Information and documentation — Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters — Part 3: Persian language — Transliteration

Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères arabes en caractères latins — Partie 3: Persan — Translittération

Informatika in dokumentacija - Transliteracija arabskih znakov v latinične znake - 3. del: Perzijski jezik - Transliteracija

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
01-december-2021

Informatika in dokumentacija - Transliteracija arabskih znakov v latinične znake -

3. del: Perzijski jezik - Transliteracija
Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin
characters - Part 3: Persian language — Transliteration

Information et documentation -- Translittération des caractères arabes en caractères

latins - Partie 3: Persan — Translittération
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/DIS 233-3
ICS:
01.140.10 Pisanje in prečrkovanje Writing and transliteration
oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 233-3
ISO/TC 46 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-09-14 2021-12-07
Information and documentation — Transliteration of
Arabic characters into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration

Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères arabes en caractères latins —

Partie 3: Persan — Translittération
ICS: 01.140.10
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Transliteration tables ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Table 1 — Consonants ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4.2 Vowels ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.2.1 Table 2a — Vowels – for fully reversible system .................................................................................. 4

4.2.2 Table 2b — Vowels – modified transliteration options .................................................................. 4

4.3 Arabic elements in the Persian language ......................................................................................................................... 5

4.3.1 Table 3 — Conventional signs .............................................................................................................................. 5

4.4 Table 4 — Different forms of hamzeh ................................................................................................................................6

4.5 Table 5 — Punctuation marks ................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.6 Table 6 — Persian numerals ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Annex A (normative) Different positional forms of characters ................................................................................................ 8

Annex B (normative) General principles ......................................................................................................................................................... 9

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46 Information and documentation.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 233-3:1999), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— Added missing diacritical signs to the tables and corrected some errors elsewhere in the text. Added

distinction in transliteration between ا and آ. Changed transliteration of خ (table 1, row 9) and ض

(table 1, row 18), from ḵ to x and ż to z̤ respectively. Changed transliteration of tanvin (table 3, row

2) from ″ to ã.

— Incorporated options for 3 “levels” of transliteration: strict, i.e. fully reversible (with and without

vowels); and a modified but not fully reversible system, which, for example, distinguishes in

transliteration when the characters و and ى function as long vowels or as consonants, and, in the

case of ى, other functions of the character.

— Added hexadecimal character codes (ISO/IEC 10646 or Unicode) to all tables containing Persian

characters and transliterations and therefore omitted Annexes B and D, Annex C thus becoming

Annex B.
— Added Terms and definitions section.
A list of all parts in the ISO 233 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
Introduction

This part of ISO 233 is one of a series of International Standards, dealing with the conversion of

systems of writing. The aim of this part of ISO 233 and others in the series is to provide a means for

international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission

and reconstitution of these, by men or machines. The system of conversion, in this case, must be

univocal and entirely reversible to allow for retransliteration.

This means that consideration to phonetic and aesthetic matters or to certain national customs is not a

priority: all these considerations are, indeed, ignored by the machine performing the function.

This part of ISO 233 may be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain

that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of

the original text in a person’s own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the

original graphism and thus allow anyone who has knowledge of the original language to pronounce it

correctly. Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if

one has a knowledge of English or Polish.

The existence in Perso-Arabic script of short vowels and other diacritical marks, which are pronounced

but often not written somewhat complicates this reading of the text but as those with knowledge of the

language can read and mentally fill in the missing signs/sounds when reading the original script, so

they can with the transliterated version, e.g. the word پِدَر, which consists of 3 consonants and 2 short

vowels (transliteration: pedar) when written without short vowels would be پدر (transliteration: pdr).

To address the issue of short vowels and other signs that are unwritten, and the fact that some

characters perform more than one function (e.g. characters that can function as either a vowel or a

consonant), ISO 233-3 incorporates three levels: strict and fully reversible, univocal, with short vowels

only transliterated if written in the source text; strict and fully reversible, univocal, with short vowels

included for clarity, regardless of their presence or absence in the source text; and a modified version

of the system that while not fully reversible includes the short vowels and takes account of the different

functions performed by some characters (see 4.1 and 4.2 for further details).

The adoption of this part of ISO 233 for international communication leaves every country free to

adopt for its own use a national standard which may be different, on condition that it is compatible

with this part of ISO 233. The system proposed herein should make this possible and be acceptable to

international use if the graphisms it creates are such that they may be converted automatically into the

graphisms used in any strict national systems.

The adoption of national standards compatible with this part of ISO 233 will permit the representation,

in an international publication, of the morphemes of each language according to the customs of the

country where it is spoken. It will be possible to simplify this representation in order to take into

account the number of the character sets available on different kinds of machines.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
Information and documentation — Transliteration of
Arabic characters into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration
1 Scope

This part of ISO 233 establishes a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of the Arabic

characters (often called Perso-Arabic script) used to write the Persian language. This simplification

of the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is especially intended to facilitate the processing of

bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.).
2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute

provisions of this part of ISO 233. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of,

any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 233

are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative

documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document

referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International

Standards.

ISO 233, Documentation — Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters

ISO 233-2, Information and documentation — Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters —

Part 2: Arabic language — Simplified transliteration
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
character

element of an alphabetical or other type of writing system that graphically represents a phoneme,

a syllable, a word or even a prosodical characteristic of a given language; it is used either alone

(for example, a letter, a syllabic sign, an ideographical character, a digit, a punctuation mark) or in

combination (such as an accent or a diacritical mark)

Note 1 to entry: A letter having an accent or a diacritical mark, for example â, è, ö, is therefore a character in the

same way as a basic letter.
3.2
vowel
a speech sound produced by unobstructed flow of air through the mouth
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
3.3
consonant
a speech sound produced by complete or partial closure of the vocal tract
3.4
transliteration

process which consists of representing the characters (3.1) of an alphabetical or syllabic system of

writing by the characters of a conversion alphabet
3.5
retransliteration

process whereby the characters (3.1) of a conversion alphabet are transformed back into those of the

converted writing system
3.6
transcription

process whereby the sounds of a given language are noted by the system of signs of a conversion

language
3.7
romanization
conversion of non-Latin writing systems to the Latin alphabet
4 Transliteration tables

“Hex” in the following tables refers to hexadecimal character codes in the standard ISO/IEC 10646

(Unicode).
4.1 Table 1 — Consonants

The shaded rows, numbered 1b, 30c etc., provide for option three described above, a modified but not

fully-reversible transliteration. They reference the use of consonant characters as vowels (see also

4.2 vowels). Where full reversibility is required only the main numbered rows should be used and the

shaded rows ignored.
Transliteration into Latin
No. Persian character Hex Hex
character
1 0627 â 00E2
1b ا 0627 Omit in word-initial position -
(see 4.2)
1c ا 0627 ā in word-medial or final posi- 0101
tion
2 ب 0628 b 0062
3 پ 067E p 0070
4 ت 062A t 0074
5 062B s̱ 0073+0331
6 ج 062C j 006A
7 چ 0686 č 010D
8 ح 062D ḥ 1E25
9 خ 062E x 0078
10 د 062F d 0064
11 0630 ẕ 1E95
12 ر 0631 r 0072
1) For the transliteration of hamzeh see 4.4.
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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
Transliteration into Latin
No. Persian character Hex Hex
character
13 ز 0632 z 007A
14 ژ 0698 ž 017E
15 س 0633 s 0073
16 ش 0634 š 0161
17 ص 0635 ṣ 1E63
18 ض 0636 z̤ 017C+0324
19 ط 0637 ṭ 1E6D
20 ظ 0638 ẓ 1E93
21 ع 0639 ‘ 02BB (2018)
22 غ 063A ġ 0121
23 ف 0641 f 0066
24 ق 0642 q 0071
25 06A9 k 006B
26 گ 06AF g 0067
27 ل 0644 l 006C
28 م 0645 m 006D
29 ن 0646 n 006E
30 و 0648 V 0076
30b 0648 ū when functioning as a long 016B
vowel
30c ُو 064F+0648 ow 006F+0077
ū when occurring in word-initial
30d او 0627+0648 016B
position
31 ه 0647 h 0068
32 ی 06CC Y 0079
32b ی 06CC ī when functioning as a long 012B
vowel
32c 0650+06CC ey 0065+0079
32d ی 06CC -ye when functioning as ez̤āfeh 0079+0065
(see note 8)
32e اى 0627+06CC ī when occurring in word-initial 012B
position
33 ى 06CC (0649) á when representing alif maqsu- 00E1
rah (in words of Arabic origin) *
For transliteration of alef with maddeh see 4.2; and with hamzeh see 4.4

02BB is recommended. Some transliterations use 2018 so this may be encountered

In the modified transliteration, this character should be transliterated as ‘v’ when functioning as a conso-

nant.

In the modified transliteration, this character should be transliterated as ‘y’ when functioning as a conso-

nant.

* The alif maqsurah is a feature of loan words and names of Arabic origin. It should have a different

Unicode encoding (0649) but in appearance it looks the same as the Persian ye (06CC) and the latter is

likely to occur in actual usage.

Different position forms of Persian characters (initial, medial, final and separate) are shown in Annex A.

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oSIST ISO/DIS 233-3:2021
ISO/DIS 233-3:2021(E)
4.2 Vowels

Generally, Persian words are written without short vowel signs. However, as the change of vowel sign

can bring about a different meaning (for example: پَر par = feather; پُر por = full), vowel signs may be

used intentionally whenever a difference in meaning is to be emphasized. In tables 2a and 3, both cases

are represented. However, often both the aforementioned examples will be written پر, transliterated

pr in the strict univocal system. In transliterati
...

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