ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 35 - User interfaces

This document provides guidance on the mapping of a set of user accessibility needs with the provisions of a particular standard, technical report, or set of guidelines. It provides both basic guidance that should be used for all user accessibility needs mapping and optional guidance that may be added to the basic guidance. User accessibility needs mapping is intended to help improve accessibility for all users and, in particular, for users with special needs that can be overlooked. User accessibility needs mapping is not intended to be used to evaluate or certify a given standard or set of guidelines.

This document provides a framework for the ISO/IEC 17549 series describing user interface guidelines on menu navigation. It specifies requirements and recommendations on how to design usable and consistent navigation through the interface component called a “menu”. This document specifies how to select and validate elements displayed on menus. This document covers design-consistent navigation inside menus. It does not include testing or organization of menus.

This document specifies requirements and recommendations for making accessibility settings accessible and usable. It provides guidance on specific accessibility settings, saving settings and modifying settings. It specifies how to access and operate the accessibility setting mode, and how to directly activate specific accessibility features. This document applies to all operating system user interfaces on all types of information and communications technologies (ICTs) from the point where the operating system is fully functional and waiting for the user to interact with it. This document does not apply to: — storing and retrieving information from a stored user profile, including personally identifiable information; — accessibility of the closed functionality that does not support access by assistive technology; — accessibility of boot mode.

This document defines single-point gestures for screen readers. It specifies movements for clear and classified single-point gestures recognized by the screen readers. It describes single-point gestures performed by a POI (point of interest). The single-point gestures are intended to operate in a consistent manner regardless of systems, platforms, applications or devices. NOTE A POI can be manipulated by using an object such as a fingertip, a stylus, etc.

This document provides general guidance on gestures for screen readers running on various ICT devices. The document does not define or require specific technologies for recognizing the gestures. It focuses on descriptions of gestures and functions for screen readers running on ICT devices.

This document specifies description formats and functionality for the specification of cultural conventions, description formats for character sets, and description formats for binding character names to ISO/IEC 10646, as well as a set of default values for some of these items.

This document specifies mechanisms to choose between the keyboard groups specified in the ISO/IEC 9995 series, national keyboards standards, or other keyboard definitions. These mechanisms primarily become useful when the stipulated marking on the key top can be dynamically displayed on the key top.

This document describes the method for selection of a language in information and communication (ICT) devices. This document is intended to apply to the user interface design of ICT devices which have a function for setting the appropriate language environment when an end-user wants to initiate its operation.

This document gives guidelines on the design of navigation methods for selection menus with the use of a 4-direction device. The guidelines are applicable to any information equipment on which the display area is associated with a 4-direction device. This document also provides recommendations for parameters for display screen settings, character sets and languages in use. This document is not applicable to safety-related uses on menu navigation.

This document gives guidance on how to create text alternatives and what information to put in text alternatives. This document applies to all static images that are used in any type of electronic document. It also applies to individual images within a slide show. This document does not apply to moving images (e.g. movies). NOTE 1 While text alternatives can be implemented via various mechanisms in various types of electronic documents, the contents of this document are not dependent on the choice of implementation mechanism or of electronic document type. NOTE 2 Guidance on making moving images accessible is contained in ISO/IEC TS 20071-21, ISO/IEC 20071-23 and ISO/IEC 20071-25.

This document defines multi-point gestures for common system actions used in information and communication technology (ICT) systems. It specifies movements and conditions for describing multi-point gestures recognized by the systems and applications. The multi-point gestures are performed using an input device (multi-touchpad, multi-touchscreen, etc.) or body parts (fingertips, hands, etc.). These multi-point gestures are intended to operate in a consistent manner regardless of systems, platforms or applications. The gestures for common system actions denote system-level functions and common functions across applications of ICT systems. The system-level functions are executed at a system or a platform level. They include initiation, resume, restart and termination, etc. The common functions across applications are commonly executed among applications of a system or a platform. The functions include navigation of menus, opening an object, closing an object, etc. NOTE ICT systems include, but are not limited to, digital televisions, set-top boxes, video game consoles, communication devices, internet devices, entertainment devices, and personal computers (PCs).

This document takes a holistic approach to the accessibility of information and communications technology (ICT) by combining guidance on implementing the accessibility of ICT systems (ICT accessibility) both at organizational and system development levels. This document gives guidelines for building and maintaining ICT systems (including products and services) that are accessible to diverse users (including users with disabilities and older people). This document is applicable to all types of organizations. This document applies to the breadth of ICT systems and the results of convergent and emerging technologies within an organization including, but not limited to: information systems; intranet systems; websites; mobile and wearable applications; social media; and Internet of Things (IoT) systems. It gives requirements and recommendations for organizations: a) ensuring accessibility is considered in their policies or strategy by creating an organizational ICT accessibility policy; b) embedding the consideration of accessibility decisions through the entire process of developing procuring, installing, operating and maintaining ICT systems, and documenting these choices; c) justifying decisions on accessibility; d) communicating the ICT system's accessibility decisions to its users at launch, through creating and publishing its accessibility statement.

This document provides a collection of graphical symbols which are used typically on office equipment to aid in the user operation of, for example, personal computers, printers, telephones and copying machines. These graphical symbols are also used in other application areas if appropriate. NOTE The graphical symbols in this document are collections of relevant graphical symbols standardized in IEC 60417 and ISO 7000.

This document defines GIML (Gesture Interface Markup Language). The syntax and the structure of GIML are described in this document.

This document identifies a collection of user accessibility needs that diverse users have of ICT systems to make these systems accessible to them. Each user accessibility need might be required of a system by an individual. Different users can have different sets of user accessibility needs in different contexts. While this set of user accessibility needs was developed for the domain of ICT, many of the user accessibility needs in this set also apply in other domains. This document does not provide requirements or specific processes and methods for the application and evaluation of user accessibility needs. However, it could inform the development of such requirements (see 5.4). This document is not designed for certification purposes or regulatory or contractual use. The user accessibility needs in this document are intended to inform and encourage those responsible for accessibility to go beyond the minimum provisions of accessibility legislation and regulations.

This document provides guidance for producers, exhibitors, and distributors on the visual presentation of alternatives to audio information in audiovisual content, such as captions/subtitles. This document provides requirements and recommendations that are intended to support users who are not able to use the audio information, prefer to use a visual representation of audio information, or prefer both audio and visual presentations. NOTE Many users do not have a choice, for instance, when in a noisy environment (e.g. bar, restaurant, etc.). In these situations, the user does not select a visual presentation of audio information but is offered the content with captions/subtitles. This document acknowledges the various needs and preferences of viewers (end users) as well as the different approaches to visual presentation of audio information. It applies to all presentations of visual alternatives to audio information intended to be presented as captions/subtitles. This document does not apply to the presentation devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver the content or visual presentations of audio information. These devices could include, but are not limited to: televisions, computers, wireless devices, projection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment, video game consoles, and other forms of user interfaces technology. This document does not apply to transcoding files and formats for the various video outputs. This document gives guidance on visual presentations which are delivered in the same language as in the audio (i.e., intra-lingual captions/subtitles) and visual presentations which are translated into a different language (i.e., inter-lingual captions/subtitles). This document does not apply to the specific process of language translation. This document helps to improve accessibility. This document does not establish requirements on specific industries (e.g. television broadcasting, motion pictures) nor is it intended to supersede specific international standards within their domain.

ISO/IEC 24752-8:2018 defines a RESTful protocol for the provision and delivery of resources that are related to user interface adaptation based on context of use. ISO/IEC 24752-8:2018 addresses requirements and recommendations for the following services: - user-context service; - task-context service; - equipment-context service; - environment-context service; - resource service; - resource-description service; - matching service (for finding appropriate resources based on specific contexts and other match criteria).

ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 provides guidance on various aspects of the user interface of applications that scan visual information that are used directly by humans, including: - initiating the scanning application; - setting user's preferences and configuring the scanning application; - identifying the types of information currently of interest to the user; - locating visual objects of interest to the user; - creating a static image via scanning the visual object; - identifying the information content provided by the visual object; - processing scanned information and outputting the results to the user. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 provides increased accessibility by addressing the user accessibility needs of diverse users in diverse contexts. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be applied to a variety of devices, including: - specialized devices that are dedicated to scanning and processing visual information; - mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets); - general purpose computers with camera capabilities; - office machines with scanning functions. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be applied to various types of software, including: - stand-alone scanning applications; - applications including scanning functionalities; - (scanning) applications that interoperate with other applications. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 contains guidance that can be used for outputting scanned information in various modalities, including: - audio outputs; - visual outputs; - tactile outputs; - storing information for future use within the application performing the scanning; - electronic outputs (to other applications, systems, or devices including those directly connected and those connected via the Internet). ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 does not: - apply to fully automated scanning that is not under direct human control; - apply to applications that scan visual information for editing an image or just displaying it; - provide guidance on the design of specific hardware devices involved in scanning; - provide guidance on the specific objects that can be recognized or the specific software used to recognize these objects; - provide guidance on the internal functioning of software that recognizes specific types of objects. ISO/IEC TS 20071-15:2017 is intended for use by developers of applications that include user controlled scanning functionalities. It does not expect that an application includes all of these functionalities. It can be used for those functionalities that an application does provide.

ISO/IEC 20382-2:2017 specifies the functional components of face-to-face speech translation designed to interoperate among multiple translation systems with different languages. It also specifies the speech translation features, general requirements and functionality, thus providing a framework to support a convenient speech translation service in face-to-face situations. This document is applicable to speech translation devices, servers and communication protocols among speech translation servers and clients in a high-level approach. ISO/IEC 20382-2:2017 also defines various system architectures in different environments. ISO/IEC 20382-2:2017 is not applicable to defining speech recognition engines, language translation engines and speech synthesis engines.

ISO/IEC 20382-1:2017 specifies face-to-face speech translation designed to interoperate among multiple translation systems with different languages. It also specifies the speech translation features, general requirements and functionality, thus providing a framework to support a convenient speech translation service in face-to-face situations. ISO/IEC 20382-1:2017 is applicable to user interfaces for speech translation and communication protocols for setting up a translation session among users. ISO/IEC 20382-1:2017 is not applicable to defining the speech translation engine itself.

ISO/IEC 30113-11:2017 defines single-point gestures for common system actions used in information and communication technology (ICT) systems. It specifies movements for clear and classified gestures recognized by the systems and applications. The single-point gestures are performed using an input device (e.g. a mouse, a stylus, etc.) or a body part (e.g. a fingertip, a hand, etc.). These single-point gestures are intended to operate in a consistent manner regardless of the system, platform, application or device. NOTE ICT systems include, but are not limited to, digital televisions, set-top boxes, video game consoles, communication devices, Internet devices, entertainment devices and personal computers.

ISO/IEC 30122-3:2017 contains requirements and recommendations concerning multilingual voice commands and internationalization. ISO/IEC 30122-3:2017 specifies the linguistic requirements and recommendations for translation and localization of spoken words or phrases for voice commands. ISO/IEC 30122-3:2017 also includes how to determine the correct words or phrases for voice commands based on the various linguistic needs. ISO/IEC 30122-3:2017 does not include technical issues.

ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017 provides recommendations on the audio presentation of captions/subtitles and other on-screen text for use in all type of videos regardless of the language and technology being used to transmit and present the recorded or live video. ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017 applies to making captions/subtitles and other on-screen text accessible to users with various needs, including but not limited to people with learning and reading disabilities, people with cognitive disabilities, people who are blind or have low vision, older people, and non-native language speakers. It does not apply to captions/subtitles or other on-screen text whose content is already provided in the soundtrack in a language and a way users can access. ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017 provides guidance on spoken captions/subtitles as a stand-alone access service but it also provides guidance on how to integrate spoken captions/subtitles, other spoken on-screen text and audio description, if needed, in different types of videos. NOTE 1 Extensive guidance on audio description is provided in ISO/IEC/TS 20071‑21. ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017 does not consider the devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver and play the content or the audio presentation of text in videos. These devices include, but are not limited to televisions, computers, wireless devices, projection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment, cinema equipment and other forms of user interfaces technology. Therefore, this document does not consider transcoding files for the various video and audio outputs. NOTE 2 Technical matters of transmission and distribution are covered by other documents (e.g. MPEG standards and other technical standards such as IEC 62731:2013). ISO/IEC TS 20071-25:2017 acknowledges the various needs and preferences of users, as well as the different approaches to the audio presentation of text in videos. It applies to audio presentations intended to be heard simultaneously along with the original video.

ISO 30122-2:2017 provides the technical criterions and test methods of voice commands and its speech recognition engine. The technical criterions include the phonetic requirements for spoken words or phrases that compose the voice command. The test methods verify whether the voice command or speech recognition engine satisfies the required specifications.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, ISO 9995-9:2016 defines the allocation on a keyboard of a set of graphic characters which, when used in combination with an existing national version keyboard layout, allows the input of a minimum character repertoire as defined herein. This repertoire is intended to address all characters needed to write all contemporary languages using the Latin script, together with standardized Latin transliterations of some major languages using other scripts. It also contains all symbols and punctuation marks contained in ISO 8859-1, together with some selected other ones commonly used in typography and office use. It also addresses characters of some other scripts (Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Georgian, Hebrew) to the same extent (in the case of Cyrillic, leaving out some minority languages of the Russian Federation which have only a few hundred speakers left). It provides means to include other scripts (e.g. Arabic, Devanagari) in future versions of ISO 9995-9:2016 (e.g. by amendments). Furthermore, it addresses the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). ISO 9995-9:2016 is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications, to be used with full-sized keyboards as well as with miniature keyboards found on mobile devices ("smartphones" or handheld computers), especially ones which have only keys for the 26 basic Latin letters but no dedicated keys for digits.

ISO/IEC 30122-4:2016 defines supplementary procedural information, requirements and criteria that apply to a collection of voice commands published as a web-accessible voice command database. They are based on Annex SL of the IEC supplement to ISO/IEC Directives. It also defines the method for adding, changing or withdrawing voice commands in an electronic database of standard voice commands. Annex SL ISO/IEC Directives - Supplement - Procedures Specific to ISO is followed for management of voice command registration unless otherwise specified in ISO/IEC 30122-4:2016.

ISO/IEC 30122-1:2016 defines a framework and general guidance for essential voice commands. It provides a limited number of commands which could be memorized to facilitate the use of the information/communication technology (ICT) devices including computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, mobile devices, car navigation systems and business machines. It does not include the natural sentence recognition by using natural language processing technology.

ISO/IEC TR 13066-2:2016 specifies services provided in the Microsoft Windows platform to enable assistive technologies (AT) to interact with other software. One goal of this part of ISO/IEC 13066 is to define a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) for allowing software applications to enable accessible technologies on the Microsoft Windows platform. Another goal of this part of ISO/IEC 13066 is to facilitate extensibility and interoperability by enabling implementations by multiple vendors on multiple platforms. ISO/IEC TR 13066-2:2016 is applicable to the broad range of ergonomics and how ergonomics apply to human interaction with software systems.

ISO/IEC TR 15440:2016 (TR) covers the following: - different input requirements catering for national and international practices and support of cultural and linguistic diversity; - recognition of requirements regarding comfort of use (for any user, including children, elderly and disabled people) and improved user productivity related to inputting data; - enhancements of keyboards and related input devices and methods required for new emerging phenomena such as Internet, multimedia, virtual reality; - virtual input requirements; - labelling issues (soft [LCD] and hard, permanent and temporary labels), function symbols and icons. ISO/IEC TR 15440:2016 does not cover implications of biometric input (fingerprint-based, iris-pattern-based, face-shape-based, etc.) devices for access and security. ISO/IEC TR 15440:2016 is aimed at both the users and manufacturers and intends to present the user requirements regarding keyboards and associated devices and methods, at the time of publication of this technical report.

ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 provides recommendations for describing audiovisual content in an auditory modality for use in recorded video presentations, broadcast television, cinema, live or recorded drama, museum and art gallery exhibits, heritage tours, news, and comedies, regardless of the language and technology being used to transmit and present the recorded or live audiovisual content. NOTE 1 There are many secondary users of audio description, but the primary and intended users of audio description are blind persons or persons with low vision and their friends and family. ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 provides guidance on the subjective nature of creating audio description. It also provides guidance for audio description developers (script writers, voice narrators, and organizations or groups responsible for delivering audio description) in faithfully and accurately representing audiovisual content. NOTE 2 It might not always be possible to provide an equivalent experience due to limitations in the amount of time available for audio description depending on the content being described. ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 applies to describing audiovisual content and does not consider the devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver the content or the audio description. These devices include, but are not limited to, televisions, computers, wireless devices, projection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment and other forms of user interface technology. Therefore, this part of ISO/IEC 20071 does not consider transcoding files for the various video outputs. NOTE 3 Technical matters of transmission and distribution are covered by other International Standards (e.g. MPEG standards and other technical international standards such as IEC 62731). ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 provides guidance on how to approach user preferences, available styles and flexibility in approaches to audio description. It does not apply to static images contained in electronic documents (see ISO/IEC 20071−11 for guidance on text alternatives for images). It applies to auditory presentations intended to be transmitted or delivered simultaneously to the original audiovisual content. NOTE 4 Limitations experienced by broadcasters or people in synchronous environments might be reduced online or in asynchronous environments.

ISO/IEC TR 30109:2015 describes methods to enable access to a personal computing environment via the Internet, with a culturally and linguistically convenient and uniform personal user interface, on different types of hardware.

ISO/IEC TR 13066-4:2015 provides an overview to the structure and terminology of the Linux/UNIX graphical environments accessibility API. It will provide the following: - a description of the overall architecture and terminology of the API; - further introductory explanations regarding the content and use of the API beyond those found in ISO/IEC 13066‑1:2011, Annex A; - an overview of the main properties, including - of user interface elements, - of how to get and set focus, and - of communication mechanisms in the API; - a discussion of design considerations for the API (e.g. pointers to external sources of information on accessibility guidance related to using the API); - information on extending the API (and where this is appropriate); - an introduction to the programming interface of the API (including pointers to external sources of information). It will provide this information as an introduction to the Java API to assist the following: - IT system level developers who create custom controls and/or interface to them; - AT developers involved in programming "hardware to software" and "software to software" interactions.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995‑1, ISO/IEC 9995-11:2015 defines the functionality of dead keys and repertoires of characters entered by dead keys (see Clause 5). ISO/IEC 9995-11:2015 is primarily intended for word-processing and text-processing applications.

ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015 defines a framework and guidelines for gesture-based interfaces across devices and methods in supporting interoperability. NOTE Some of these devices include mice, touch screens, touch pads, 3D mice, joysticks, game controllers, wired gloves, depth-aware cameras, stereo cameras, Web cameras. ISO/IEC 30113-1:2015 does not define or require specific technology for recognizing gesture of users. It focuses on the description of a gesture and its functions for utilizing ICT systems. NOTE Operation of a physical keyboard is not addressed in this part of ISO/IEC 30113.

ISO/IEC TR 13066-6:2014 provides an overview to the structure and terminology of the Java accessibility application programming interface (API) It will provide: A description of the overall architecture and terminology of the API; Further introductory explanations regarding the content and use of the API beyond those found in Annex A of ISO/IEC 13066-1; An overview of the main properties, including of: user interface elements; how to get and set focus; of communication mechanisms in the API; a discussion of design considerations for the API (e.g. pointers to external sources of information on accessibility guidance related to using the API); information on extending the API (and where this is appropriate); an introduction to the programming interface of the API (including pointers to external sources of information); an introduction to the Java Access Bridge for Windows and the Java Access Bridge for GNOME. It will provide this information as an introduction to the Java API to assist: IT system level developers who create custom controls and/or interface to them; AT developers involved in programming "hardware to software" and "software to software" interactions.

ISO/IEC TS 11581-41:2014 provides guidance for developers and designers creating and/or using icons and provides a basis for the standardization of icons. It also provides a framework for creating future International Standards dealing with icons as parts of the ISO/IEC 11581 series and for identifying icon-related information to be used in any accompanying icon registries. It is intended to be used with ISO/IEC 11581-40 to create a registry of icons.

ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014 clearly defines each term related to ISO and IEC symbology in a single document and harmonizes difference of use and possible correspondence between different objects covering these concepts.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, this part of ISO/IEC 9995 specifies the alphanumeric section of a keyboard and the division of that section into zones; the arrangement, number, and location of the keys in the alphanumeric zone ZA0 of the alphanumeric section; and the layout and allocation of several control functions to the keys in the function zones of the alphanumeric section.

Within the general scope described in ISO/IEC 9995-1, this part of ISO/IEC 9995 specifies symbols for functions found on any type of numeric, alphanumeric or composite keyboards. Each of these symbols is intended to be considered as universal and nonlanguage related equivalent of names for the function they represent. Names of functions and descriptions are given in English and French.

ISO/IEC TR 13066:2012 provides an overview to the structure and terminology of the IAccessible2 accessibility API. It provides: a description of the overall architecture and terminology of the API; further introductory explanations regarding the content and use of the API beyond those found in Annex A of ISO/IEC 13066-1; an overview of the main properties, including: of user interface elements, of how to get and set focus, of communication mechanisms in the API; a discussion of design considerations for the API (e.g. pointers to external sources of information on accessibility guidance related to using the API); information on extending the API (and where this is appropriate); an introduction to the programming interface of the API (including pointers to external sources of information). It provides this information as an introduction to the IAccessible2 API to assist: IT system level developers who create custom controls and/or interface to them; AT developers involved in programming "hardware to software" and "software to software" interactions.

ISO/IEC 29136:2012 provides requirements and recommendations for the accessibility of personal computer hardware, to be used when planning, developing, designing and distributing these computers. While it does not cover the behaviour of, or requirements for, assistive technologies, it does address connectivity of assistive technologies as an integrated component of interactive systems. Some requirements or recommendations in ISO/IEC 29136:2012 require software support; however, requirements and recommendations that solely focus on software are not included in ISO/IEC 29136:2012.

ISO/IEC TR 11581-1:2011 introduces the ISO/IEC 11581 series and provides developers and other icon standards users with an overview of currently available and future anticipated icon standards. ISO/IEC TR 11581-1:2011: describes the structure of parts that will be used to encompass all present and future icon standards; introduces currently existing icon standards, whether they are parts of ISO/IEC 11581 or they have their own separate numbers

Icons are used on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) products to facilitate interaction with their users. Icons can provide a language-independent means of communicating information to the user. ISO/IEC 11581 recognizes that icons are more than just symbols used on computer screens. Icons are interaction objects used by computer interfaces to accomplish various purposes. Icons can be rendered in various forms, including using graphics, gesture, audio, tactile/haptics, or any combination thereof. This versatility in rendition can provide greater accessibility to their underlying functionalities. ISO/IEC 11581 provides a framework as a basis for organizing information related to the creation and use of user interface icons. ISO/IEC 11581-40:2011 defines supplementary procedural information, requirements and criteria that apply to a collection of icon standards published as a web-accessible icon database. It is based on the second paragraph of Annex ST, Procedures for the development and maintenance of standards in database format of the ISO/IEC Directives - Supplement - Procedures specific to ISO.

lSO/IEC 15897:2011 specifies the information that can appear in a Cultural Specification and defines the procedures for registering such specifications. The Cultural Specifications can include freeform Narrative Cultural Specifications and Repertoiremaps as described in lSO/IEC 15897:2011, POSIX Locales and Charmaps conforming to ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945, and other machine-parsable specifications such as FDCC-sets, Repertoiremaps and Charmaps following the recommendations of ISO/IEC TR 14652, and Cultural Specifications formatted using SGML or XML. The registry is in printed and electronic form. lSO/IEC 15897:2011 sets out the procedures for registering cultural elements, both as narrative text and in a more formal manner, using the techniques of ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945, and other machine-processable formats such as those specified in ISO/IEC TR 14652. lSO/IEC 15897:2011 registers amongst other items Narrative Cultural Specifications and Repertoiremaps, POSIX Locales and POSIX Charmaps as defined in ISO/IEC/IEEE 9945, and other machine-parsable Cultural Specifications such as ISO/IEC TR 14652 FDCC-sets, Charmaps and Repertoiremaps, and Cultural Specifications in SGML or XML.

Interoperability involves the ability to use assistive technology (AT) to add to or augment existing components of information technology (IT) systems. Interoperability between AT and IT is best facilitated via the use of standardized, public interfaces for all IT components. ISO/IEC 13066-1:2011 provides a basis for designing and evaluating interoperability between IT and AT. It formalizes the layered architecture of hardware-to-hardware, hardware-to-software, and software-to-software connections that have long been implicit in the IT definitions of ISO/IEC JTC 1. It also recognizes the central role that accessibility application programming interfaces (accessibility APIs) play in aiding this interoperability. ISO/IEC 13066-1:2011 identifies a variety of APIs that are described further in other parts of ISO/IEC 13066. These APIs can be used as frameworks to support IT-AT interoperability. ISO/IEC 13066-1:2011 does not define or require specific technology, commands, APIs, or hardware interfaces. It defers to other existing standards and supports the development of new standards in these areas. It identifies a variety of common accessibility APIs that are described further in other parts of ISO/IEC 13066.

ISO/IEC 11581-10:2010 recognizes that icons are more than just symbols used on computer screens. Icons are interaction objects used by computer interfaces to accomplish various purposes. Icons can be rendered in various forms, including graphics, gesture, audio, tactile/haptics, or any combination thereof. This versatility in rendition can provide greater accessibility to their underlying functionalities. ISO/IEC 11581-10:2010 provides guidance for developers and designers creating and/or using icons and provides a basis for the standardization of icons. It also provides a framework for creating future parts of ISO/IEC 11581 and for identifying icon-related information to be used in any accompanying icon registries. It is important that icons are viewed not only as individual renditions with their associated functionality, but also that the context in which they are used is considered. ISO/IEC 11581-10:2010 gives requirements and recommendations for icons as they relate to other rendered elements, to sets of icons and to consistency among these symbols.

ISO/IEC 9995 defines a framework for the layout of all alphanumeric and numeric keyboards across the widest spectrum of today's and upcoming applications using keyboards. The functions to be performed by keyboards are grouped into three categories that correspond to the main physical sections of the keyboard. Application of ISO/IEC 9995 in the design of keyboards will provide the user with a unified, predictable user-machine interface by dividing the keyboard into functional areas and sections and allocating functions to keys. lSO/IEC 9995-3:2010 defines the allocation on a keyboard of a set of graphic characters which, when used in combination with an existing national version keyboard layout or the complementary Latin group layout as defined in ISO/IEC 9995-3:2010, allows the input of a minimum character repertoire as defined by collection 281 (MES-1) specified in ISO/IEC 10646 and proposes extensions of this minimum repertoire.

People with disabilities (e.g. visual, hearing, physical) can experience difficulties in accessing computers and other information/communication technology (ICT) devices. Accessible user interfaces, as defined in ISO/IEC 24786:2009, can help them to operate computers if they are able to adjust accessibility settings prior to use. If this is not possible, some people will not be able to access these devices without help from another party. ISO/IEC 24786:2009 specifies requirements and recommendations for making accessibility settings accessible. This will make the information technologies more accessible by ensuring that people with disabilities can adjust accessibility settings by themselves. ISO/IEC 24786:2009 provides guidance on specific accessibility settings. It specifies how to access and operate the accessibility setting mode, and how to directly activate specific accessibility functions. ISO/IEC 24786:2009 applies to all operating system user interfaces on computers, but can also be applied to other types of ICT, where appropriate. It does not apply to the user interface before the operating system is loaded and active.

ISO/IEC 9995 defines a framework for the layout of all alphanumeric and numeric keyboards across the widest spectrum of today's and upcoming applications using keyboards. The functions to be performed by keyboards are grouped into three categories that correspond to the main physical sections of the keyboard. Application of ISO/IEC 9995 in the design of keyboards will provide the user with a unified, predictable user-machine interface by dividing the keyboard into functional areas and sections and allocating functions to keys. ISO/IEC 9995-2:2009 specifies the alphanumeric section of a keyboard and the division of that section into zones; the arrangement, the number, and the location of the keys in the alphanumeric zone ZA0 of the alphanumeric section; and the layout and allocation of several control functions to the keys in the function zones of the alphanumeric section. The primary layout within the alphanumeric zone is established in most countries by a national standard or by national usage. ISO/IEC 9995-2:2009 provides allocation guidelines.