ISO 10329:2009
(Main)Coal — Determination of plastic properties — Constant-torque Gieseler plastometer method
Coal — Determination of plastic properties — Constant-torque Gieseler plastometer method
ISO 10329:2009 specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method may be used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance.
Charbon — Détermination des propriétés plastiques — Méthode du plastomètre Gieseler à couple constant
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10329
First edition
2009-02-01
Coal — Determination of plastic
properties — Constant-torque Gieseler
plastometer method
Charbon — Détermination des propriétés plastiques — Méthode du
plastomètre Gieseler à couple constant
Reference number
ISO 10329:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO 10329:2009(E)
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ISO 10329:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus . 2
6 Calibration . 3
7 Sample . 4
8 Procedure . 4
9 Cleaning of the apparatus. 10
10 Calculation and expression of results. 10
11 Precision of the method. 11
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ISO 10329:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10329 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5,
Methods of analysis.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10329:2009(E)
Coal — Determination of plastic properties — Constant-torque
Gieseler plastometer method
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of coal
when heated under prescribed conditions. The method may be used to obtain values of the plastic properties
of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of
coals is of practical importance.
NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a
true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 18283, Hard coal and coke — Manual sampling
ISO 13909-1, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 1: General introduction
ISO 13909-2, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 2: Coal — Sampling from moving streams
ISO 13909-3, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 3: Coal — Sampling from stationary lots
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply
3.1
dial division per minute
measure of stirrer rotation rate, as used in this method
NOTE There are 100 dial divisions for each full 360° rotation of the stirrer. The fluidity result is expressed as total dial
divisions turned by the stirrer in a 1 min time period, i.e. dd/min.
3.2
initial softening temperature
temperature at which dial movement or electronic readout indicates a stirring shaft movement of one dial
division per minute (dd/min), with continued indication of movement of at least 1 dd/min thereafter
3.3
maximum fluidity temperature
temperature at which stirring shaft rotation reaches the maximum rate
3.4
plastic range
difference between the initial softening temperature and the solidification temperature
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ISO 10329:2009(E)
3.5
final fluidity temperature
temperature at which the last 1 dd/min stirrer rotation rate is reached
3.6
solidification temperature
temperature at which the stirring shaft stops
3.7
maximum fluidity
maximum rate of rotation for the stirring shaft in dial divisions per minute
3.8
jamming
swelling up of coal into the retort tube during the test, which may produce a lower fluidity result than expected
and can only be noted after visual inspection of the disassembled crucible and retort at the conclusion of the
test
3.9
breaking
free spinning behaviour of coal, either by rotating at maximum motor speed or by abrupt changes in rotation,
which occurs as a result of a molten ball of coal forming around the base of the stirrer, and which makes
reporting of the true maximum fluidity of the coal difficult
4 Principle
Measurements of the plastic properties of coals are made by applying a constant torque to a stirrer placed in a
crucible into which the coal is charged. The crucible is immersed in a bath and the temperature increased
uniformly. The rotation of the stirrer is recorded in relation to increase in temperature.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Gieseler plastometer retort, composed of the following component parts (see Figure 1).
5.1.1 Retort crucible, cylindrical, with (21,4 ± 0,1) mm inside diameter, and (35,0 ± 0,3) mm in depth with
exterior threads for joining the crucible to the barrel.
The crucible shall have a (2,38 ± 0,02) mm diameter notch with an included angle of 70° in the centre of its
inside base to serve as a seat for the stirrer.
5.1.2 Retort crucible cover, with interior threads for joining the crucible cover to the crucible and exterior
threads for joining the crucible cover to the barrel.
The inside diameter of the hole which accommodates the stirrer shall be (9,5 ± 0,1) mm.
5.1.3 Guide sleeve, provided near the upper end of the stirrer to guide the latter within the barrel with a
clearance of between 0,05 mm and 0,10 mm.
5.1.4 Gas exit hole, provided on the barrel to afford an exit for the volatile products during a test, placed,
for example, at the midpoint of the barrel; a tube may be fitted if desired.
5.1.5 Barrel, (121,0 ± 2,5) mm long, having an inside diameter of (9,5 ± 0,1) mm.
The top end of the barrel shall be 12,7 mm in inside diameter to a depth sufficient to allow the fitting of a guide
sleeve through which the axle of the stirrer passes when the apparatus is assembled.
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ISO 10329:2009(E)
5.1.6 Steel stirrer, provided with a straight shaft (3,95 ± 0,05) mm in diameter and equipped with four
rabble arms.
The lower end of the stirrer shall be tapered to a point having an included angle of 60°. The rabble arms on
the stirrer shall be (1,6 ± 0,05) mm in diameter, (6,4 ± 0,05) mm in length, and shall be placed so as to be
perpendicular to the shaft at 90° intervals around the shaft and (3,2 ± 0,05) mm apart centre to centre along
the shaft. The middle two rabble arms shall be set at 180° to each other, and likewise, the remaining two arms
at 180° to each other. The lowest rabble arm shall be set to give (1,6 ± 0,05) mm clearance between it and the
bottom of the crucible when the stirrer is in place. The upper end of the stirrer shall be cut to fit into a slot on
the lower end of the axle in the plastometer head.
The rabble arms should be checked before each test to ensure that they are clean and free from distortion or
other visual damage. It is essential that the dimensions of the rabble arms on the stirrer meet the
requirements in this clause and in Figure 2, and it is important that these dimensions are checked on a regular
basis, e.g. every 50 determinations. If after use it is found by accurate measurement that any of the
dimensions are outside the specified limits, the rabble arms should be replaced or the stirrer discarded.
5.2 Plastometer head.
The plastometer head, shown schematically in Figure 3, shall consist of a fixed-speed motor (approximately
300 r/min to 500 r/min) connected directly to a magnetic clutch or hysteresis brake capable of adjustment over
a reasonable range either side of a torque value of 101,6 g⋅cm (9,66 Nm). A dial drum, attached to the clutch
brake output shaft, shall be graduated into 100 divisions for 360 degrees. Each complete drum revolution or
100 dial divisions shall be recorded on a counter actuated by an electric eye or other suitable method. As an
alternative, an electronic device capable of measuring rotation rates between 0,01 and 300 r/min may be
attached to the clutch or brake output shaft. Using this latter technique, rotation rates can be converted
directly to dial divisions per minute (dd/min) and can be displayed or recorded once a minute on a suitable
electronic readout or printer.
NOTE Care is needed in the maintenance and lubrication of all bearings, particularly after the instrument has been
used with a coal high in volatile
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