ISO/DTR 25609

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 204/WG 5 - Fee and toll collection
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 21-Sep-2026
• Completion Date: 21-Sep-2026

Overview

ISO/DTR 25609: Electronic Fee Collection - Support for Road Safety and Traffic Management explores the evolving role of electronic fee collection (EFC) systems. Traditionally designed for toll revenue collection, EFC systems are increasingly recognized as valuable assets for enhancing road safety and enabling intelligent traffic management. This draft report, prepared by ISO Technical Committee 204, compiles technical analysis and international use cases, demonstrating EFC's potential as a dual-purpose tool in modern transportation environments.

This standard focuses on how tolling infrastructure and associated data can be leveraged to optimize traffic flow, encourage safe driving behavior, and provide real-time traffic information, moving beyond the classic financial perspective of tolling.

Key Topics

• Traffic Flow Optimization: EFC systems use dynamic pricing and time- or vehicle-specific pricing strategies to alleviate congestion and encourage off-peak travel, as seen in variable tolling models worldwide.
• Safe Driving Encouragement: EFC infrastructure supports behavioral feedback using on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment (RSE). Real-time notifications and segment speed monitoring promote safer driving habits.
• Traffic Information Derivation: EFC data, such as timestamps and vehicle identification, serves as a distributed traffic sensing network. This enables segment-level speed monitoring, congestion analysis, and dissemination of safety-related advisories.
• Interoperability and Flexibility: The report addresses system interoperability through standardized interfaces and data models, backwards compatibility with legacy devices, and flexible architecture to accommodate various technologies like DSRC and GNSS.
• Data Quality, Privacy, and Security: The use of EFC for traffic management underscores the critical importance of reliable, anonymized data, real-time information processing, and robust cybersecurity.

Applications

ISO/DTR 25609 highlights several practical applications of EFC beyond traditional toll collection:

• Traffic Demand Management: By integrating toll data with pricing policies, operators can manage peak-period congestion and incentivize off-peak travel, supporting urban mobility goals.
• Safety Zone Detection: EFC systems equipped with GNSS can notify drivers about school zones, restricted lanes, or hazardous areas, leveraging in-vehicle and roadside messaging to promote safer roads.
• Real-Time Traffic Analytics: Using EFC infrastructure for vehicle passage detection and timestamping, authorities can monitor traffic conditions, identify congestion patterns, and distribute timely advisories or alerts.
• Non-Enforcement Feedback: EFC’s feedback mechanisms allow for safe driving encouragement without the need for punitive enforcement, increasing driver awareness through informative warnings and incentives.
• Support for Policy and Planning: Aggregated EFC data can be utilized for evidence-based transportation policy adjustment and infrastructure planning.

Related Standards

To ensure compatibility and foster wider adoption, ISO/DTR 25609 references several established international standards relevant to tolling and integrated transport systems:

• ISO 17573 Series: Covers the architecture and vocabulary for electronic fee collection systems.
• ISO 14906: Specifies the application interface for EFC onboard equipment.
• ISO 12855: Outlines the data exchange between toll chargers and service providers.
• ISO/TS 21192: Focuses on EFC and its role in traffic management and Level of Service monitoring.
• ISO/TR 6026: Provides a framework for automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) and its integration in transport safety.

Conclusion

By leveraging electronic fee collection infrastructure for road safety and traffic management, ISO/DTR 25609 charts a path toward smarter mobility, more efficient road networks, and safer travel for all users. The potential to repurpose existing EFC assets enables cost-effective deployment of advanced transport services while meeting evolving policy objectives and technological standards. This framework supports industry, governmental, and commercial stakeholders as they plan for future mobility needs and interoperability requirements.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 25609
ISO/TC 204
Electronic fee collection —
Secretariat: ANSI
Support for road safety and traffic
Voting begins on:
management
2026-07-28
Perception de télépéage — Assistance à la sécurité routière et à
Voting terminates on:
la gestion du trafic
2026-10-20
ICS: 35.240.60
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
This document has not been edited by the ISO Central Secretariat.
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 25609
ISO/TC 204
Electronic fee collection —
Secretariat: ANSI
Support for road safety and traffic
Voting begins on:
management
Perception de télépéage — Assistance à la sécurité routière et à
Voting terminates on:
la gestion du trafic
ICS: 35.240.60
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2026
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
This document has not been edited by the ISO Central Secretariat. BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: [phone]
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure . 2
5.1 Introduction .2
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies .3
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement .3
5.3.1 OBE and roadside display feedback in closed EFC systems .3
5.3.2 EFC-based driver information and advisory messages using RSE .4
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information .4
6 Use case-based functional analysis . 5
6.1 Objectives of use cases .5
6.2 Common system components .5
6.3 Functional characteristics .6
7 Technical topics and considerations . 6
7.1 Technical implementation using EFC infrastructure .6
7.1.1 General .6
7.1.2 Technical considerations for time-based tolling control .6
7.1.3 Segment speed analysis technology for encouraging safe driving.7
7.1.4 Data collection technology for traffic monitoring .7
7.2 Technical approaches for system interoperability .7
7.2.1 General .7
7.2.2 Functional decoupling principle .7
7.2.3 Standardized interfaces and data models .7
7.2.4 Backward compatibility and migration .7
7.2.5 Interoperability profile and conformance considerations .8
7.3 Flexible system architecture .8
7.4 Sensing and data sources .8
7.5 Data quality and reliability considerations .8
7.6 Data latency and real-time processing considerations .8
7.7 Privacy and data management by design .8
7.8 Cybersecurity and trust model for traffic and safety information .9
7.9 Failure handling and operational resilience .9
8 Future standardization directions and roadmap . 9
8.1 General .9
8.2 Proposed areas for standardization .9
8.3 Proposed roadmap .10
Annex A (informative) Case study analysis .11
Annex B (informative) TDM participation monitoring via EFC (Republic of Korea) .12
Annex C (informative) GNSS-based safety information provision (Singapore) .13
Bibliography .15

iii
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received notice of
(a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
Introduction
Electronic fee collection (EFC) —also known as road user charging (RUC), road fee, and toll collection—
systems have traditionally focused on efficiency and effectiveness of toll revenue collection.
However, evolving mobility needs and intelligent transport systems (ITS) have opened new opportunities
for utilizing EFC-related data beyond billing purposes.
This document was developed to examine how EFC data—originally collected for transaction processing—
can serve broader traffic operation functions. Motivated by observed practices in various national systems,
the document aims to highlight this emerging role and offer insights for future standardization activities.
This Technical Report is informative in nature and does not define normative provisions for implementation.
Instead, it serves as a preparatory step toward possible future development of technical specifications (TS)
or international standards (IS) related to EFC-based applications in safety and mobility services.
[1]
This perspective builds on the findings of ISO/TS 21192 , which already identified how EFC systems
can support traffic management through structured data exchanges (e.g. Level of Service, tariff scheme
adjustment, managed lanes). Whilst ISO/TS 21192 focused on traffic management aspects, the present
document extends the discussion to include road safety functions, positioning EFC as a dual enabler for both
traffic efficiency and safety services.

v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
Electronic fee collection — Support for road safety and traffic
management
1 Scope
This document provides a technical analysis of how toll collection infrastructure and associated data can be
leveraged to support traffic management and road safety objectives. Rather than focusing solely on tolling
as a financial mechanism, this report examines its extended functionality in real-world deployments.
Specifically, it explores the strategic roles that EFC systems and infrastructure can play in:
— Traffic flow optimization through time- or vehicle-specific pricing;
— Safe driving encouragement via EFC-based behavioural feedback mechanisms;
— Real-time traffic information derivation using on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment (RSE)
communication data.
The conceptual framework of this document, which illustrates the transition from a conventional to an
innovative approach, is shown in Figure 1. The document highlights national practices—such as EFC-based
segment speed service in Korea, Japan’s variable toll pricing to redistribute traffic during peak periods,
and Singapore’s congestion pricing system—and analyses technical considerations and opportunities for
standardization.
Figure 1 — Functional scope of EFC architecture including traffic management and safety guidance

ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17573-2, Electronic fee collection — System architecture for vehicle related tolling — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17573-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
ANPR automatic number plate recognition
DSRC dedicated short-range communication
EFC electronic fee collection
GNSS global navigation satellite system
LPN licence plate number
OBD on-board diagnostics
OBE on-board equipment
RFID radio frequency identification
RSE roadside equipment
TDM traffic demand management
TC toll charger
TSP toll service provider
VST vehicle service table
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure
5.1 Introduction
EFC systems have traditionally been implemented to support infrastructure funding, such as recovering
road construction costs or financing ongoing operations. However, recent developments and international
practices have demonstrated that tolling schemes can also serve broader policy objectives. According to
[2]
ISO/TR 21190 , charging can be used not only for cost recovery but also to manage congestion, encourage
sustainable travel behaviour, promote fairness among road users, and support the transition away from fuel
taxes.
ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
In modern intelligent transportation environments, tolling infrastructure and pricing mechanisms have
evolved into multifunctional tools. Beyond their original financial role, EFC systems can now contribute to
real-time traffic operations, behavioural safety interventions, and data-driven mobility services. This clause
explores three strategic functions that have emerged in this context:
— Managing traffic flow through time-dependent or vehicle-specific pricing policies;
— Encouraging safer driving behaviour via EFC-based incentives and post-trip feedback mechanisms;
— Generating traffic intelligence through data collected from EFC infrastructure.
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies
EFC is a practical instrument used globally to manage traffic demand and optimize roadway usage. By
applying dynamic or differentiated pricing based on time of day, vehicle type, distance or a combination
of these, road operators can redistribute traffic, mitigate congestion, and improve road efficiency. Several
national deployments exemplify how toll pricing policies serve as effective tools for traffic flow management.
Furthermore, EFC infrastructure can be utilized for non-monetary traffic demand management by supporting
the monitoring of participation in vehicle restriction schemes, such as voluntary vehicle restriction schemes.
By integrating vehicle diagnostic data with existing dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based
infrastructure, EFC systems can reliably monitor scheme participation without requiring extensive new
roadside sensor networks. A detailed technical architecture for this implementation is provided Annex B
Table 1 provides illustrative cases of using EFC for traffic flow optimization.
Table 1 — National cases of EFC-based tolling for traffic flow optimization
Country Tolling Strategy Objective System Cases
Japan Time-of-day variable pric- Redistribute traffic across
Tokyo Aqua-Line
ing time periods
Singapore Periodically adjusted con- Reduce urban congestion, Electronic Road Pricing
gestion pricing manage peak-hour traffic (ERP)
Korea Promote logistics efficiency, National motorways freight
Night-time freight discounts
reduce congestion toll policy
Encourage off-peak travel, Motorways toll discount for
Commuter-hour discounts
alleviate peak congestion commuting hours
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement
5.3.1 OBE and roadside display feedback in closed EFC systems
In closed EFC systems where entry and exit points are recorded, toll infrastructure can be used not only
to charge fees but also to support safe driving behaviour through real-time feedback mechanisms. One
such method involves using EFC terminals and display units installed in lanes to notify drivers of potential
speeding.
Upon entry into a toll segment, the vehicle’s OBE receives toll rate information and segment distance from
the RSE. When the vehicle exits, the OBE transmits its exit timestamp. By comparing the entry and exit
times along with the known segment distance, the system calculates the vehicle’s average speed.
If this calculated speed exceeds a configured safety speed limit, a warning message is displayed both on the
in-vehicle EFC terminal and on the lane-side visual tolling display, as illustrated in Figure 2. This feedback is
designed to improve awareness and discourage unsafe driving without requiring enforcement actions.

ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
Key
Pre-Entry Initialization System download : Toll rate and distances in toll table
Entry point OBE ↔ RSE : Entry toll ID, Time
Exit point OBE ↔ RSE : Exit toll ID, TimeCalculating speed = distance timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Calculating speed = distance timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Feedback Over-speeding : Message on both OBE and toll lane display
Figure 2 — Flow of EFC-based speed monitoring and feedback system
5.3.2 EFC-based driver information and advisory messages using RSE
In some tolling environments, RSE is deployed to provide targeted safety- or information-oriented
notifications to drivers based on historical or real-time vehicle behaviour. When a vehicle equipped with an
OBE passes by RSE, the system identifies the vehicle ID and references stored event data, such as prior toll
violations, overloading incidents at entry ramps, or unauthorized road usage.
If a relevant condition is met, the RSE transmits a predefined alert message to the OBE. The OBE then
activates an audible or visual message stored in its memory, notifying the driver of the specific issue (e.g.
“Outstanding toll payment,” “Overloaded vehicle detected”). This approach enables non-intrusive, real-time
communication to guide driver behaviour without requiring enforcement personnel on site.
Furthermore, in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based EFC systems, the positioning capability of
the OBE can be leveraged to provide location-based safety information without relying solely on physical
roadside infrastructure. The OBE continuously monitors the vehicle's position for charging purposes and
can notify drivers when they enter specific safety zones (e.g. school zones, silver zones) or restricted lanes
(e.g. bus lanes). This approach demonstrates how EFC can be utilized to support wider road safety objectives
beyond financial transactions. For example, utilizing the GNSS positioning capabilities of the OBE allows for
the direct delivery of localized safety warnings (e.g., school zones, bus lanes) to the driver, minimizing the
need for physical roadside infrastructure.
Annex C outlines the functional architecture and operational mechanism of this location-based safety
advisory service.
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information
In addition to toll collection, EFC infrastructure can be used as a distributed traffic sensing network,
particularly in systems where EFC data includes time and location information. The Republic of Korea
provides a practical implementation case through its deployment of EFC RSE approximately every 2
kilometres on motorways. In this system, when a vehicle passes an RSE, its OBE communicates via a DSRC
GET request to transmit the OBE ID and timestamp.
Subsequent RSE repeats this communication, allowing the central system to calculate travel time between
detection points. With known segment distances, this enables estimation of average speed for each vehicle
segment. This information is not used for enforcement but can support traffic state analysis and potential
over-speed warnings.
[3]
This approach aligns closely with the structure defined in ISO 14906 , which outlines a transaction
model based on phases including initialization and data exchange (e.g. GET operations and attribute
communication). In the Korean case, this process corresponds to the 'Initialization Phase' and 'GET'
functions, where minimal OBE interaction yields meaningful telemetry for traffic flow estimation.

ISO/DIS 25609:2026(en)
This reuse of EFC communication not only serves tolling but enables
...

FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/TC 204
Electronic fee collection —
Secretariat: ANSI
Support for road safety and traffic
Voting begins on:
management
2026-09-21
Perception de télépéage — Assistance à la sécurité routière et à
Voting terminates on:
la gestion du trafic
2026-11-16
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/TC 204
Electronic fee collection —
Secretariat: ANSI
Support for road safety and traffic
Voting begins on:
management
Perception de télépéage — Assistance à la sécurité routière et à
Voting terminates on:
la gestion du trafic
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure . 2
5.1 Introduction .2
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies .3
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement .3
5.3.1 OBE and roadside display feedback in closed EFC systems .3
5.3.2 EFC-based driver information and advisory messages using RSE .4
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information .4
6 Use case-based functional analysis . 5
6.1 Objectives of use cases .5
6.2 Common system components .5
6.3 Functional characteristics .6
7 Technical topics and considerations . 6
7.1 Technical implementation using EFC infrastructure .6
7.1.1 General .6
7.1.2 Technical considerations for time-based tolling control .7
7.1.3 Segment speed analysis technology for encouraging safe driving.7
7.1.4 Data collection technology for traffic monitoring .7
7.2 Technical approaches for system interoperability .7
7.2.1 General .7
7.2.2 Functional decoupling principle .7
7.2.3 Standardized interfaces and data models .7
7.2.4 Backward compatibility and migration .8
7.2.5 Interoperability profile and conformance considerations .8
7.3 Flexible system architecture .8
7.4 Sensing and data sources .8
7.5 Data quality and reliability considerations .8
7.6 Data latency and real-time processing considerations .8
7.7 Privacy and data management by design .9
7.8 Cybersecurity and trust model for traffic and safety information .9
7.9 Failure handling and operational resilience .9
8 Future standardization directions and roadmap . 9
8.1 General .9
8.2 Proposed areas for standardization .9
8.3 Proposed roadmap .10
Annex A (informative) Case study analysis .11
Annex B (informative) TDM participation monitoring via EFC (Republic of Korea) .12
Annex C (informative) GNSS-based safety information provision (Singapore) .13
Bibliography .15

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Electronic fee collection (EFC), also known as road user charging (RUC), road fee, and toll collection, systems
which have traditionally focused on efficiency and effectiveness of toll revenue collection.
However, evolving mobility needs and intelligent transport systems (ITS) have opened new opportunities
for utilizing EFC-related data beyond billing purposes.
This document was developed to examine how EFC data, originally collected for transaction processing, can
serve broader traffic operation functions. Motivated by observed practices in various national systems, the
document aims to highlight this emerging role and offer insights for future standardization activities.
This document is informative in nature and does not define normative provisions for implementation.
Instead, it serves as a preparatory step toward possible future development of technical specifications (TS)
or international standards (IS) related to EFC-based applications in safety and mobility services.
[1]
This perspective builds on the findings of ISO/TS 21192 , which already identified how EFC systems
can support traffic management through structured data exchanges (e.g. Level of service, tariff scheme
adjustment, managed lanes). Whilst ISO/TS 21192 focused on traffic management aspects, the present
document extends the discussion to include road safety functions, positioning EFC as a dual enabler for both
traffic efficiency and safety services.

v
FINAL DRAFT Technical Report ISO/DTR 25609:2026(en)
Electronic fee collection — Support for road safety and traffic
management
1 Scope
This document provides a technical analysis of how toll collection infrastructure and associated data can be
leveraged to support traffic management and road safety objectives. Rather than focusing solely on tolling
as a financial mechanism, this document examines its extended functionality in real-world deployments.
Specifically, it explores the strategic roles that EFC systems and infrastructure can play in:
— traffic flow optimization through time- or vehicle-specific pricing;
— safe driving encouragement via EFC-based behavioural feedback mechanisms;
— real-time traffic information derivation using on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment (RSE)
communication data.
The conceptual framework of this document, which illustrates the transition from a conventional to an
innovative approach, is shown in Figure 1. The document highlights national practices, such as EFC-based
segment speed service in Korea, Japan’s variable toll pricing to redistribute traffic during peak periods,
and Singapore’s congestion pricing system and analyses technical considerations and opportunities for
standardization.
Figure 1 — Functional scope of EFC architecture including traffic management and safety guidance

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17573-2, Electronic fee collection — System architecture for vehicle related tolling — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17573-2 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
ANPR Automatic number plate recognition
DSRC Sedicated short-range communication
EFC Electronic fee collection
GNSS Global navigation satellite system
LPN Licence plate number
OBD On-board diagnostics
OBE On-board equipment
RFID Radio frequency identification
RSE Roadside equipment
TDM Traffic demand management
TC Toll charger
TSP Toll service provider
VST Vehicle service table
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure
5.1 Introduction
EFC systems have traditionally been implemented to support infrastructure funding, such as recovering
road construction costs or financing ongoing operations. However, recent developments and international
practices have demonstrated that tolling schemes can also serve broader policy objectives. According to
[2]
ISO/TR 21190 , charging can be used not only for cost recovery but also to manage congestion, encourage
sustainable travel behaviour, promote fairness among road users, and support the transition away from fuel
taxes.
In modern intelligent transportation environments, tolling infrastructure and pricing mechanisms have
evolved into multifunctional tools. Beyond their original financial role, EFC systems can now contribute to
real-time traffic operations, behavioural safety interventions, and data-driven mobility services. This clause
explores three strategic functions that have emerged in this context:
— managing traffic flow through time-dependent or vehicle-specific pricing policies;
— encouraging safer driving behaviour via EFC-based incentives and post-trip feedback mechanisms;
— generating traffic intelligence through data collected from EFC infrastructure.
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies
EFC is a practical instrument used globally to manage traffic demand and optimize roadway usage. By
applying dynamic or differentiated pricing based on time of day, vehicle type, distance or a combination
of these, road operators can redistribute traffic, mitigate congestion, and improve road efficiency. Several
national deployments exemplify how toll pricing policies serve as effective tools for traffic flow management.
Furthermore, EFC infrastructure can be utilized for non-monetary traffic demand management by supporting
the monitoring of participation in vehicle restriction schemes, such as voluntary vehicle restriction schemes.
By integrating vehicle diagnostic data with existing dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based
infrastructure, EFC systems can reliably monitor scheme participation without requiring extensive new
roadside sensor networks. A detailed technical architecture for this implementation is provided Annex B
Table 1 provides illustrative cases of using EFC for traffic flow optimization.
Table 1 — National cases of EFC-based tolling for traffic flow optimization
Country Tolling Strategy Objective System Cases
Japan Time-of-day variable pric- Redistribute traffic across
Tokyo Aqua-Line
ing time periods
Singapore Periodically adjusted con- Reduce urban congestion, Electronic Road Pricing
gestion pricing manage peak-hour traffic (ERP)
Korea Promote logistics efficiency, National motorways freight
Night-time freight discounts
reduce congestion toll policy
Encourage off-peak travel, Motorways toll discount for
Commuter-hour discounts
alleviate peak congestion commuting hours
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement
5.3.1 OBE and roadside display feedback in closed EFC systems
In closed EFC systems where entry and exit points are recorded, toll infrastructure can be used not only
to charge fees but also to support safe driving behaviour through real-time feedback mechanisms. One
such method involves using EFC terminals and display units installed in lanes to notify drivers of potential
speeding.
Upon entry into a toll segment, the vehicle’s OBE receives toll rate information and segment distance from
the RSE. When the vehicle exits, the OBE transmits its exit timestamp. By comparing the entry and exit
times along with the known segment distance, the system calculates the vehicle’s average speed.
If this calculated speed exceeds a configured safety speed limit, a warning message is displayed both on the
in-vehicle EFC terminal and on the lane-side visual tolling display, as illustrated in Figure 2. This feedback is
designed to improve awareness and discourage unsafe driving without requiring enforcement actions.

Key
Pre-entry initialization System download : Toll rate and distances in toll table
Entry point OBE ↔ RSE : Entry toll ID, Time
Exit point OBE ↔ RSE : Exit toll ID, TimeCalculating speed = distance timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Calculating speed = distance timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Feedback Over-speeding : Message on both OBE and toll lane display
Figure 2 — Flow of EFC-based speed monitoring and feedback system
5.3.2 EFC-based driver information and advisory messages using RSE
In some tolling environments, RSE is deployed to provide targeted safety- or information-oriented
notifications to drivers based on historical or real-time vehicle behaviour. When a vehicle equipped with an
OBE passes by RSE, the system identifies the vehicle ID and references stored event data, such as prior toll
violations, overloading incidents at entry ramps, or unauthorized road usage.
If a relevant condition is met, the RSE transmits a predefined alert message to the OBE. The OBE then
activates an audible or visual message stored in its memory, notifying the driver of the specific issue (e.g.
“Outstanding toll payment,” “Overloaded vehicle detected”). This approach enables non-intrusive, real-time
communication to guide driver behaviour without requiring enforcement personnel on site.
Furthermore, in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based EFC systems, the positioning capability of
the OBE can be leveraged to provide location-based safety information without relying solely on physical
roadside infrastructure. The OBE continuously monitors the vehicle's position for charging purposes and
can notify drivers when they enter specific safety zones (e.g. school zones, silver zones) or restricted lanes
(e.g. bus lanes). This approach demonstrates how EFC can be utilized to support wider road safety objectives
beyond financial transactions. For example, utilizing the GNSS positioning capabilities of the OBE allows for
the direct delivery of localized safety warnings (e.g., school zones, bus lanes) to the driver, minimizing the
need for physical roadside infrastructure.
Annex C outlines the functional architecture and operational mechanism of this location-based safety
advisory service.
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information
In addition to toll collection, EFC infrastructure can be used as a distributed traffic sensing network,
particularly in systems where EFC data includes time and location information. The Republic of Korea
provides a practical implementation case through its deployment of EFC RSE approximately every 2
kilometres on motorways. In this system, when a vehicle passes an RSE, its OBE communicates via a DSRC
GET request to transmit the OBE ID and timestamp.
Subsequent RSE repeats this communication, allowing the central system to calculate travel time between
detection points. With known segment distances, this enables estimation of average speed for each vehicle
segment. This information is not used for enforcement but can support traffic state analysis and potential
over-speed warnings.
[3]
This approach aligns closely with the structure defined in ISO 14906 , which outlines a transaction
model based on phases including initialization and data exchange (e.g. GET operations and attribute
communication). In the Korean case, this process corresponds to the 'Initialization Phase' and 'GET'
functions, where minimal OBE interaction yields meaningful telemetry for traffic flow estimation.

This reuse of EFC communication not only serves tolling but enables additional services such as:
— segment-level speed monitoring;
— congestion pattern identification;
— traffic demand analysis;
— provision of road safety-related information such as accidents, fallen objects, constructionactivities,
broken-down vehicles, weather and road sur
...

ISO/TC 204
ISO/CD TR 25609(en)
Secretariat:  ANSI
Date: 2026-09-07
Electronic fee collection — Support for road safety and traffic
management
Perception de télépéage — Assistance à la sécurité routière et à la gestion du trafic

ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Formatted: French (France)
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Contents
Foreword . iii
Introduction . iii
Scope . iii
Normative references . iii
Terms and definitions . iii
Abbreviated terms . iii
Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure . iii
Introduction . iii
Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies . iii
EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement . iii
Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information . iii
Use case-based functional analysis . iii
Objectives of use cases . iii
Common system components . iii
Functional characteristics . iii
Technical topics and considerations . iii
Technical implementation using EFC infrastructure . iii
Technical approaches for system interoperability . iii
Flexible system architecture . iii
Sensing and data sources . iii
Data quality and reliability considerations . iii
Data latency and real-time processing considerations . iii
Privacy and data management by design . iii
Cybersecurity and trust model for traffic and safety information . iii
Failure handling and operational resilience . iii
Future standardization directions and roadmap . iii
General . iii
Proposed areas for standardization . iii
Proposed roadmap . iii
(informative) Case study analysis . iii
(informative) TDM participation monitoring via EFC (Republic of Korea) . iii
(informative) GNSS-based safety information provision (Singapore) . iii
Bibliography . iii
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure . 2
5.1 Introduction . 2
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies . 3
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement . 3
iii
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information . 4
6 Use case-based functional analysis . 5
6.1 Objectives of use cases . 5
6.2 Common system components . 5
6.3 Functional characteristics . 6
7 Technical topics and considerations . 6
7.1 Technical implementation using EFC infrastructure . 6
7.2 Technical approaches for system interoperability . 7
7.3 Flexible system architecture . 8
7.4 Sensing and data sources . 8
7.5 Data quality and reliability considerations . 8
7.6 Data latency and real-time processing considerations . 9
7.7 Privacy and data management by design . 9
7.8 Cybersecurity and trust model for traffic and safety information . 9
7.9 Failure handling and operational resilience . 9
8 Future standardization directions and roadmap . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Proposed areas for standardization . 10
8.3 Proposed roadmap . 10
Annex A (informative) Case study analysis . 11
Annex B (informative) TDM participation monitoring via EFC (Republic of Korea) . 12
Annex C (informative) GNSS-based safety information provision (Singapore) . 13
Bibliography . 15

iv
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO [had/had not] received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this
may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Introduction
Electronic fee collection (EFC) —), also known as road user charging (RUC), road fee, and toll collection—,
systems which have traditionally focused on efficiency and effectiveness of toll revenue collection.
However, evolving mobility needs and intelligent transport systems (ITS) have opened new opportunities for
utilizing EFC-related data beyond billing purposes.
This document was developed to examine how EFC data—, originally collected for transaction processing—,
can serve broader traffic operation functions. Motivated by observed practices in various national systems,
the document aims to highlight this emerging role and offer insights for future standardization activities.
This Technical Reportdocument is informative in nature and does not define normative provisions for
implementation. Instead, it serves as a preparatory step toward possible future development of technical
specifications (TS) or international standards (IS) related to EFC-based applications in safety and mobility
services.
[1] [1]
This perspective builds on the findings of ISO/TS 21192 , which already identified how EFC systems can
support traffic management through structured data exchanges (e.g. Level of Serviceservice, tariff scheme
adjustment, managed lanes). Whilst ISO/TS 21192 focused on traffic management aspects, the present
document extends the discussion to include road safety functions, positioning EFC as a dual enabler for both
traffic efficiency and safety services.
vi
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Electronic fee collection — Support for road safety and traffic
management
1 Scope
This document provides a technical analysis of how toll collection infrastructure and associated data can be
leveraged to support traffic management and road safety objectives. Rather than focusing solely on tolling as
a financial mechanism, this reportdocument examines its extended functionality in real-world deployments.
Specifically, it explores the strategic roles that EFC systems and infrastructure can play in:
— Traffictraffic flow optimization through time- or vehicle-specific pricing;
— Safesafe driving encouragement via EFC-based behavioural feedback mechanisms;
— Realreal-time traffic information derivation using on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment
(RSE) communication data.
The conceptual framework of this document, which illustrates the transition from a conventional to an
innovative approach, is shown in Figure 1. The document highlights national practices—, such as EFC-based
segment speed service in Korea, Japan’s variable toll pricing to redistribute traffic during peak periods, and
Singapore’s congestion pricing system— and analyses technical considerations and opportunities for
standardization.
Figure 1 — Functional scope of EFC architecture including traffic management and safety guidance
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17573-2, Electronic fee collection — System architecture for vehicle related tolling — Part 2: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given inISOin ISO 17573-2 apply.
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
ANPR automaticAutomatic number plate recognition
DSRC dedicatedSedicated short-range communication
EFC electronicElectronic fee collection
GNSS globalGlobal navigation satellite system
LPN licenceLicence plate number
OBD onOn-board diagnostics
OBE onOn-board equipment
RFID radioRadio frequency identification
RSE roadsideRoadside equipment
TDM trafficTraffic demand management
TC tollToll charger
TSP tollToll service provider
VST vehicleVehicle service table
5 Strategic roles of toll pricing and infrastructure
5.1 Introduction
EFC systems have traditionally been implemented to support infrastructure funding, such as recovering road
construction costs or financing ongoing operations. However, recent developments and international
practices have demonstrated that tolling schemes can also serve broader policy objectives. According to
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
[2]
ISO/TR 21190,ISO/TR 21190 , charging can be used not only for cost recovery but also to manage
congestion, encourage sustainable travel behaviour, promote fairness among road users, and support the
transition away from fuel taxes.
In modern intelligent transportation environments, tolling infrastructure and pricing mechanisms have
evolved into multifunctional tools. Beyond their original financial role, EFC systems can now contribute to
real-time traffic operations, behavioural safety interventions, and data-driven mobility services. This clause
explores three strategic functions that have emerged in this context:
— Managingmanaging traffic flow through time-dependent or vehicle-specific pricing policies;
— Encouragingencouraging safer driving behaviour via EFC-based incentives and post-trip feedback
mechanisms;
— Generatinggenerating traffic intelligence through data collected from EFC infrastructure.
5.2 Traffic flow optimization through tolling strategies
EFC is a practical instrument used globally to manage traffic demand and optimize roadway usage. By applying
dynamic or differentiated pricing based on time of day, vehicle type, distance or a combination of these, road
operators can redistribute traffic, mitigate congestion, and improve road efficiency. Several national
deployments exemplify how toll pricing policies serve as effective tools for traffic flow management.
Furthermore, EFC infrastructure can be utilized for non-monetary traffic demand management by supporting
the monitoring of participation in vehicle restriction schemes, such as voluntary vehicle restriction schemes.
By integrating vehicle diagnostic data with existing dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based
infrastructure, EFC systems can reliably monitor scheme participation without requiring extensive new
roadside sensor networks. A detailed technical architecture for this implementation is provided Annex B
Table 1 provides illustrative cases of using EFC for traffic flow optimization.
Table 1 — National cases of EFC-based tolling for traffic flow optimization
Country Tolling Strategy Objective System Cases
Japan Time-of-day variable Redistribute traffic across
Tokyo Aqua-Line
pricing time periods
Singapore Periodically adjusted Reduce urban congestion, Electronic Road Pricing
congestion pricing manage peak-hour traffic (ERP)
Korea Promote logistics
Night-time freight National motorways
efficiency, reduce
discounts freight toll policy
congestion
Encourage off-peak travel, Motorways toll discount
Commuter-hour discounts
alleviate peak congestion for commuting hours
5.3 EFC-based approaches for safe driving encouragement
5.3.1 OBE and roadside display feedback in closed EFC systems
In closed EFC systems where entry and exit points are recorded, toll infrastructure can be used not only to
charge fees but also to support safe driving behaviour through real-time feedback mechanisms. One such
method involves using EFC terminals and display units installed in lanes to notify drivers of potential speeding.
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Upon entry into a toll segment, the vehicle’s OBE receives toll rate information and segment distance from the
RSE. When the vehicle exits, the OBE transmits its exit timestamp. By comparing the entry and exit times along
with the known segment distance, the system calculates the vehicle’s average speed.
If this calculated speed exceeds a configured safety speed limit, a warning message is displayed both on the
in-vehicle EFC terminal and on the lane-side visual tolling display, as illustrated in Figure 2. This feedback is
designed to improve awareness and discourage unsafe driving without requiring enforcement actions.

Key
Pre-Entry Initializationentry initialization System download : Toll rate and distances in toll table
Entry point OBE ↔ RSE : Entry toll ID, Time
Exit point OBE ↔ RSE : Exit toll ID, TimeCalculating speed = distance ÷ timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Calculating speed = distance ÷ timeSpeed is compared to threshold
Feedback Over-speeding : Message on both OBE and toll lane display
Figure 2 — Flow of EFC-based speed monitoring and feedback system
5.3.2 EFC-based driver information and advisory messages using RSE
In some tolling environments, RSE is deployed to provide targeted safety- or information-oriented
notifications to drivers based on historical or real-time vehicle behaviour. When a vehicle equipped with an
OBE passes by RSE, the system identifies the vehicle ID and references stored event data, such as prior toll
violations, overloading incidents at entry ramps, or unauthorized road usage.
If a relevant condition is met, the RSE transmits a predefined alert message to the OBE. The OBE then activates
an audible or visual message stored in its memory, notifying the driver of the specific issue (e.g. “Outstanding
toll payment,” “Overloaded vehicle detected”). This approach enables non-intrusive, real-time communication
to guide driver behaviour without requiring enforcement personnel on site.
Furthermore, in global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based EFC systems, the positioning capability of the
OBE can be leveraged to provide location-based safety information without relying solely on physical roadside
infrastructure. The OBE continuously monitors the vehicle's position for charging purposes and can notify
drivers when they enter specific safety zones (e.g. school zones, silver zones) or restricted lanes (e.g. bus
lanes). This approach demonstrates how EFC can be utilized to support wider road safety objectives beyond
financial transactions. For example, utilizing the GNSS positioning capabilities of the OBE allows for the direct
delivery of localized safety warnings (e.g., school zones, bus lanes) to the driver, minimizing the need for
physical roadside infrastructure.
Annex C outlines the functional architecture and operational mechanism of this location-based safety advisory
service.
5.4 Toll infrastructure utilization for provision of traffic information
In addition to toll collection, EFC infrastructure can be used as a distributed traffic sensing network,
particularly in systems where EFC data includes time and location information. The Republic of Korea
provides a practical implementation case through its deployment of EFC RSE approximately every 2
kilometres on motorways. In this system, when a vehicle passes an RSE, its OBE communicates via a DSRC GET
request to transmit the OBE ID and timestamp.
ISO/CD TRDTR 25609:2026(en)
Subsequent RSE repeats this communication, allowing the central system to calculate travel time between
detection points. With known segment distances, this enables estimation of average speed for each vehicle
segment. This information is not used for enforcement but can support traffic state analysis and potential
over-speed warnings.
[3]
This approach aligns closely with the structure defined in ISO 14906,ISO 14906 , which outlines a
transaction model based on phases including initialization and data exchange (e.g. GET operations and
attribute communication). In the Korean case, this process corresponds to the 'Initialization Phase' and 'GET'
functions, where minimal OBE interaction yields meaningful telemetry for traffic flow estimation.
This reuse of EFC communication not only serves tolling but enables additional services such as:
— Segmentsegment-level speed monitoring;
— Congestioncongestion pattern identification;
— Traffictraffic demand analysis;
—
...