ISO/DIS 27919-2

Carbon dioxide capture

Captage du dioxyde de carbone

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 27919-2
ISO/TC 265 Secretariat: SCC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-08-27 2020-11-19
Carbon dioxide capture —
Part 2:
Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable
performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant
integrated with a power plant
ICS: 13.020.40
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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.2 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4 Principles ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.2 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3 Reliable performance ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.4 Ensuring and maintaining reliable performance ...................................................................................................... 7

4.5 Procedure outline ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

4.5.1 Outline of procedure flow ........................................................................................................................................ 7

4.5.2 Process step 1 to 3 outline — Main part ..................................................................................................... 8

4.5.3 Process step 4 to 6 outline — Evaluations of items peculiar to a PCC plant

with some uncertainty ................................................................................................................................................ 9

4.6 Governing principles .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 Availability, reliability and maintainability - basic concepts for a PCC plant .....................................10

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

5.2 Spatial and temporal evaluation boundary .................................................................................................................11

5.3 Evaluation and quantification of availability .............................................................................................................11

5.4 Evaluation and quantification of reliability ......... ........................................................................................................12

5.5 Evaluation and quantification of maintainability ..................................................................................................14

5.6 Combined aspect of availability, reliability and maintainability ...............................................................15

5.7 Unavailability (three categories) ..........................................................................................................................................15

6 Defining reliability, availability and maintainability in the design stage ..............................................16

6.1 Procedure of design evaluation .............................................................................................................................................16

6.2 PCC plant definition .........................................................................................................................................................................16

6.3 Basic design phase ............................................................................................................................................................................16

7 Determining reliability and availability in the operational stage .................................................................17

7.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17

7.2 R eview of operation result .........................................................................................................................................................17

7.3 Basic operation pattern for evaluation and reporting of operation .......................................................17

7.4 Normal operation (transient and steady) .....................................................................................................................19

7.5 Start-up and shut-down ...............................................................................................................................................................20

7.6 Emergency operations ..................................................................................................................................................................21

7.7 Downtime .................................................................................................................................................................................................21

7.8 Plant operator organization and training .....................................................................................................................21

8 Implications for maintenance .............................................................................................................................................................21

8.1 Maintainability and mean downtime ...............................................................................................................................21

8.2 Maintenance strategies .................................................................................................................................................................22

9 Reporting availability ...................................................................................................................................................................................23

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................23

9.2 PCC plant capacity availability and product CO producibility ..................................................................24

9.3 Schedule compliance ......................................................................................................................................................................26

9.4 Time availability .................................................................................................................................................................................27

9.5 On-stream factor .................................................................................................................................................................................28

Annex A (informative) Detailed evaluation procedure to ensure and maintain stable

performance of a post-combustion CO capture plant ..............................................................................................30

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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)

Annex B (informative) The reference plant and its component experience ............................................................38

Annex C (informative) Technology Qualification ..................................................................................................................................44

Annex D (informative) Classification of influence factors for PCC plant capacity availability

and Product CO producibility in Clause 9 .............................................................................................................................45

Annex E (informative) PCC plant achievability .......................................................................................................................................46

Annex F (informative) Calculation example of each KPI ...............................................................................................................48

Annex G (Informative) Map of key issues and items to be checked relating the performance

requirement ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................52

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................56

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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC265.
A list of all parts in the ISO 27919 series can be found on the ISO website.
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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
Introduction

It is very important to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) emission in order to meet climate

change mitigation targets. Inclusion of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) among the variety

of available emission reduction approaches enhances the probability of meeting these targets at the

lowest cost to the global economy. CO capture from gases produced by combustion of carbonaceous

fuels is the only technology capable of dealing directly with emissions from power plants and other

industrial sectors, such as cement manufacture and fertilizer production.

This document is the second in a series of standards for post-combustion CO capture (PCC) from a

power plant using a liquid-based chemical absorption process. Building on the first standard on

evaluation of key performance parameters (KPIs), this document provides an evaluation procedure to

assure and maintain reliable performance of a PCC plant integrated with a power plant. New or revised

standards focusing on other CO capture technologies and approaches will be developed later.

PCC is applicable to all combustion-based thermal power plants. A simplified block diagram illustrating

the PCC is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Simplified block diagram for PCC

In a typical power generation facility, carbonaceous fuel (e.g. coal, oil, gas, biomass) is combusted

with air in a boiler to raise steam that drives a turbine/generator to produce power. In a gas turbine

combined cycle system, the combustion occurs in the gas turbine to drive power generation, and steam

generated through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) contributes to additional power generation.

Flue gas from the boiler or gas turbine consists mostly of N , CO , H O and O with smaller amounts

2 2 2 2

of other compounds depending on the fuel used. The CO capture process is located downstream of

conventional pollutant controls. Chemical absorption-based PCC usually requires the extraction of

steam from the power plant’s steam cycle or, depending on the absorption liquid/process employed, the

use of lower grade heat sources for absorption liquid regeneration.

The economic and environmental value of a PCC plant is not only determined by its technical

performance, but also by its ability to achieve and maintain stable operation as required by its owners/

stakeholders. The owner of the flue gas source has an interest in sustained CO -emission reductions;

the owner of the CO -product has an interest being able to supply CO at the desired rate regardless of

2 2

external conditions; The CO receiver has an interest in CO -product availability for its own operations.

2 2
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The provision of a framework for quantifying and assessing the stability of a PCC plant operation

according to this standard will clarify PCC plant availability at the design and operational stage. It will

also underpin the quantification of plant reliability and maintainability.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
Carbon dioxide capture —
Part 2:
Evaluation procedure to assure and maintain stable
performance of post-combustion CO2 capture plant
integrated with a power plant
1 Scope

This document provides definitions, guidelines and supporting information for evaluating and

reporting (in respect of the basic design items ongoing and the operational results of a reference plant

or unit as feedback to ensure) the (designed) performance of a PCC plant integrated with the host power

plant which separates CO from the power plant flue gas in preparation for subsequent transportation

and geological storage. The physical system being addressed is a single power plant, optionally with an

auxiliary unit to provide thermal energy required for the PCC plant, and a single PCC plant as described

in ISO 27919-1.

The formulas and methods presented in this document describe issues that are addressed during the

design and construction phases (to assure reliable performance) and to practices that can document

reliability and availability during routine operation. These practices would also guide ongoing

maintenance programs.

This document does not provide guidelines for benchmark, comparison or assessment studies for PCC

plant operations using different capture technologies (i.e. absorbents), nor does it specify appropriate

operating conditions such as temperature etc.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 27919-1:2018, Carbon dioxide capture — Part 1: Performance evaluation methods for post-combustion

CO2 capture integrated with a power plant
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
administrative delay
delay to maintenance incurred for administrative reasons
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-7-12), modified]
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3.1.2
availability

ability of a PCC plant integrated with the power plant to be in a state to perform as required under

given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required

external resources are provided
3.1.3
corrective maintenance
maintenance carried out after fault detection to effect restoration

Note 1 to entry: Corrective maintenance of critical items disrupts the plant availability.

3.1.4
critical item

item that needs to be available and operating in order for the PCC plant to be available

3.1.5
downtime

time interval for which the item is in a state of being unable to perform as required due to internal

faults, or preventive maintenance
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-02-21), modified]
3.1.6
emergency operation

type of sudden shut-down operation to protect hardware from damage. If the cause of the emergency

trip shut-down is solved without corrective maintenance repair, such as adjustment of operating

conditions or control parameter, it is linked by sudden restoration or resumption

3.1.7
external influence
critical items occurring outside of the PCC plant evaluation boundary
3.1.8
failure mechanism
process that leads to failure

Note 1 to entry: The process may be physical, chemical, logical, or a combination thereof.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-03-12), modified]
3.1.9
item
subject being considered

Note 1 to entry: An item may be an individual part, component, device, functional unit, equipment, subsystem,

or system.

Note 2 to entry: An item may consist of hardware, software, people or any combination thereof.

Note 3 to entry: An item is often comprised of elements that may each be individually considered.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-01-01), modified]
3.1.10
logistic delay

delay, excluding administrative delay, incurred for the provision of resources needed for a maintenance

action to proceed or continue
[SOURCE: ISO 20815:2018, definition 3.1.24]
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3.1.11
maintainability

ability to be retained in, or restored to, a state in which the required function can be performed under

given conditions
3.1.12
maintenance

combination of all technical and management actions intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a

state in which it can perform as required
Note 1 to entry: Management is assumed to include supervision activities.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-06-01]
3.1.13
mean downtime
MDT
expectation of the downtime
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-08-10)]
3.1.14
mean time between failures
MTBF

average time between failures which initiate a forced outage, i.e. the ratio of attempted operating hours

to the number of forced outages
3.1.15
mission time
duration of the mission
[SOURCE: ISO 10438-1:2007(en), 3.1.19]
3.1.16
net dependable capacity
NDC

gross dependable capacity minus the unit capacity using for that unit’s station services or auxiliaries

[SOURCE: ISO 3977-9]
3.1.17
nominal product CO capacity

highest continuous flow rate of delivering captured CO under typical representative conditions defined

by the plant operator
3.1.18
normal operation

operation where the product CO is exported to the transporting system maintaining the required

performance based on ISO 27919-1
3.1.19
on-stream factor

ratio of the summation of all on-stream time to the reference period, with both expressed as hours

3.1.20
outage

time interval for which the item is in a state of being unable to perform as required, for any reason

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-02-19), modified]
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3.1.21
PCC plant
process and associated equipment that produces a CO stream from combustion gases
[SOURCE: ISO 27919-1:2018(en), 3.1.26]
3.1.22
PCC plant capacity availability

availability of PCC plant from a perspective of product CO amount during a reference period

Note 1 to entry: It is mathematically defined by Formula (3)
[SOURCE: ISO 3977-9:1999(E), modified]
3.1.23
PCC plant load

ratio of ‘the product CO capacity (in operation) to the ‘nominal product CO capacity (flow rate)’,

2 2
expressed as a percentage
3.1.24
planned (scheduled) maintenance
maintenance carried out in accordance with a specified time schedule

Note 1 to entry: Scheduled maintenance may identify the need for some corrective maintenance action.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-06-12), modified]
3.1.25
preventive maintenance

maintenance carried out in accordance with an established time schedule and performing according to

a prescribed criteria

Note 1 to entry: See also condition-based maintenance (192-06-07), and scheduled maintenance (192-06-12).

[SOURCE: ISO 23815-1]
3.1.26
project cycle

series of phases of which a project consists, e.g. basic design, engineering, manufacturing, commissioning

and operation
3.1.27
product CO amount
volume, moles or mass of CO resulting from the PCC process
3.1.28
product CO capacity
total flow rate of the captured CO exported
Note 1 to entry: It is generally expressed as product CO amount per hour.
3.1.29
product CO producibility

ratio of the product CO produced to the total amount of produced nominal product CO

2 2
3.1.30
proven technology element
element with low or acceptable uncertainty levels
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3.1.31
redundancy

item where an equivalent unit can be put online to provide the same function should the principal item

fail to provide the service

Note 1 to entry: Redundancy is related to a strategy of design, where a spare system or component is provided so

that, even if one critical item fails, the spare system or component will operate in place of the deficient item such

that plant performance is not affected.
3.1.32
reference period

period of time between an initial time and an end time over which all historical or projected performance

metrics are measured or projected
Note 1 to entry: Reference period is equivalent to period hours (PH).
3.1.33
reliability

measure of the probability of success for an operation to perform its intended function and the ability

of each item to perform its intended function in an assembled PCC plant during a given interval.

3.1.34
reliable performance
ability of a PCC plant to function as intended
3.1.35
schedule compliance

ratio of the product CO amount to the scheduled CO product amount requirement met (historical) or

2 2
to be met (projected) by the PCC plant within a given time period
3.1.36
service hours
accumulated period of time from main flame ignition through to flame extinction
[SOURCE: ISO 3977-9:1999(en), 3.98]
3.1.37
shut-down

event during which all required function of a PCC plant, and its equipment, is brought from an operating

state to a stoppage state under the control of a programmed sequence
3.1.38
stand-by state
non-operating state during the required period
3.1.39
starting reliability

probability of successful start-up when the PCC plant is on stream within a specified period

3.1.40
start-up

act of getting a PCC plant and its equipment from a stoppage state ready to activate its items to an

operation state
3.1.41
technical delay

accumulated time necessary to perform auxiliary technical actions associated with the maintenance

action itself
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3.1.42
time availability

ratio of PCC plant unavailable time (excluding external influences) subtracted from the reference period

to the reference period

Note 1 to entry: an available time is calculated by subtraction of the unavailable time from reference period.

3.1.43
time reliability
ability of a system to perform
3.1.44
unavailability

PCC plant is not in a state to perform as required due to the internal reason or preventive maintenance

3.1.45
uptime

time interval during which a PCC plant is in a state of being able to perform as required

Note 1 to entry: Absence of necessary external resources may prevent operation, but do not affect the up state.

[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192 (192-02-02), modified]
3.2 Abbreviations
CCS carbon dioxide capture and storage
DSS daily start and stop
EHS environment, health and safety
EOR enhanced oil recovery
EPC engineering, procurement and construction
ESD emergency shut-down
KPIs key performance indicators
MDT mean downtime
MR mission reliability
MTBF mean time between failure
MTPM mean time for preventive maintenance
MTTR mean time to repair
PCA PCC plant capacity availability
PCC post-combustion CO capture
RAM reliability, availability and maintainability
SR starting reliability
TA time availability
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ISO/DIS 27919-2:2020(E)
TQ technology qualification
TR time reliability
TRL technology readiness level
4 Principles
4.1 Introduction
The evaluation procedure described in this document assumes the following:

a) A PCC plant shall be designed, manufactured and constructed in line with proven and established

engineering practices during the whole project life cycle.

b) A PCC plant design may be a combination of proven technology items with some novel ones which

can contribute to improve performance and/or economy in construction o
...