ISO 14687:2025
(Main)Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product specification
This document specifies the minimum quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel as distributed for utilization in residential, commercial, industrial, vehicular and stationary applications. This document is applicable to hydrogen fuelling applications, which are listed in Table 2.
Qualité du carburant hydrogène — Spécification de produit
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 14687
Second edition
Hydrogen fuel quality — Product
2025-02
specification
Qualité du carburant hydrogène — Spécification de produit
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions .1
3.2 Abbreviated terms .3
4 Classification and application. 3
4.1 Classification .3
4.2 Application .3
5 Hydrogen quality requirements for PEM fuel cell road vehicle application . 4
5.1 Fuel quality specification .4
5.2 Analytical method .5
5.3 Sampling .6
5.4 Hydrogen quality control .6
6 Hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuel, quality requirements for PEM fuel cell stationary
applications . 6
6.1 Fuel quality specification .6
6.2 Quality verification .8
6.2.1 General requirements .8
6.2.2 Analytical requirements of the qualification tests .8
6.2.3 Report results .8
6.3 Sampling .8
6.3.1 Sample size .8
6.3.2 Selection of the sampling point .8
6.3.3 Sampling procedure .8
6.3.4 Particulates in gaseous hydrogen .9
7 Hydrogen quality requirements for applications other than PEM fuel cell road vehicle
and stationary applications . 9
7.1 Fuel quality specification .9
7.2 Quality verification .11
7.2.1 General requirements .11
7.2.2 Production qualification tests .11
7.3 Sampling .11
7.3.1 Sample size .11
7.3.2 Gaseous samples .11
7.3.3 Liquid samples (vaporized) .11
Annex A (informative) Rationale for the selection of hydrogen impurities for PEM fuel cell road
vehicle application .12
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the selection of the boundary point for PEM fuel cell
stationary applications .15
Annex C (informative) Rationale for the selection of hydrogen impurities to be measured for
PEM fuel cell stationary applications .18
Annex D (informative) Pressure swing adsorption and applicability of CO as an indicator for
PEM fuel cell stationary applications .20
Annex E (informative) Grade A: Gaseous hydrogen for applications other than PEM fuel cell
road vehicle and stationary applications — rationale for parameter selection and value
specifications .21
Annex F (informative) Hydrogen quality for internal combustion engine applications .23
iii
Bibliography .27
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 197, Hydrogen technologies.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14687:2019), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— a new Grade of hydrogen quality for internal combustion engine (Grade F) applications has been added
in Informative Annex F;
— rationale for each Grade D specification has been moved from ISO19880-8 to this document;
— each specification for each Grade has been modified reflecting recent research work and change in
industrial needs.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
In recent years, the landscape for using hydrogen as a fuel has changed significantly in response to its
potential to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This shift is influenced by challenges
on both the hydrogen supply side, such as production technologies and supply chain infrastructure, and also
the hydrogen energy usage side, including advancements in fuel cell and combustion technology. To address
these changing conditions, the hydrogen fuel specifications in this document have been updated.
The hydrogen fuel specifications for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications in this
[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
document are primarily based on research, development and data on the following items
[10][11][12][13][14]
:
— PEM fuel cell catalyst and fuel cell tolerance to hydrogen fuel impurities;
— effects/mechanisms of impurities on fuel cell power systems and components;
— impurity detection and measurement techniques for laboratory, production and in-field operations;
— fuel cell vehicle demonstration and stationary fuel cell demonstration results.
Grade D and grade E in this document are intended to apply to PEM fuel cells for road vehicles and stationary
appliances, respectively. These aim to facilitate the provision of hydrogen of reliable quality balanced with
acceptable lower cost for the hydrogen fuel supply.
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