ISO 18886:2016

Refractory test-piece preparation - Gunning refractory panels by wet gunning techniques

ISO 18886:2016 specifies the procedures for the preparation of test pieces from refractory materials by wet gunning at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for the determination of properties on wet-gunned products prepared under either "standard conditions" (as required for quality assurance or product development) or "site conditions". In the case of "site conditions", the purpose of the testing is to establish the properties pertaining to a given installation or a given set of installation conditions. In this case, the gunned panel is obtained during the on-site installation. Such parameters as activator addition (type, amount, method of addition), conveying pressure and curing conditions (temperature, orientation of the panel) applying during the preparation of the panel are as near as possible to the same parameters pertaining to the site installation. This procedure applies to refractory materials that can be transported through a gunning hose after having been mixed with the total water requirement for material placement. The consistency of these materials (see 7.5) is typically such that they would be suitable for placement by casting were they not to be transported through the gunning hose and applied by spraying. Refractory materials that are pneumatically conveyed in the "dry" state through a gunning hose, even after mixing with a portion of the total water requirement (the bulk of the water being added at the nozzle) are dealt with in ISO 20182. ISO 18886:2016 does not apply to the gunning of plastic refractory materials (refer to ISO 1927‑1).

Préparation d'éprouvettes réfractaires — Panneaux réfractaires pour gunitage par techniques de gunitage humide

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Apr-2016
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 33 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 33 - Refractories
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 17-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 27-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 18886:2016 - Refractory test-piece preparation - specifies procedures for preparing test pieces from refractory materials by wet gunning at ambient temperatures. The standard defines how to produce reproducible gunned panels for property determination under either standard conditions (laboratory quality control or product development) or site conditions (representative on‑site installation parameters). It applies to refractory mixes that are premixed with the total water requirement and can be conveyed through a gunning hose and sprayed; it does not cover dry‑gunned materials (see ISO 20182) or plastic refractories (see ISO 1927‑1).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Wet‑gunned refractory materials premixed with total water; excludes dry‑gunned and plastic refractory materials.
• Sampling and preparation
  • Follow established sampling principles (referenced ISO 1927‑2).
  • Mix to manufacturer or agreed water addition and record mixing time and water addition.
• Apparatus and moulds
  • Preferred mould: enclosed on five sides, minimum dimensions 300 × 300 × 100 mm; alternative open mould permitted by agreement.
  • Oven for drying at 110 °C ± 5 °C; air pressure gauge up to 690 kPa ±5%.
• Conveying and activator control
  • Conveying equipment (piston pumps, pneumatic or centrifugal pumps, auger screws) must handle high pressures and dense mixes.
  • Activator may be added at or prior to the nozzle; record activator flow rate, method and deviations from manufacturer guidance.
• Procedure and recording
  • Angle of mould typically 60–80° to horizontal for laboratory panels; measure and report.
  • Spray at right angles, typically 0.4–0.8 m from surface, to at least 100 mm thickness.
  • Record ambient and mix temperatures, conveying speed, conveying pressure and activator flow. Determine consistency per ISO 1927‑4.
• Curing and specimen handling
  • Cure panel for 24 h before demoulding; protect from moisture loss; dry specimens in an oven before testing.

Practical applications and users

ISO 18886:2016 is used to:

• Provide reproducible test panels for quality assurance, product acceptance and R&D.
• Establish site‑specific performance where panels are obtained during on‑site installation (matching activator, pressure, curing orientation).
• Support comparison of laboratory vs. field performance for gunned refractory linings.

Typical users:

• Refractory manufacturers and product developers
• Testing laboratories and QA/QC engineers
• Installation contractors and plant maintenance engineers
• Materials researchers and standards specifiers

Related standards

• ISO 1927‑1 / ISO 1927‑2 / ISO 1927‑4 (monolithic refractory classification, sampling, consistency)
• ISO 20182 (sample preparation by dry gunning)
• ISO 836 (refractories - vocabulary)

Keywords: ISO 18886:2016, wet gunning, refractory test‑piece preparation, gunning refractory panels, activator, conveying pressure, curing conditions, consistency, mould dimensions.

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 18886
ISO/TC 33 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2015-08-17 2015-11-17
Refractory test-piece preparation — Gunning refractory
panels by wet gunning techniques
Préparation d’éprouvettes réfractaires — Panneaux réfractaires pour gunitage par techniques de
gunitage humide
ICS: 81.080
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 18886:2015(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2015

ISO/DIS 18886:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 18886
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Sampling. 3
6 Preparation of test pieces. 3
6.1 Principle. 3
6.2 Equipment . 3
7 Procedure . 4
8 Calculation . 6
9 Test report . 6

ISO/DIS 18886
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18886 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33, Refractories, Subcommittee SC , .
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18886

Refractory test-piece preparation – Gunning refractory panels
by wet gunning techniques — — —
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the procedures for the preparation of test pieces from refractory materials by wet
gunning at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for the determination of properties on wet-gunned
products prepared under either “standard conditions” (as required for quality assurance or product
development) or “site conditions”. In the case of “site conditions”, the purpose of the testing is to establish the
properties pertaining to a given installation or a given set of installation conditions. In this case, the gunned
panel shall be obtained during the on-site installation. Such parameters as activator addition (type, amount,
method of addition), conveying pressure and curing conditions (temperature, orientation of the panel) applying
during the preparation of the panel shall be as near as possible to the same parameters pertaining to the site
installation.
This procedure applies to refractory materials that can be transported through a gunning hose after having
been mixed with the total water requirement for material placement. The consistency of these materials (see
section 7.5) is typically such that they would be suitable for placement by casting were they not to be
transported through the gunning hose and applied by spraying.
Refractory materials that are pneumatically conveyed in the “dry” state through a gunning hose, even after
mixing with a portion of the total water requirement (the bulk of the water being added at the nozzle) are dealt
with in ISO 20182:2008.
This Standard does not apply to the gunning of plastic refractory materials (Refer: ISO 1927-1).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 836 Refractories - Vocabulary
ISO 1927-1 Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products – Part 1: Introduction
and classification
ISO 1927-2 Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products – Sampling for testing
ISO 1927-4 Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products – Determination of
consistency of castables
ISO 20182 Sample Preparation by dry gunning

ISO/DIS 18886
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 836 apply, together with the
following.
3.1
activator
a chemical solution added to the refractory at, or prior to, the gunning nozzle which causes the refractory to
set, stiffen or coagulate
Warning: This International Standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. It does not attempt to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

4 Apparatus
4.1 Gunned-material mould. The preferred mould for preparing samples of wet-gunned material is
enclosed on five sides as shown in Figure 1 a) below. An alternative mould is shown in Figure 1 b). In either
case, the surface being sprayed onto shall be square in shape and the mould shall have minimum dimensions
of (300 x 300 x 100) mm. The mould may be made from metal or timber, or a combination of both. It should be
of sufficient rigidity that it will not flex when material is sprayed onto it.
Interested parties shall agree on the size and type of mould to be used and these shall be stated in the
test report, along with the dimensions of the test panel produced.
NOTE A stainless steel expanded metal case, having the same mould dimensions as above, may be used by
agreement between interested parties. This type of mould is particularly useful during site installation because it can be
fitted to the anchoring, enabling the mould to be filled without undue disruption to the gunning process.
4.2 Air pressure gauge, capable of measuring pressures up to 690 kPa plus or minus 5 % at all
pressures.
4.3 Weighing scale, capable of weighing masses of the order of 500 g to 0.1 g.
4.4 Drying oven, having fan-forced ventilation and capable of maintaining a temperature of 110 °C ± 5 °C.
4.5 Miscellaneous tools, e.g. trowel, shovel.
4.6 Thermometer, capable of measuring temperature within a suitable range (typically from -10 ⁰C to 90
⁰C) with a readability of 1 C° and an accuracy of ± 1 ⁰C.

ISO/DIS 18886
Dimensions are in millimetres
(a) Preferred mould (enclosed on five sides)    (b) Alternative mould

Figure 1 — Examples of moulds used in wet gunning
5 Sampling
The sample for preparation of a test panel should be prepared in accordance with established sampling
principles, such as those given in ISO 1927-2.

6 Preparation of test pieces
6.1 Principle
Refractory material is mixed with the total water requirement and transported to a nozzle by suitable means
where air may be incorporated to convey the mix to the mould. Activator may also be added at or prior to the
nozzle to allow the mix to adhere to the target surface without slumping. Figure 2 shows one example of an
equipment set up for wet gunning.
6.2 Equipment
6.2.1 Conveying equipment. For conveying the material through the gunning hose to the gun nozzle.
Examples include double piston pumps, gunning machines that use pneumatic conveying, centrifugal pumps
and auger screws. The conveying equipment must have sufficient power to propel high density pre-mixed
monolithic (unshaped) refractor
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18886
First edition
2016-04-15
Refractory test-piece preparation —
Gunning refractory panels by wet
gunning techniques
Préparation d’éprouvettes réfractaires — Panneaux réfractaires pour
gunitage par techniques de gunitage humide
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Sampling . 2
6 Preparation of test pieces . 3
6.1 Principle . 3
6.2 Equipment . 3
7 Procedure. 3
8 Calculation . 5
9 Test report . 5
Bibliography . 7
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 33, Refractories.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18886:2016(E)
Refractory test-piece preparation — Gunning refractory
panels by wet gunning techniques
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the procedures for the preparation of test pieces from refractory
materials by wet gunning at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for the determination of
properties on wet-gunned products prepared under either “standard conditions” (as required for
quality assurance or product development) or “site conditions”. In the case of “site conditions”, the
purpose of the testing is to establish the properties pertaining to a given installation or a given set of
installation conditions. In this case, the gunned panel is obtained during the on-site installation. Such
parameters as activator addition (type, amount, method of addition), conveying pressure and curing
conditions (temperature, orientation of the panel) applying during the preparation of the panel are as
near as possible to the same parameters pertaining to the site installation.
This procedure applies to refractory materials that can be transported through a gunning hose after
having been mixed with the total water requirement for material placement. The consistency of these
materials (see 7.5) is typically such that they would be suitable for placement by casting were they not
to be transported through the gunning hose and applied by spraying.
Refractory materials that are pneumatically conveyed in the “dry” state through a gunning hose, even
after mixing with a portion of the total water requirement (the bulk of the water being added at the
nozzle) are dealt with in ISO 20182.
This International Standard does not apply to the gunning of plastic refractory materials (refer to
ISO 1927-1).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 836, Terminology for refractories
ISO 1927-4, Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products — Part 4: Determination of consistency of castables
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 836 and the following apply.
3.1
activator
chemical solution added to the refractory at, or prior to, the gunning nozzle which causes the refractory
to set, stiffen or coagulate
Note 1 to entry: This International Standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. It does not attempt to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4 Apparatus
4.1 Gunned-material mould. The preferred mould for preparing samples of wet-gunned material is
enclosed on five sides as shown in Figure 1 a). An alternative mould is shown in Figure 1 b). In either case,
the surface being sprayed onto shall be square in shape and the mould shall have minimum dimensions
of (300 × 300 × 100) mm. The mould may be made from metal or timber, or a combination of both. It
should be of sufficient rigidity that it will not flex when material is sprayed onto it.
Interested parties shall agree on the size and type of mould to be used and these shall be stated in the
test report, along with the dimensions of the test panel produced.
A stainless steel expanded metal case, having the same mould dimensions as above, may be used by
agreement between interested parties. This type of mould is particularly useful during site installation
because it can be fitted to the anchoring, enabling the mould to be filled without undue disruption to
the gunning process.
4.2 Air pressure gauge, capable of measuring pressures up to 690 kPa ± 5 % at all pressures.
4.3 Weighing scale, capable of weighing masses of the order of 500 g to 0,1 g.
4.4 Drying oven, having fan-forced ventilation and capable of maintaining a temperature of
110 °C ± 5 °C.
4.5 Miscellaneous tools, e.g. trowel, shovel.
4.6 Thermometer, capable of measuring temperature within a suitable range (typically from −10 °C
to 90 °C) with a readability of 1 °C and an accuracy of ±1 °C.
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Preferred mould (enclosed on five sides) b) Alternative mould
Figure 1 — Examples of moulds used in wet gunning
5 Sampling
The sample for preparation of a test panel should be prepared in accordance with established sampling
principles, such as those given in ISO 1927-2.
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

6 Preparation of test pieces
6.1 Principle
Refractory material is mixed with the total water requirement and transported to a nozzle by suitable
means where air may be incorporated to convey the mix to the mould. Activator may also be added at
or prior to the nozzle to allow the mix to adhere to the target surface without slumping. Figure 2 shows
one example of an equipment set up for wet gunning.
6.2 Equipment
6.2.1 Conveying equipment, for conveying the material through the gunning hose to the gun nozzle.
Examples include double piston pumps, gunning machines that use pneumatic conveying, centrifugal
pumps and auger screws. The conveying equipment needs to have sufficient power to propel high-
density pre-mixed monolithic (unshaped) refractory materials through pipes and/or conveying hoses of
suitable diameter, over the required distance from the mixer to the surface b
...