electrical operation starting at RT allows this phenomenon.
NOTE 3 Condensation can lead to swelling of plastic sub-components of the DUT and therefore, influence the
dynamic behaviour under vibrational load.
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
Key
T temperature [°C]
t time
T minimum operating temperature as defined in ISO 16750-4
min
T maximum operating temperature as defined in ISO 16750-4
max
RT room temperature as defined in ISO 16750-1
t , t , t , t , t , t time parameter as defined in Table 1
1 2 3 4 5 6
a
Functional test with operating mode 3.3 or 4.3 as defined in ISO 16750-1.
b
Operating mode 3.4 or 4.4 as defined in ISO 16750-1.
c
Operating mode 2.1 as defined in ISO 16750-1.
d
One cycle.
e
Functional test with operating mode 3.4 or 4.4 as defined in ISO 16750-1.
Figure 1 — Temperature cycle with specified change rate for the vibration test of a small and
lightweight DUT
Table 1 — Temperatures versus time duration for temperature cycling for the vibration test of a
small and lightweight DUT
Duration Temperature
Parameter
[min] [°C]
t 60 From RT to T
1 min
t 90 Exposure time at T
2 min
t 60 From T to RT
3 min
t 90 From RT to T
4 max
t 110 Exposure time at T
5 max
t 70 From T to RT
6 max
NOTE T and T are defined in ISO 16750-4:2023, Table 1.
min max
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ISO 16750-3:2023(E)
4.1.1.2.3 Temperature profile for large and heavy components not mounted on the combustion
engine
During the vibration test, for large and heavy DUT not mounted on the combustion engine, perform the
temperature cycling in accordance with IEC 60068-2-14, Test Nb, not using its specified temperature
changing rates, but using the variant given in Figure 2 and Table 2.
Perform temperature cycling with the following as one cycle. Decrease ambient temperature from RT
to T , expose the DUT at T , increase ambient temperature from T to T , expose the DUT at T
min min min max max
and then decrease ambient temperature from T to RT (see Figure 2).
max
Before performing this test, a separate temperature measurement (with DUT in operating mode 2.1
as defined in ISO 16750-1) shall be performed to determine what exposure time at T , T (see
max min
Figure 2) is necessary to warrant that this desired temperature is also reached in DUT temperature.
The measuring point of the DUT shall be agreed between the customer and the supplier, considering
a target device (e.g. microprocessor, motor coil) which is temperature-influenced in functionality or
performance.
If operating mode 2.1 is technically not feasible for the separate temperature measurement, operating
mode 1.2 as defined in ISO 16750-1, can be used as agreed between the customer and the supplier.
Measures regarding the functional performance, for example, de-rating of the e-motor, are allowed to
avoid overheating of the DUT during high-temperature operation with self-heating effects.
The dwell time t of the DUT at T and T shall be more than 30 min each per temperature cycle;
x min max
therefore, exposure time shall be adjusted accordingly depending on the size and other characteristics
of the DUT. The customer and the supplier shall agree on a complete profile of temperature cycle
including dwell time and stabilisation time depending on the size and other properties of the DUT.
NOTE This temperature profile can also be applied to large and heavy components mounted on electric
drive systems or components.
Perform a functional test at the end of T and T as short as possible with operating mode 3.3 or
min max
4.3 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key a in Figure 2). In addition, operate with operating mode 3.4 or
4.4 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key b in Figure 2) during the section from room temperature (RT) to
T . During the other sections, operate with operating mode 2.1 as defined in ISO 16750-1 (see key c
max
in Figure 2). If operating mode 4.3/4.4 is not technically feasible, operating mode 3.3/3.4 may be used if
agreed between the customer and the supplier. For electric motors, active operation in operation mode
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 16750-3.2
ISO/TC 22/SC 32 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2023-03-01 2023-04-26
Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for
electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 3:
Mechanical loads
Véhicules routiers — Spécifications d'environnement et essais de l'équipement électrique et électronique —
Partie 3: Contraintes mécaniques
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2
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Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
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electrical and electronic equipment —
Part 3:
Mechanical loads
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Partie 3: Contraintes mécaniques
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . vii
1 Scope . . 1
2 Normative references . . 1
3 Terms and definitions . . 2
4 Tests and requirements . . 2
4.1 Vibration . . 2
4.1.1 Testing conditions during the vibration test . . 2
4.1.2 Test Ia - Passenger car, combustion engine, small and lightweight DUT . 10
4.1.3 Test II — Passenger car, gearbox attached to a combustion engine, small and lightweight
DUT 13
4.1.4 Test VI — Commercial vehicle, combustion engine and gearbox, small and lightweight
DUT 15
4.1.5 Test XIII — Passenger car, hybrid-electric powertrain, combustion engine and gearbox,
large and heavy DUT . 19
4.1.6 Test XV — Passenger car, driving electric motor . 23
4.1.7 Test XX — Commercial vehicle, driving electric motor . 25
4.1.8 Test IV — Passenger car, sprung masses (vehicle body), small and lightweight DUT . 27
4.1.9 Test VII — Commercial vehicle, sprung mass (vehicle body), small and lightweight DUT 29
4.1.10 Test XIV — Hybrid-electric/fully-electric passenger car, sprung mass (vehicle body), large
and heavy DUT. 30
4.1.11 Test XVI — Hybrid-electric/fully-electric commercial vehicle, sprung mass (vehicle body),
large and heavy DUT . 32
4.1.12 Test V — Passenger car, unsprung mass (wheel, wheel suspension), small and lightweight
DUT 34
4.1.13 Test IX — Commercial vehicle, unsprung mass, small and lightweight DUT . 35
4.1.14 Test VIII — Commercial vehicle, decoupled cab . 36
4.1.15 Test III — Passenger car, flexible plenum chamber . 38
4.1.16 Test XI — Passenger car, solid intake manifold . 39
4.1.17 Test Ib – Rotating machines . 41
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
4.1.18 Test XII — Passenger car, exhaust pipe . 45
4.1.19 Test X — Passenger car, components on fuel rail (gasoline engine with GDI-system) . 49
4.2 Mechanical shock . 51
4.2.1 Shock I — Test for devices in or on doors and flaps on passenger cars. 51
4.2.2 Shock II — Test for devices on rigid points on the body and on the frame . 52
4.2.3 Shock III — Test for devices in or on the gearbox . 53
4.3 Free fall . 53
4.3.1 Purpose . 53
4.3.2 Test . 54
4.3.3 Selection of drop height . 55
4.3.4 Requirements . 55
4.4 Surface strength/scratch and abrasion resistance . 56
4.4.1 Purpose . 56
4.4.2 Test Method . 56
4.4.3 Requirements . 56
4.5 Gravel bombardment . 56
4.5.1 Purpose . 56
4.5.2 Test method . 56
4.5.3 Requirements . 56
5 Code letters for mechanical loads . 57
6 Documentation . 58
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the development of test profiles for vibration tests . 59
A.1 Scope . 59
A.2 General . 59
A.3 Average control method . 63
A.4 Method for determining the vibration profile and test duration on/in powertrain . 64
A.4.1 General aspects regarding test duration . 64
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
A.4.2 Test duration, example for ICE without any electric propulsion . 65
A.4.3 Test duration, example for PHEVs . 68
A.4.4 Verification of load in combustion engine speed distribution . 70
A.4.4.1 Procedure . 70
A.4.4.1.1 Measurement of acceleration levels with a combustion engine speed increase on the chassis
dynamometer . 71
A.4.4.1.2 Determination of the load distribution from the measured time history (cycle counting
method) 71
A.4.4.1.3 Analysis of the number of cycles in the classed acceleration levels and combustion engine
speeds 72
A.4.4.1.4 Verification of the dominant load from the high combustion engine speed range . 73
A.4.5 Sources for vibration in an SoR profile for powertrain-mounting . 74
A.5 Method for determining the vibration profile and test duration for DUT mounted on the body . 75
A.5.1 General . 75
A.5.1.1 Enveloping vibration profile . 75
A.5.1.2 Test duration . 75
A.5.2 Verification of the shortened test duration using fatigue calculation . 76
A.5.2.1 General . 76
A.5.2.2 Procedure . 76
A.5.2.3 Test parameters for random vibration . 77
A.5.2.4 Acceleration distributions of random vibration test and vehicle driving . 77
A.5.2.5 Comparative verification between random test and driving stress . 79
A.5.2.6 Calculation of the fatigue limits . 79
A.6 Test duration for a sinusoidal test not governed by an engine speed distribution . 82
A.7 Test duration with an infinite-life approach for car-body-mounted DUTs . 83
A.8 The explanation for Basquin model . 86
A.8.1 General . 86
A.8.2 Outline . 86
A.8.3 Calculation example . 86
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A.9 Vibration test profiles developed in ISO 19453 . 89
A.9.1 Background . 89
A.9.2 Vibration profiles for Test XIII (Passenger car, hybrid-electric powertrain, large and heavy
DUT) 89
A.9.2.1 Sine on random vibration test . 89
A.9.2.2 Random vibration test . 93
A.9.3 Vibration profiles for Test XIV (Hybrid-electric/fully electric passenger car, sprung mass
(vehicle body), large and heavy DUT) . 95
A.9.4 Vibration profiles for Test XV (Passenger car, driving electric motor) . 96
Figure A.19 — PSD of acceleration versus frequency . 97
Table A.20 — Values for PSD and frequency . 97
Annex B (informative) Recommended mechanical requirements for equipment depending on the
mounting location . 99
Annex C (informative) Guidelines for shaker testing of starter motors, alternators and similar DUTs 101
C.1 Test setup for Alternators and Integrated Starter Generators . 101
C.2 Test setup for starter motors . 102
C.3 Vibration test profile validation process for dynamically coupled, engine mounted components
103
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for free fall testing . 108
D.1 Best practice example for choice of DUT orientation . 108
D.2 Further information on the drop height . 109
D.3 Characteristics of the impact surface . 109
Annex E (informative) 3D vibration testing for automotive components . 111
E.1 Motivation . 111
E.2 Profile derivation for random vibration tests . 111
E.3 Difference in uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue for body parts under realistic random excitation 112
Bibliography . 114
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 32,
Electrical and electronic components and general system aspects.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 16750-3:2012), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
‐ Integrating and harmonizing content from ISO 19453-3:2018;
‐ Distinction between small and lightweight versus large and heavy DUTs;
‐ Revising vibration profiles where necessary due to extended datasets of and experience from
vehicle measurements;
‐ New vibration test for rotating machines on combustion engines and Annex C;
‐ New vibration tests for hybrid-electric/fully-electric commercial vehicles;
‐ Guided fall test description and Annex D;
‐ Annex E as guidance for 3D shaker testing;
‐ Test order appearing in the document has been changed for a logical grouping depending on
test type, however test numbers have been kept for backwards compatibility.
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
A list of all parts in the ISO 16750 series can be found on the ISO website.Any feedback or questions on
this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these
bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
1 Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for
2 electrical and electronic equipment— Part 3: Mechanical
3 loads
4 1 Scope
5 This document applies to electric and electronic systems and components for vehicles including electric
6 propulsion systems and components with maximum working voltages according to voltage class B. It
7 describes the potential environmental stresses and specifies tests and requirements recommended for
8 the specific mounting location on/in the vehicle.
9 This document describes mechanical loads.
10 This document is not intended to apply to environmental requirements or testing for systems and
11 components of motorcycles and mopeds.
12 Systems and their components released for production, or systems and their components already under
13 development prior to the publication date of this document, can be exempted from fulfilling the changes
14 in this edition compared to the previous one.
15
16 2 Normative references
17 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
18 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
19 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
20 ISO 16750-1:2023, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
21 equipment — Part 1: General
22 ISO 16750-4:2023, Road vehicles — Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic
23 equipment— Part 4: Climatic loads
24 IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2‐6: Testing, Test Fc: Vibration (Sinusoidal)
25 IEC 60068-2-14, Environmental testing — Part 2‐14: Tests — Test N: Change of temperature
26 IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2‐27: Tests — Test Ea and guidance: Shock
27 IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing — Part 2‐31: Tests — Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily
28 for equipment‐type specimens
29 IEC 60068-2-47:2005, Environmental testing ‐ Part 2‐47: Test ‐ Mounting of specimens for vibration,
30 impact and similar dynamic tests
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ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
31 IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing — Part 2‐64: Tests — Test Fh: Vibration, broadband random and
32 guidance
33 IEC 60068-2-80, Environmental testing — Part 2‐80: Tests — Test Fi: Vibration — Mixed mode
34 UL 969, Standard for Marking and Labeling Systems, 5th edition, 2017
35 ISO 20567-1:2017, Paints and varnishes — Determination of stone‐chip resistance of coatings — Part 1:
36 Multi‐impact testing
37
38 3 Terms and definitions
39 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16750-1 apply.
40 ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
41 — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
42 — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
43
44 4 Tests and requirements
45 4.1 Vibration
46 4.1.1 Testing conditions during the vibration test
47 4.1.1.1 General
48 The vibration test methods specified consider various levels of vibration severities applicable to on-
49 board electrical and electronic equipment. The customer and the supplier should choose the test
50 method, environmental temperature and vibration parameters depending on the specific mounting
51 location.
52 A clear dependence of the typical vibration load on the size and mass of the DUT is evident from vehicle
53 measurements. This applies to all mounting locations due to dynamic system coupling. That is why in
54 this document a distinction is made between small and lightweight E/E components (typically < 2 kg,
55 unless stated otherwise in the individual test description, e.g. sensors, ECUs or fuel injection
56 equipment), mostly belonging but not limited to ICE vehicles, and much larger and heavier components
57 (typically ≥ 2 kg, unless stated otherwise in the individual test description, e.g. electric motors, inverters,
58 DC/DC converters or alternators), mostly belonging but not limited to electric powertrains in electric
59 propulsion vehicles. In each application the applicability of the intended vibration profile should be
1
60 verified with a vehicle measurement. See a mass classification example in ISO 16750-1:— , Annex C. For
61 further information and guidance please refer to Table 38 (code letters).
1
Fourth edition under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 16750-1:2022.
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ISO/FDIS 16750‐3:2022(E)
ISO/DIS 16750-3.2:2023(E)
62 The following basic idea of environmental test methods is expressed in Reference [4], Foreword.
63 When applied properly, the environmental management and engineering processes described in this
64 document can be of enormous value in generating confidence in the environmental worthiness and
65 overall durability. However, it is important to recognize that limitations inherent in laboratory testing
66 make it imperative to use proper caution and engineering judgment when extrapolating these
67 laboratory results to results that can be obtained under actual service conditions. In many cases, real
68 world environmental stresses (singularly or in combination) cannot be duplicated practically or reliably
69 in test laboratories. Therefore, users of this document should not assume that a system or component
70 that passes laboratory tests of this document would also pass field/fleet verification trials.
71 The specified values are the best estimation that can be obtained up to the moment when results from
72 measurements in the vehicle are received, but they do not replace a vehicle measurement.
73 The specified values apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. The specified vibration
74 profiles apply to direct mounting in defined mounting locations. Since the use of an installation support
75 (e.g. mounting bracket) can influence test vibration loads on the shaker to be much higher or much
76 lower than actual vehicle loads, in principle, each vibration test should be carried out with only DUT
77 itself. If using an installation support, the applied loads on the shaker should be checked to reproduce
78 the actual vehicle loads as realistically as possible.
79 Carry out the vibration with the DUT rigidly mounted on a vibration table for reasons of comparability
80 and reproducibility (see also clauses 5 and 6 in IEC 60068-2-47:2005). If using a bracket is technically
81 unavoidable in order to fix the DUT to the shaker instead of a r
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