ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017
(Main)Information technology — User interface component accessibility — Part 15: Guidance on scanning visual information for presentation as text in various modalities
Information technology — User interface component accessibility — Part 15: Guidance on scanning visual information for presentation as text in various modalities
ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 provides guidance on various aspects of the user interface of applications that scan visual information that are used directly by humans, including: - initiating the scanning application; - setting user's preferences and configuring the scanning application; - identifying the types of information currently of interest to the user; - locating visual objects of interest to the user; - creating a static image via scanning the visual object; - identifying the information content provided by the visual object; - processing scanned information and outputting the results to the user. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 provides increased accessibility by addressing the user accessibility needs of diverse users in diverse contexts. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be applied to a variety of devices, including: - specialized devices that are dedicated to scanning and processing visual information; - mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets); - general purpose computers with camera capabilities; - office machines with scanning functions. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be applied to various types of software, including: - stand-alone scanning applications; - applications including scanning functionalities; - (scanning) applications that interoperate with other applications. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be used for outputting scanned information in various modalities, including: - audio outputs; - visual outputs; - tactile outputs; - storing information for future use within the application performing the scanning; - electronic outputs (to other applications, systems, or devices including those directly connected and those connected via the Internet). ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 does not: - apply to fully automated scanning that is not under direct human control; - apply to applications that scan visual information for editing an image or just displaying it; - provide guidance on the design of specific hardware devices involved in scanning; - provide guidance on the specific objects that can be recognized or the specific software used to recognize these objects; - provide guidance on the internal functioning of software that recognizes specific types of objects. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 is intended for use by developers of applications that include user controlled scanning functionalities. It does not expect that an application includes all of these functionalities. It can be used for those functionalities that an application does provide.
Technologies de l'information — Accessibilité du composant interface utilisateur — Partie 15: Recommandations relatives à la numérisation des informations visuelles en vue d'une présentation sous forme de texte selon différentes modalités
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TS
SPECIFICATION 20071-15
First edition
2017-12
Information technology — User
interface component accessibility —
Part 15:
Guidance on scanning visual
information for presentation as text in
various modalities
Technologies de l'information — Accessibilité du composant interface
utilisateur —
Partie 15: Recommandations relatives à la numérisation des
informations visuelles en vue d'une présentation sous forme de texte
selon différentes modalités
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2017
© ISO/IEC 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Conformance . 3
5 Overview of scanning visual information for presentation as text in various modalities .3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Contexts for scanning . 4
5.3 Framework for scanning. 4
5.4 Types of devices . 5
5.5 Type of software . 6
5.6 Scanning modes . 7
6 Guidance on scanning visual information for presentation as text in various modalities .8
6.1 General guidance . 8
6.1.1 Provide scanning results according to the purpose . 8
6.1.2 Provide scanning results equivalent to the object being scanned . 8
6.1.3 Provide focus adjustment . 8
6.1.4 Provide exposure adjustment . 8
6.1.5 Provide position adjustment . 9
6.1.6 Providing distance adjustment . 9
6.1.7 Provide orientation adjustment . 9
6.1.8 Provide accessible initiation of scanning . 9
6.1.9 Provide notification during scanning progress .10
6.1.10 Provide the scanning results in a textual representation .10
6.2 User preference settings .11
6.2.1 Enabling user preference settings .11
6.2.2 Selecting scanning modes .11
6.2.3 Selecting purpose of use.11
6.2.4 Selecting image resolution .11
6.2.5 Selecting image enhancement .11
6.2.6 Controlling presentation of visual guidance .11
6.2.7 Selecting post-processing components .12
6.2.8 Selecting modalities for textual representation .12
6.2.9 Selecting other application(s) to be invoked .12
6.2.10 Storing and retrieving user preferences . .12
6.3 Scanning input .12
6.3.1 General.12
6.3.2 Scanning/capturing appropriate images .13
6.3.3 Enhancing image quality .13
6.3.4 Recording scanned images .13
6.3.5 Naming scanned images .14
6.3.6 Retrieving scanned images for processing .14
6.4 Processing .14
6.4.1 General.14
6.4.2 Presenting results of processing .14
6.4.3 Pre-processing: selecting visual objects of interest . .14
6.4.4 Post-processing: respecting the context .15
6.5 Output .15
6.5.1 General.15
6.5.2 Presenting accessible scanning results .15
6.5.3 Invoking other applications: passing the scanning results .15
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved iii
6.5.4 Privacy protection and security .16
Annex A (informative) Scanning visual information for presentation as text in various
modalities — Use cases .17
Annex B (informative) Checklist of recommendations .21
Bibliography .24
iv © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 35, User interfaces.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 20071 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved v
Introduction
There are a wide variety of visual objects in a user's environment that provide information that could
be scanned and processed to output text-based information about or related to the object. Providing
text-based information can provide accessibility to diverse users in various contexts of use, including:
— persons who cannot see the information (due to vision or environmental limitations);
— persons who cannot approach the information closely enough to see it (due to physical or
environmental limitations);
— people who cannot understand the information (due to cognitive or linguistic limitations);
— where the information is provided in a format that human cannot directly understand (e.g. barcodes,
QR codes);
— where information content, beyond what is in the scanned image, can be obtained through additional
processing.
This document provides guidance on various aspects of the user interface of applications that scan
visual information. This includes selecting the types of information that are of interest to the user,
helping the user locate visual objects of interest, helping the user position the object or device used for
scanning, scanning the information, processing the scanned image, and outputting textual information
in various modalities.
The guidance contained in this document can be applied to a wide range of devices, applications, and
contexts of use.
vi © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017(E)
Information technology — User interface component
accessibility —
Part 15:
Guidance on scanning visual information for presentation
as text in various modalities
1 Scope
This document provides guidance on various aspects of the user interface of applications that scan
visual information that are used directly by humans, including:
— initiating the scanning application;
— setting user's preferences and configuring the scanning application;
— identifying the types of information currently of interest to the user;
— locating visual objects of interest to the user;
— creating a static image via scanning the visual object;
— identifying the information content provided by the visual object;
— processing scanned information and outputting the results to the user.
This document provides increased accessibility by addressing the user accessibility needs of diverse
users in diverse contexts.
This document contains guidance that can be applied to a variety of devices, including:
— specialized devices that are dedicated to scanning and processing visual information;
— mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets);
— general purpose computers with camera capabilities;
— office machines with scanning functions.
This document contains guidance that can be applied to various types of software, including:
— stand-alone scanning applications;
— applications including scanning functionalities;
— (scanning) applications that interoperate with other applications.
This document contains guidance that can be used for outputting scanned information in various
modalities, including:
— audio outputs;
— visual outputs;
— tactile outputs;
— storing information for future use within the application performing the scanning;
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 1
— electronic outputs (to other applications, systems, or devices including those directly connected
and those connected via the Internet).
This document does not:
— apply to fully automated scanning that is not under direct human control;
— apply to applications that scan visual information for editing an image or just displaying it;
— provide guidance on the design of specific hardware devices involved in scanning;
— provide guidance on the specific objects that can be recognized or the specific software used to
recognize these objects;
— provide guidance on the internal functioning of software that recognizes specific types of objects.
This document is intended for use by developers of applications that include user controlled scanning
functionalities. It does not expect that an application includes all of these functionalities. It can be used
for those functionalities that an application does provide.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
scanning
use of a camera or similar function to obtain image data
3.2
recognition
processing of scanned image (3.6) to locate and identify visual objects of interest (3.4)
3.3
visual information
recognizable information presented by a visual object
3.4
object of interest
type of object that has been chosen by a user
3.5
information of interest
type of information that has been chosen to be processed by a scanning (3.1) system
3.6
scanned image
data resulting from scanning (3.1)
2 © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
3.7
scanning application
software that scans visual objects, recognizes and processes the objects of interest (3.4), and outputs
the information about the objects
3.8
cropping
cutting off part(s) of a scanned image (3.6) so that its dimensions, and possibly its
information content, are changed
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 5127:2017, 3.5.9.1.08, modified — “a document or graphic” has been replaced by “a
scanned image”.]
4 Conformance
It is recognized that all of the functionalities recommended in this document might not be implemented.
If an organization claims conformity of a system with this document, then it shall document:
a) the decisions of which recommendations from this document are and are not applicable to the system;
b) how it addresses each of the applicable recommendations in this document or the justifications for
any course of action that deviates from any of the applicable recommendations.
In making such a claim, an organization should be specific about the basis on which it is made and should
have evidence to support the claim. The claim can be based on self-assessment or by an assessment
carried out by another party.
Annex B provides assistance in documenting conformance to this document.
5 Overview of scanning visual information for presentation as text in various
modalities
5.1 General
Humans recognize a multitude of objects in the real world and in scanned image, despite the fact that
their vision of the objects can vary somewhat from different viewpoints, in different sizes and scales or
even when they are translated or rotated.
As a type of computer vision technology, object recognition is the task of finding and identifying the
visual objects of interest. Utilizing this technology allows for a wide range of applications that can
provide information associated with the object. It can identify, locate, and retrieve information of the
physical features of the object, and search for detailed information relevant to the scanned image.
Utilizing this technology can help users with diverse capabilities in diverse contexts to identify and
understand objects as well as environments. Users, who will be aided by this technology include:
— users who cannot see the visual object being scanned;
— users who cannot directly understand the visual object being scanned;
— users who cannot sufficiently approach the visual object being scanned.
Contextual examples of use that can be provided by this technology include:
— where the information is not provided in a format that a human can directly understand (e.g.
barcodes, QR codes);
— where the information content beyond what is in the scanned image can be obtained through
additional processing.
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 3
In order to be of use to the widest range of users, the results will be provided by textual or other
informative forms of presentation.
NOTE Annex A contains example use cases for scanning visual information for presentation as text.
5.2 Contexts for scanning
A scanning application captures (or scans) visual objects, identifies the visual objects of interest in the
scanned images, finds out the visual information of interest, and provides the scanning results to the user.
In everyday life, people can encounter a variety of applications that use scanning functionalities.
EXAMPLE 1 When the customer places the printed barcode of a product under the barcode reader installed on
the wall of the store, the customer can get the product information recognized by the reader through the display
attached to the reader (see A.1).
EXAMPLE 2 By connecting the document scanner and the refreshable braille display to a PC and activating the
optical character recognition (OCR) application, the user can read the content of the document in braille (see A.3).
EXAMPLE 3 By installing and activating a colour-aware application on the mobile device, a person who cannot
distinguish colour can recognize the colour of the selected garment without the help of others (see A.4).
EXAMPLE 4 By installing and activating an application on the mobile device that identifies the number of
visual objects specified by the user, it is easy to determine how many objects exist in the direction the mobile
device camera points (see A.5).
EXAMPLE 5 Someone who cannot see waits for a bus putting on a wearable scanning system that recognizes
shapes and text. This person can identify the bus he/she wants to take through the information the system reads
by voice (see A.6).
EXAMPLE 6 When a traveller captures a landmark image using a mobile device, on which the scanning
application analyses the image and automatically opens the web browser to search information about the
landmark, the traveller enjoys the pleasures of travelling more than he/she would without the mobile device and
the scanning application (see A.7).
EXAMPLE 7 When a person using the address book management software purchases a business card scanner
and scans business cards, he or she then conveniently stores the name and phone number without typing them
(see A.8).
5.3 Framework for scanning
The procedure of scanning, which inputs visual objects by scanning, identifies visual objects of interest
and generates visual information of interest, shown in Figure 1.
Scanning can be done on a wide range of visual objects including (but not limited to) visual text,
graphic codes and/or other identifiable visual objects. Visual text includes text on a printed material,
a signboard, a road sign or a business card, etc. Graphic code includes (but not limited to) barcodes,
icons, emoticons, traffic signs, etc. Other identifiable visual objects include daily goods, transportation,
landmark, etc.
The scanning process consists of three steps.
First is the scan input step, which scans the visual object to obtain the scanned image. In this step,
the user positions the visual object of interest within the camera angle, adjusts the size of the object. It
might be necessary to adjust the exposure or focus the object to get a good quality image. The scanned
image will be used in subsequent steps or can be stored for future use.
Second is the processing step, which extracts the visual information of interest of the scanned image.
This step is the core of the scanning application.
Pre-processing is the initiating phase of the processing step, which identifies the visual objects of
interest in the scanned image according to the purpose of the scanning application. Subsequently, main-
processing extracts the visual information from the scanned (visual) objects.
4 © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
Post-processing is optionally performed by the user’s behest to carry out additional tasks (e.g.
translation, database search).
Typically, the processing step proceeds without the user’s intervention, once initiated.
Third is the output step, which provides the user with textual information about the visual information
of interest extracted in the processing step. Textual information is presented in suitable modalities for
user characteristics.
NOTE Some modalities include visual, audio, and tactile presentation.
In some cases, the textual information of the output step is used as an argument when the scanning
application invokes other applications without providing the scanning results directly to the user. In
this case, the user is provided with the result of the callee instead of the caller.
These three steps can be repeated by request of the users or until the scanned result presents the
desired outcome.
Setup defines the user preference settings, required during the scanning process. Specifying the type
of visual object of interest is a part of the user preference setting. Defining the output modality is also
considered as the user preference setting.
Figure 1 — Procedure of scanning visual information for presentation as text in various
modalities
5.4 Types of devices
Typically, a scanning application consists of three components for (scanning) input, processing (scanned
input), and outputting (results). Depending on the type of components, a scanning application can be
implemented as an all-in-one device or as individual devices that are connected with or without wire
connection. Scanning applications can be implemented on:
— specialized scanning devices that are dedicated to scanning and processing visual information;
— mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets);
— general purpose computers with camera capabilities;
— office machines with scanning function.
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 5
NOTE 1 This distinction is not intended to limit the range of usage. There might be other type of devices or
system that could be configured.
Specialized devices are those that are dedicated for one or more types of visual information in which
the hardware and software are integrated within. Scanning applications can also be implemented on a
range of mobile devices or general purpose computers containing cameras with processing capabilities
as well as output capabilities. A wider variety of processing can be obtained by connecting to other
applications that might be on the device or remotely connected.
The scanning input component consists of the scanning input device, such as a camera or a scanner that
is used to obtain scanned images of visual objects.
NOTE 2 Scanners tend to provide their own light for viewing an object and thus are typically used at short
distances from the object being scanned.
NOTE 3 Cameras can be used at longer distances from objects and can make use of existing lighting or might
provide additional lighting, when needed.
NOTE 4 Regardless of whether a scanner or a camera was used, a scanned image that has been obtained will
be referred to as “scanned image” within this document.
NOTE 5 The scanning input component can include a step for increasing the quality of the scanned image. This
step can be performed automatically or manually in accordance to the user's instruction.
Scanning components can be fixed (in their location), hand-held or wearable.
EXAMPLE 1 Wall-mounted fingerprint scanners and cameras on laptop computers are some examples of
scanning input devices that are typically fixed in a single location where it is easier to take the object to the
scanner than the scanner to the object.
EXAMPLE 2 Barcode scanners, OCR pen scanners, smartphone cameras, tablet cameras are some examples of
hand-held scanning input devices.
EXAMPLE 3 Cameras mounted on glasses, smart watch cameras, wearable ring cameras are some examples
of wearable scanning input devices. The processing component is used to store the scanned information,
to recognize objects of interest from the scanned image, and to process recognizable information within the
scanned image to generate appropriate information. Data that are used for analysing a scanned image could be
stored either in the scanning device itself or in storage, which is connected to the processing component via the
Internet or cloud. Likewise, the processing could take place in the scanning device, via remote connection or by a
combination of locations.
The processing component includes the scanning application and the hardware on which the application
is running. The scanning application of the processing component identifies all the visual objects of
interest from the scanned image, received from the scanning input component and then the component
recognizes the visual information from these objects.
The processing component is also responsible for providing the user with the ability to configure the
scanning application and set user preferences (including identifying the types of information currently
of interest to the user).
Various output components (that are either part of the scanning device or that could be connected to
the scanning device) can present the information generated by the scanning application.
When an assistive technology (AT) device is installed in the scanning system, the output component
provides the information to the user through the AT device.
5.5 Type of software
In everyday life, people often encounter software that uses scanning functionality. Some software itself
constitutes a scanning application. Some applications are designed to include scanning functionalities
or to interact with an independent scanning application.
6 © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
Scanning applications can be implemented as:
— stand-alone scanning applications;
— applications including scanning functionalities;
— applications that interoperate with other applications.
NOTE This distinction is not intended to limit the range of usage. There can be other type of software that
could be configured.
Stand-alone scanning applications are software that was originally designed to scan and process visual
information. In this kind of application, the processing results are mostly delivered directly to the user.
EXAMPLE 1 Scanning applications that identify products and their attributes from codes (e.g. barcodes or QR
codes), reading text or colour of objects are examples of stand-alone scanning applications.
Applications can include scanning functions as a means of inputting information that will be further
used by the application.
EXAMPLE 2 Mobile applications to handle business cards recognize the characters and automatically extract
personal information, such as name, phone number, address, etc. This information can be used to add new
contacts to an existing address book or call the person. In this application, the scanned image of the business
card can be read from a file or can be scanned in real-time.
Applications that interoperate with other applications utilize other applications in order to process the
recognized object. In some cases, several applications can be interoperated in sequence.
EXAMPLE 3 A scanning application recognizes an object (e.g. a barcode or QR code), sends the name of the
object to a web browser, and receives search results from the web browser.
EXAMPLE 4 A scanning application recognizes English text, sends it to a translation software, receives Korean
text, sends it to the web browser and receives search results in Korean.
5.6 Scanning modes
There are two main modes of scanning: user-initiated and automatic scanning.
NOTE 1 This distinction is not intended to limit the use of this document. There might be other modes or
combinations of modes that could be used.
In user-initiated scanning, the scanning application captures the scanned image when the user
initiates the scan. In automatic scanning, the scanning application recognizes the object of interest and
automatically captures the scanning image.
The user directs the device to an object and moves the device or object slowly to recognize the object.
The automatic scanning mode continues this process until the system automatically recognizes and
captures the object, while in the user-initiated scanning mode, it is until the user has captured the object.
EXAMPLE 1 A barcode reader application uses automatic scanning.
EXAMPLE 2 A scanning application, which uses automatic scanning, goes through steps for detecting visual
information from a scanned image.
EXAMPLE 3 A smartphone application, which recognizes text, scans a document when users push a button on
the touch screen.
NOTE 2 In a scanning application, different scanning modes can be applied for each type of object.
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 7
6 Guidance on scanning visual information for presentation as text in various
modalities
6.1 General guidance
6.1.1 Provide scanning results according to the purpose
A scanning application shall identify the visual objects of interest to the user.
If the application did not identify any objects, it shall inform the user that objects have not been
identified.
NOTE Scanning applications can be used for a variety of purposes. If the purpose of the application differs
from the purpose of use, the user cannot obtain the desired result.
EXAMPLE A QR-code scanner cannot recognize the data matrix code.
6.1.2 Provide scanning results equivalent to the object being scanned
A scanning application should provide scanning results that are equivalent to the objects of interest
being scanned.
EXAMPLE 1 The barcode scanning result is equivalent to the text contained in the barcode.
EXAMPLE 2 The result of colour recognition is not always the same depending on the surrounding brightness.
NOTE The scanning result is also used as a cue for users to determine whether the scanning is successful or
not (see 6.1.9).
EXAMPLE 3 An application reads “nothing found” when it did not identify the visual object of interest.
6.1.3 Provide focus adjustment
A scanning system shall provide a way to focus the visual objects of interest.
NOTE 1 There are many ways to focus on visual objects of interest, including:
— designing the system handheld type so that the user can move to obtain an accurate focus image;
— providing guidance so that the user can move the object to focus;
— using an autofocus function.
NOTE 2 With the autofocus function, it does not require the user to adjust the focus.
6.1.4 Provide exposure adjustment
A scanning system should provide a way to adjust the exposure of the visual objects of interest.
NOTE 1 Automatic exposure control is convenient because it does not need to adjust exposure of visual
objects.
EXAMPLE 1 An application scans after adjusting the exposure through a trial scan.
EXAMPLE 2 In a scanning system with manual iris control, the user captures an image of the object while
slowly adjusting the aperture.
NOTE 2 When the exposure is low, using an additional light source (e.g. flash) will help to obtain better
exposed images.
EXAMPLE 3 If the exposure is insufficient, the scanning application informs the user “low light” or “use flash”.
8 © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
6.1.5 Provide position adjustment
A scanning system should provide an accessible means for capturing or scanning the image when the
visual object of interest is located within the camera angle.
NOTE 1 Providing visual guidance is helpful to a user to locate visual objects of interest in the target area,
usually the centre of the image display.
NOTE 2 Visual guidance is often provided as a target area for locating and sizing object images (see 6.1.6).
EXAMPLE 1 A scanning application provides a cross-hair in the centre of the image display.
NOTE 3 Audio or vibration guidance that helps the user to move the object into the target area or recognizable
distance can be provided for proper positioning.
EXAMPLE 2 A barcode application provides voice guidance, such as “Barcode is in top left of image frame.
Please move your camera to top left for successful scanning.”
NOTE 4 Scanning applications, which indicate the presence of an object of interest, might not need to provide
positioning guidance.
EXAMPLE 3 Alarm sounds, such as “ding-dong”, when the object of interest is recognized.
6.1.6 Providing distance adjustment
A scanning system should provide an accessible means to capture the visual object of interest whose
resolution is sufficiently enough to recognize the information presented by the object.
NOTE 1 Capturing visual objects of interest within large images can have the effect of eliminating unnecessary
backgrounds.
NOTE 2 Capture a sufficiently large visual object of interest can be made possible by:
— designing the handheld system so that the user can easily move closer to the objects of interest;
— providing a pedestal for placing the objects so that the system can capture an appropriate image of the object;
— using zoom lens or software-assisted zoom-in functionality;
— using a high-resolution camera or scanner (and crop unnecessary objects from the image).
NOTE 3 Guidance, which estimates the size of the object appearing in the image, is helpful to capture a larger
object image.
EXAMPLE A semi-transparent rectangular guide is engraved on the display of the system to position the
visual object of interest.
6.1.7 Provide orientation adjustment
A scanning system should provide an accessible means to adjust the orientation of the scanned object
in the image.
NOTE 1 When the orientation of the scanned image is not appropriate, the system can prompt the user to
change the orientation of the object.
NOTE 2 Some systems can automatically adjust object orientation.
6.1.8 Provide accessible initiation of scanning
A scanning system shall provide an accessible means to initiate the scan.
NOTE 1 There are several means of scanning initiations, including:
— activation of controls (e.g. pressing a button, clicking an icon);
© ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved 9
— voice command;
— gesture input, etc.
NOTE 2 Some scanning applications, which provide an automatic scanning mode, start scanning when the
user activates the application or the scanning system using a control, such as a power switch.
EXAMPLE A barcode reader automatically starts scanning as soon as the power switch is turned on.
6.1.9 Provide notification during scanning progress
A scanning application shall inform the user of the scanning progress (e.g. the start and end of scanning
input, processing and output).
NOTE 1 If the scanning application provides various output modalities (e.g. visual, audio and sound, tactile),
the application would be more accessible to the users.
EXAMPLE 1 A red triangle ( ) animation on the display indicates that the scanning is in progress.
EXAMPLE 2 The scanning reads the result as “success” or “failure”.
EXAMPLE 3 If the scanning is successful, a distinct sound-based alarm (e.g. “ding-dong”) notifies the user. If in
failure, a beep will sound.
NOTE 2 When the application successfully completes the scanning, it is not necessary to inform the user that
the scanning was successful other than providing the scanning results (see 6.4.2).
If the scanning fails, the scanning application shall provide the cause and/or resolution of the failure so
that the user can solve the problem.
NOTE 3 There are various causes of the failure, including:
— inappropriate exposure (see 6.1.4);
— out of focus (see 6.1.3);
— insufficient resolution (see 6.2.4);
— improper orientation (see 6.1.7);
— inappropriate size of visual objects of interest (see 6.1.6);
— inappropriate positioning of visual objects of interest (see 6.1.5).
6.1.10 Provide the scanning results in a textual representation
A scanning system shall provide the scanning results to the user in a textual representation.
NOTE 1 The user expects the scanning result to be equivalent to the visual information of interest (see 6.1.2).
EXAMPLE 1 A scanned colour is presented as “red” or “pink”.
NOTE 2 Scanned text can be represented as a text string, including the possible recognition of any recognizable
formatting elements (e.g. title, paragraph, indent, bold, italics).
EXAMPLE 2 Output documents formatted according to the scanned text.
10 © ISO/IEC 2017 – All rights reserved
6.2 User preference settings
6.2.1 Enabling user preference settings
When scanning applications enable the user to set personal preferences, these settings should be
configurable and accessible.
NOTE ISO 9241-171:2008, 8.2 provides detailed guidelines on user preference settings for applications.
6.2.2 Selecting scanning modes
Where multiple scanning modes are available, the scanning application shall allow the user to select the
scanning mode currently used.
NOTE Some scanning systems can only be used in automatic scanning mode at all times.
6.2.3 Selecting purpose of use
If a scanning application can be used for various purposes, it shall allow the user to select the
purpose of use.
EXAMPLE A user configures an application, which can recognize a QR code and a data matrix code, to
recognize QR code.
NOTE Scanning applications designed solely for one purpose (i.e. dedicated systems) usually have no option
for users to select the purpose of use.
6.2.4 Selecting image resolution
Where multiple scanning resolutions are available, the scanning application shall allow the user to
adjust the scanning resolution currently used.
NOTE 1 A higher resolution image might take longer to get the scanning results, although accurate results can
be obtained. If the resolution of the image is low, the processing time might be shortened, but accurate scanning
results might not be obtained.
NOTE 2 See 6.3.2 for guidance on capturing an appropriate scanned image.
6.2.5 Selecting image enhancement
Where image enhancement is available, the scanning application shall allow the user to select the use of
image enhancement.
NOTE 1 There are various image enhancement methods, including:
— colour correction;
— contrast enhancement;
— image cropping.
NOTE 2 See 6.3.3 for guidance on image enhancement.
6.2.6 Controlling presentation of visual guidance
If a scanning application provides a visual guidance programmatically, it shall allow the user to turn
off/on the guidance.
NOTE Providing the visual guidance is helpful to the user to locate visual object of interest in the target area
(see 6.1.5) or to capture a larger object image (see 6.1.6).
© ISO/IEC 20
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