ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017

Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 1AB: Station and media access control connectivity discovery

The scope of ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017 is to define a protocol and management elements, suitable for advertising information to stations attached to the same IEEE 802 LAN, for the purpose of populating physical topology and device discovery management information databases. The protocol facilitates the identification of stations connected by IEEE 802 LANs/MANs, their points of interconnection, and access points for management protocols. ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017 defines a protocol that a) Advertises connectivity and management information about the local station to adjacent stations on the same IEEE 802 LAN. b) Receives network management information from adjacent stations on the same IEEE 802 LAN. c) Operates with all IEEE 802 access protocols and network media. d) Establishes a network management information schema and object definitions that are suitable for storing connection information about adjacent stations. e) Provides compatibility with the IETF PTOPO MIB (IETF RFC 2922 [B9]).1

Technologies de l'information — Télécommunications et échange d'information entre systèmes — Réseaux locaux et métropolitains — Exigences spécifiques — Partie 1AB: Découverte de connectivité des stations et du contrôle d'accès aux supports

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Aug-2017
• ICS: 35.110 - Networking
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 23-May-2025
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Amended By: ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017/Amd 2:2023 - Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 1AB: Station and media access control connectivity discovery - Amendment 2: Support for multiframe protocol data units
• Effective Date: 24-Sep-2022
• Amended By: ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017/Amd 1:2023 - Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements - Part 1AB: Station and media access control connectivity discovery - Amendment 1: YANG data model
• Effective Date: 24-Sep-2022
• Revises: ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2014 - Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 1AB: Station and media access control connectivity discovery
• Effective Date: 23-Jul-2016

Overview

ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017 (also published as IEEE Std 802.1AB-2016) defines a protocol and managed-object model for discovering physical topology and device connectivity on IEEE 802 local and metropolitan area networks (LANs/MANs). Commonly associated with the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and topology discovery, the standard specifies how stations advertise and receive connectivity and management information so network management systems can populate topology and device discovery databases.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Discovery protocol and management elements: Defines a protocol suitable for advertising local-station information to adjacent IEEE 802 stations and for receiving information from neighbors.
• Connectivity advertisement: Stations must be able to advertise connectivity and management data to adjacent devices on the same IEEE 802 LAN.
• Interoperability with IEEE 802 access protocols and media: Designed to operate across all IEEE 802 access protocols and network media used in LANs and MANs.
• Network management schema and object definitions: Establishes a management information schema and object definitions for storing connection information about adjacent stations (suitable for Management Information Bases).
• Compatibility with IETF PTOPO MIB: Provides compatibility with the IETF PTOPO MIB (IETF RFC 2922), enabling integration with SNMP-based topology models.
• Use cases emphasized by the scope: populating physical topology, device discovery databases, identifying points of interconnection and management protocol access points.

Practical applications

• Network topology discovery and mapping - automated collection of link-level neighbor information for accurate topology visualization.
• Inventory and asset discovery - building and maintaining databases of connected devices and their interconnection points.
• Fault isolation and network troubleshooting - quickly identifying neighboring devices and ports for faster incident response.
• Network management and orchestration - feeding discovery data into NMS, OSS/BSS, automation and orchestration tools for configuration and lifecycle management.
• Security and auditing - validating physical connectivity and exposing unexpected devices or links.

Who would use this standard

• Network architects and engineers implementing topology discovery and mapping solutions.
• Network equipment manufacturers and firmware developers implementing LLDP functionality.
• NMS/SNMP tool vendors integrating PTOPO/LLDP data into management dashboards.
• Data center operators, service providers, and enterprise IT teams needing accurate physical connectivity information.
• Standards bodies and integrators ensuring cross-vendor interoperability at the link layer.

Related standards

• IEEE Std 802.1 family (link-layer bridging and LAN/MAN frameworks)
• IETF PTOPO MIB - RFC 2922 (topology MIB compatibility referenced by 8802-1AB)
• ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB:2017 is the ISO-adopted version of IEEE Std 802.1AB-2016

Keywords: ISO/IEC/IEEE 8802-1AB, IEEE 802.1AB, LLDP, link layer discovery protocol, topology discovery, PTOPO MIB, network management, LAN connectivity discovery.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC/
STANDARD IEEE
8802-1AB
Second edition
2017-07
Information technology —
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems — Local
and metropolitan area networks —
Specific requirements —
Part 1AB:
Station and media access control
connectivity discovery
Technologies de l’information — Télécommunications et échange
d’information entre systèmes — Réseaux locaux et métropolitains —
Exigences spécifiques —
Partie 1AB: Découverte de connectivité des stations et du contrôle
d’accès aux supports
Reference number
©
IEEE 2016
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© IEEE 2016 – All rights reserved iii

IEEE Std 802.1AB™-2016
(Revision of
IEEE Std 802.1AB-2009)
IEEE Standard for
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Station and Media Access Control
Connectivity Discovery
Sponsor
LAN/MAN Standards Committee
of the
IEEE Computer Society
Approved 29 January 2016
IEEE-SA Standards Board
Abstract: A protocol and a set of managed objects that can be used for discovering the physical ®
topology from adjacent stations in IEEE 802 LANs are defined in this document.
Keywords: IEEE 802.1AB™, link layer discovery protocol, management information base,
topology discovery, topology information
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Participants
At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA for approval, the IEEE 802.1 Working Group had
the following membership:
Glenn Parsons, Chair
John Messenger, Vice Chair and Maintenance Task Group Chair
Tony Jeffree, Editor
Christian Boiger Hal Keen Jessy Rouyer
Paul Bottorff Stephan Kehrer Panagiotis Saltsidis
David Chen Marcel Kiessling Michael Seaman
Feng Chen Philippe Klein Daniel Sexton
Weiying Cheng Jouni Korhonen Johannes Specht
Rodney Cummings Yizhou Li Wilfried Steiner
János Farkas Christophe Mangin Patricia Thaler
Norman Finn Tom McBeath David Thornburg
Geoffrey Garner James McIntosh Jeremy Touve
Eric Gray Hiroki Nakano
Paul Unbehagen
Craig Gunther Bob Noseworthy
Karl Weber
Stephen Haddock Donald R. Pannell Brian Weis
Mark Hantel Walter Pienciak Jordon Woods
Marc Holness Karen Randall Helge Zinner
Michael Johas Teener Maximilian Riegel Juan Carlos Zuniga
Dan Romascanu
The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have
voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention.
Thomas Alexander Raj Jain Robert Robinson
Butch Anton Tony Jeffree Benjamin Rolfe
Lee Armstrong Michael Johas Teener Dan Romascanu
Stefan Aust Adri Jovin Jessy Rouyer
Christian Boiger Shinkyo Kaku John Santhoff
Nancy Bravin Piotr Karocki Bartien Sayogo
William Byrd Stuart Kerry Michael Seaman
Juan Carreon Yongbum Kim Thomas Starai
Rodney Cummings Paul Lambert Eugene Stoudenmire
Douglas Dorr Robert Landman Rene Struik
János Farkas David Lewis Walter Struppler
Yukihiro Fujimoto Arthur H. Light Michael Swearingen
David Gregson William Lumpkins Patricia Thaler
Randall Groves Michael Lynch Mark-Rene Uchida
Craig Gunther Elvis Maculuba Lorenzo Vangelista
Jonathon McLendon
Stephen Haddock Dmitri Varsanofiev
Marek Hajduczenia Richard Mellitz
George Vlantis
Jerome Henry John Messenger Khurram Waheed
Marco Hernandez Charles Moorwood Karl Weber
Guido Hiertz Michael Newman Hung-Yu Wei
Werner Hoelzl Nick S. A. Nikjoo Natalie Wienckowski
Noriyuki Ikeuchi Satoshi Obara Andreas Wolf
Sergiu Iordanescu Alon Regev Oren Yuen
Atsushi Ito Maximilian Riegel Zhen Zhou
vi
When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 29 January 2016, it had the following
membership:
John Kulick, Chair
Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair
Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair
Konstantinos Karachalios, Secr etary
Masayuki Ariyoshi Joseph L. Koepfinger* Stephen J. Shellhammer
Ted Burse David J. Law Adrian P. Stephens
Stephen Dukes Hung Ling Yatin Trivedi
Jean-Phillippe Faure Andrew Myles Phillip Winston
T. W. Olsen Don Wright
J. Travis Griffith
Glenn Parsons Yu Yuan
Gary Hoffman
Daidi Zhong
Ronald C. Peterson
Michael Janezic
Annette D. Reilly
*Member Emeritus
Historical participants
Included is a historical list of participants in the IEEE 802.1 Working Group who have dedicated their
valuable time, energy, and knowledge to the creation of this material.
The following individuals participated in the 2005 publication of this standard.
Tony Jeffree, Chair
Paul Congdon, Vice Chair
Bill Lane, Technical Editor
Mick Seaman, Interworking Task Group Chair
Les Bell Neil Jarvis Ken Patton
Manu Kaycee
Paul Bottorff Frank Reichstein
Jim Burns Hal Keen John Roese
Marco Carugi Roger Lapuh Allyn Romanow
Dirceu Cavendish Loren Larsen Dan Romascanu
Arjan de Heer Joe Lawrence Jessy V. Rouyer
Anush Elangovan Yannick Le Goff Ali Sajassi
Hesham Elbakoury Marcus Leech Dolors Sala
David Elie-Dit-Cosaque Mahalingam Mani Muneyoshi Suzuki
Norm Finn Dinesh Mohan
Jonathan Thatcher
David Frattura Bob Moskowitz Michel Thorsen
Gerard Goubert Don O’Connor Dennis Volpano
Steve Haddock Don Pannell Karl Weber
Ran Ish-Shalom Glenn Parsons Ludwig Winkel
Atsushi Iwata Michael D. Wright
vii
The following individuals participated in the 2009 publication of this standard.
Tony Jeffree, Chair and Editor
Paul Congdon, Vice Chair
Stephen Haddock, Chair, Interworking Task Group
Romain Insler
Osama Aboul-Magd Ananda Rajagopal
Michael Johas Teener Karen T. Randall
Zehavit Alon
Caitlin Bestler Abhay Karandikar Guenter Roeck
Jan Bialkowski Prakash Kashyap Josef Roese
Hal Keen
Rob Boatright Derek J. Rohde
Keti Kilcrease Dan Romascanu
Jean-Michel Bonnamy
Paul Bottorff Yongbum Kim Moran Roth
Rudolf Brandner Philippe Klein Jessy V. Rouyer
Mike Ko
Craig W. Carlson Jonathan Sadler
Weiying Cheng Vinod Kumar Ali Sajassi
Rao Cherukuri Bruce Kwan Joseph Salowey
Paul Congdon Kari Laihonen Panagiotis Saltsidis
Michael Lerer
Diego Crupnicoff Satish Sathe
Claudio Desanti Gael Mace John Sauer
Zhemin Ding Ben Mack-Cran Michael Seaman
Linda Dunbar David Martin Koichiro Seto
Riccardo Martinotti
Hesham M. Elbakoury Himanshu Shah
David Elie-Dit-Cosaque Alan McGuire Nurit Sprecher
János Farkas James McIntosh Kevin B. Stanton
Donald Fedyk Menucher Menuchery Robert A. Sultan
John Messenger Muneyoshi Suzuki
Norman Finn
Robert Frazier Matthew Mora George Swallow
John Fuller Eric Multanen Attila Takacs
Geoffrey Garner Kevin Nolish Patricia Thaler
Oliver Thorp
Anoop Ghanwani Hiroshi Ohta
Franz Goetz David Olsen Manoj Wadekar
Yannick Le Goff Donald Pannell Yuehua Wei
Eric Gray Glenn Parsons Brian Weis
Bert Wijnen
Karanvir Grewal Joseph Pelissier
Craig Gunther David Peterson Michael D. Wright
Mitch Gusat Hayim Porat Chien-Hsien Wu
Asif Hazarika Max Pritikin Ken Young
Glen Zorn
Charles Hudson
viii
The following individuals participated in the development of Corrigendum 1 to the 2009 publication of this
standard.
Tony Jeffree, Chair and Editor
Glenn Parsons, Vice-Chair and Maintenance Task Group Chair
Ting Ao Robert Grow Karen Randall
Kenneth Boehlke Yingjie Gu Josef Roese
Christian Boiger Craig Gunther Dan Romascanu
Brad Booth Stephen Haddock Jessy Rouyer
Hitoshi Hayakawa
Paul Bottorff Ali Sajassi
Jeffrey Catlin Mirko Jakovljevic Panagiotis Saltsidis
Xin Chang Markus Jochim Rick Schell
Weiying Cheng Michael Johas Teener Michael Seaman
Girault Jones Koichiro Seto
Diego Crupnicoff
Rodney Cummings Daya Kamath Daniel Sexton
Donald Eastlake, III Hal Keen Rakesh Sharma
János Farkas Yongbum Kim Johannes Specht
Donald Fedyk Philippe Klein Kevin Stanton
Norman Finn Oliver Kleineberg Wilfried Steiner
Andre Fredette Jeff Lynch Patricia Thaler
Geoffrey Garner Ben Mack-Crane Jeremy Touve
Anoop Ghanwani John Messenger Albert Tretter
Franz Goetz Eric Multanen Maarten Vissers
Mark Gravel Henry Muyshondt Yuehua Wei
Min Xiao
Eric Gray David Olsen
Donald Pannell
The following individuals participated in the development of Corrigendum 2 to the 2009 publication of this
standard.
Glenn Parsons, Working Group Chair
John Messenger, Vice-Chair and Maintenance Task Group Chair
Tony Jeffree, Editor
Ting Ao Hitoshi Hayakawa Dan Romascanu
Christian Boiger Jeremy Hitt
Jessy V. Rouyer
Paul Bottorff Rahil Hussain
Panagiotis Saltsidis
David Chen Michael Johas Teener
Behcet Sarikaya
Feng Chen Peter Jones
Michael Seaman
Weiying Cheng Hal Keen
Daniel Sexton
Diego Crupnicoff Marcel Kiessling
Johannes Specht
Rodney Cummings Yongbum Kim
Kevin B. Stanton
Patrick Diamond Philippe Klein
Wilfried Steiner
Aboubacar Kader Diarra Jouni Korhonen
Vahid Tabatabaee
János Farkas Jeff Lynch
Patricia Thaler
Ben Mack-Crane
Norman Finn
Jeremy Touve
Geoffrey Garner Christophe Mangin
Karl Weber
Anoop Ghanwani James McIntosh
Yuehua Wei
Mark Gravel Eric Multanen
Brian Weis
Eric W. Gray Donald Pannell
Craig Gunther Karen Randall Jordon Woods
Stephen Haddock Maximilian Riegel Juan-Carlos Zuniga
ix
Introduction
This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 802.1AB™-2016, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—
Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery.
This revision of IEEE Std 802.1AB does not include any new functionality. It simply incorporates the
following into the base text of the 2009 revision:
— IEEE Std 802.1AB-2009/Cor 1-2013
— IEEE Std 802.1AB-2009/Cor 2-2015
Three annexes from the 2009 revision have been deleted:
— Annex D (Using LLDP to detect potential communication problems) was deleted because it was
considered to be no longer useful.
— Annex E and Annex F were deleted because the material in them can be found in Annex D of
IEEE Std 802.1Q-2014 and Clause 79 of IEEE Std 802.3-2012, respectively.
The bibliography (found in Annex G of the 2009 revision) is Annex D in this revision.
x
Contents
1. Overview. 1
1.1 Scope. 2
1.2 Purpose. 2
2. Normative references. 3
3. Definitions and numerical representation . 5
3.1 Definitions. 5
3.2 Numerical representation. 6
4. Acronyms and abbreviations. 7
5. Conformance. 9
5.1 Terminology. 9
5.2 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS). 9
5.3 Required capabilities. 9
5.4 Optional capabilities . 10
6. Principles of operation . 11
6.1 Transmission and reception . 12
6.2 LLDP operational modes . 12
6.3 LLDP information categories . 13
6.4 TLV selection. 13
6.5 Transmission principles . 13
6.6 Reception principles. 14
6.7 Systems with multiple LLDP Agents . 14
6.8 LLDP and Link Aggregation . 18
7. LLDPDU transmission, reception, and addressing. 19
7.1 Destination address . 19
7.2 Source address . 21
7.3 EtherType use and encoding.21
7.4 LLDPDU reception. 22
8. LLDPDU and TLV formats. 23
8.1 LLDPDU bit and octet ordering conventions . 23
8.2 LLDPDU format . 23
8.3 TLV categories. 24
8.4 Basic TLV format . 24
8.5 Basic management TLV set formats and definitions. 26
8.6 Organizationally Specific TLVs . 34
9. LLDP agent operation. 37
9.1 Overview. 37
9.2 State machines . 40
10. LLDP management . 57
10.1 Data storage and retrieval . 57
xi
10.2 The LLDP management entity’s responsibilities. 57
10.3 Managed objects . 59
10.4 Data types. 59
10.5 LLDP variables . 59
11. LLDP MIB definitions. 62
11.1 Internet Standard Management Framework. 62
11.2 Structure of the LLDP MIB . 62
11.3 Relationship to other MIBs. 67
11.4 Security considerations for LLDP base MIB module. 68
11.5 LLDP MIB modules . 70
Annex A (normative) PICS proforma. 121
Annex B (normative) PTOPO MIB update . 127
Annex C (informative) Example LLDP transmission frame formats. 128
Annex D (informative) Bibliography. 129
xii
List of figures
Figure 6-1, LLDP agent and its relationship to its LLC entity . 11
Figure 6-2, Relationship between LLDP agents, LLC Entities, MSAPs, and the LLDP
management entity. 15
Figure 6-3, LLDP in a MAC Bridge. 16
Figure 6-4, LLDP in an end system with port-based network access control . 16
Figure 6-5, LLDP in a MAC Bridge that uses port-based network access control on both ports . 17
Figure 6-6, Scope of group MAC addresses. 17
Figure 6-7, Multiplexing and demultiplexing using shims. 18
Figure 7-1, MSDU format. 19
Figure 8-1, LLDPDU format . 23
Figure 8-2, Basic TLV format . 24
Figure 8-3, End Of LLDPDU TLV format. 26
Figure 8-4, Chassis ID TLV format. 26
Figure 8-5, Port ID TLV format . 28
Figure 8-6, Time To Live TLV format . 29
Figure 8-7, Port Description TLV format. 29
Figure 8-8, System Name TLV format. 30
Figure 8-9, System Description TLV format. 31
Figure 8-10, System Capabilities TLV format . 31
Figure 8-11, Management Address TLV format . 33
Figure 8-12, Basic format for Organizationally Specific TLVs . 35
Figure 9-1, Transmit state machine . 54
Figure 9-2, Receive state machine. 55
Figure 9-3, Transmit timer state machine. 56
Figure 11-1, LLDP MIB block diagram . 62
Figure C.1, IEEE 802.3 LLDP frame format. 128
Figure C.2, IEEE 802.11 LLDP frame format. 128
xiii
List of tables
Table 7-1, Group MAC addresses used by LLDP . 20
Table 7-2, Support for MAC addresses in different systems. 21
Table 7-3, LLDP EtherType . 22
Table 8-1, TLV type values . 25
Table 8-2, chassis ID subtype enumeration . 27
Table 8-3, port ID subtype enumeration. 28
Table 8-4, System capabilities . 32
Table 9-1, Subclause/operating mode applicability. 37
Table 9-2, State machine symbols . 41
Table 11-1, MIB object groups and operating mode applicability . 63
Table 11-2, LLDP MIB structure and object cross reference. 63
xiv
IEEE Standard for
Local and metropolitan area networks—
Station and Media Access Control
Connectivity Discovery
IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, security, health,
or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks.
Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all
appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all
applicable laws and regulations.
This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers.
These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may
be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers
Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from  IEEEor  viewedat
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) specified in this standard allows stations attached to an

IEEE 802 LAN to advertise, to other stations attached to the same IEEE 802 LAN, the major capabilities
provided by the system incorporating that station, the management address or addresses of the entity or
entities that provide management of those capabilities, and the identification of the station’s point of
attachment to the IEEE 802 LAN required by those management entity or entities.
The information distributed via this protocol is stored by its recipients in a standard Management
Information Base (MIB), making it possible for the information to be accessed by a Network Management
System (NMS) using a management protocol such as the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
IEEE Std 802.1AB-2016
IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery
1.1 Scope
The scope of this standard is to define a protocol and management elements, suitable for advertising
information to stations attached to the same IEEE 802 LAN, for the purpose of populating physical topology
and device discovery management information databases. The protocol facilitates the identification of
stations connected by IEEE 802 LANs/MANs, their points of interconnection, and access points for
management protocols.
This standard defines a protocol that
a) Advertises connectivity and management information about the local station to adjacent stations on
the same IEEE 802 LAN.
b) Receives network management information from adjacent stations on the same IEEE 802 LAN.
c) Operates with all IEEE 802 access protocols and network media.
d) Establishes a network management information schema and object definitions that are suitable for
storing connection information about adjacent stations.
e) Provides compatibility with the IETF PTOPO MIB (IETF RFC 2922 [B9]).
1.2 Purpose
An IETF MIB (IETF RFC 2922 [B9]) and a number of vendor specific MIBs have been created to describe
a network’s physical topology and associated systems within that topology.
This standard specifies the necessary protocol and management elements to
a) Facilitate multi-vendor inter-operability and the use of standard management tools to discover and
make available physical topology information for network management.
b) Make it possible for network management to discover certain configuration inconsistencies or
malfunctions that can result in impaired communication at higher layers.
c) Provide information to assist network management in making resource changes and/or re-
configurations that correct configuration inconsistencies or malfunctions identified in b) above.
The numbers in brackets correspond to those in the bibliography in Annex D.
IEEE Std 802.1AB-2016
IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in the text and its relationship to this
document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
 2, 3
IEEE Std 802 , IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture.
™
IEEE Std 802.1AC , IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks—Media Access Control
(MAC) Service Definition.
™
IEEE Std 802.1AE , IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Media Access Control
(MAC) Security.
™
IEEE Std 802.1AX , IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Link Aggregation.
™
IEEE Std 802.1Q , IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Bridges and Bridged
Networks.
™
IEEE Std 802.1X , IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Port-Based Network
Access Control.
™
IEEE Std 802.3 , I
...