ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023
(Main)Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 1: Systems
Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 1: Systems
This document specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialization of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.
Technologies de l'information — Codage générique des images animées et du son associé — Partie 1: Systèmes
General Information
Relations
Overview
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 (also published as ITU‑T Rec. H.222.0) defines the system layer for generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio - the cornerstone of MPEG‑2 systems. It specifies how compressed audio, video and other data streams are multiplexed, synchronized, timed and signalled into two primary multiplexed bitstream types: transport streams and program streams. Streams are built from PES (Packetized Elementary Stream) packets and system-level packets that carry program and system information.
Keywords: ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023, MPEG-2 systems, transport stream, program stream, PES packets, system layer, multiplexing, synchronization, buffering, digital TV, broadcast.
Key technical topics and requirements
- Stream types: Defines transport stream (for error-prone or multi‑program environments) and program stream (for near‑error‑free storage or software processing).
- PES-based construction: Both stream types are constructed from PES packets plus additional system information packets.
- Six core system functions: synchronization of multiple compressed streams, interleaving into a single stream, buffer initialization for decoder start-up, continuous buffer management, time identification, and multiplexing/signalling of components.
- Timing and buffering models: System timing model, decoder buffer requirements and mechanisms for jitter smoothing and splicing are specified.
- Program-specific information (PSI): Structures and signalling for program mapping, descriptors and metadata to enable program discovery and service information.
- Carriage of other codecs and data: Rules for carrying H.264/AVC, HEVC, VVC, EVC, LCEVC, MPEG‑H 3D audio, ISO/IEC 14496 elements and other metadata, subject to constraints.
- Conformance and registration: Procedures for private data formats and registered identifiers; annexes cover DSM‑CC, PSI guidance and conformance interfaces.
- Patent notice: Implementation may involve patents; consultees should check ISO/IEC patent resources.
Practical applications
- Broadcast and distribution systems (DVB, ATSC, satellite, cable)
- IPTV, streaming transport and adaptive delivery systems
- Digital storage and physical media systems (disc formats, file-based workflows)
- Encoder and decoder implementation (MPEG‑2/legacy interoperability)
- Middleware and conditional access systems that rely on PSI/metadata ISO/IEC 13818-1 is especially relevant where reliable multiplexing, timing and error resilience are required.
Who should use this standard
- System architects and engineers building broadcast and streaming systems
- Firmware and software developers implementing multiplexers, encoders, decoders and middleware
- Standards and interoperability teams in broadcasting, satellite and cable industries
- Product managers evaluating compliance and carriage of modern codecs over MPEG‑2 systems
Related standards
- ISO/IEC 13818-2 (video), ISO/IEC 13818-3 (audio)
- ITU‑T H.222.0 (equivalent publication)
- ISO/IEC 14496 series (MPEG‑4), H.264/AVC, HEVC, VVC, EVC, LCEVC (carriage clauses referenced)
For implementation planning, consult the full ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 text and the ISO patent database for up‑to‑date licensing information.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information - Part 1: Systems". This standard covers: This document specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialization of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.
This document specifies the system layer of the coding. It was developed principally to support the combination of the video and audio coding methods defined in Parts 2 and 3 of ISO/IEC 13818. The system layer supports six basic functions: 1) the synchronization of multiple compressed streams on decoding; 2) the interleaving of multiple compressed streams into a single stream; 3) the initialization of buffering for decoding start up; 4) continuous buffer management; 5) time identification; 6) multiplexing and signalling of various components in a system stream. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream is either a transport stream or a program stream. Both streams are constructed from PES packets and packets containing other necessary information. Both stream types support multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from one program with a common time base. The transport stream additionally supports the multiplexing of video and audio compressed streams from multiple programs with independent time bases. For almost error-free environments the program stream is generally more appropriate, supporting software processing of program information. The transport stream is more suitable for use in environments where errors are likely. A Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed bit stream, whether a transport stream or a program stream, is constructed in two layers: the outermost layer is the system layer, and the innermost is the compression layer. The system layer provides the functions necessary for using one or more compressed data streams in a system. The video and audio parts of this Specification define the compression coding layer for audio and video data. Coding of other types of data is not defined by this Specification, but is supported by the system layer provided that the other types of data adhere to the constraints defined in 2.7.
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.040.40 - Coding of audio, video, multimedia and hypermedia information. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO/IEC 13818-1:2025, ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022/Cor 1:2023, ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022, ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022/Amd 1:2023. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13818-1
Ninth edition
2023-12
Information technology — Generic
coding of moving pictures and
associated audio information —
Part 1:
Systems
Technologies de l'information — Codage générique des images
animées et du son associé —
Partie 1: Systèmes
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2023
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted.
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained
from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by ITU-T (as ITU-T H.222.0) and drafted in accordance with its editorial
rules, in collaboration with Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This ninth edition cancels and replaces the eighth edition (ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022/Amd 1:2023 and the
Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 13818-1:2022/Cor 1:2023.
The main changes are as follows:
— updates references to ISO/IEC 14496-1 where clause numbering and field naming has changed;
— clarifies a reference to ISO/IEC 23008-3, where the field 3dAudioSceneInfoID is named differently;
— removes semantic definitions for fields that do not exist in the respective syntax table (Table 2-123);
— improves the semantic definition for HDR_WCG_idc equal to '0';
— corrects a mismatch in field size between syntax table and semantic definition of
SubstreamOffset[k][j][i];
— corrects a misleading semantic definition of the media_description_flag for the Media_service_kind
descriptor.
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved iii
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 13818 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
iv © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 – GENERAL . 1
1.1 Scope . 1
1.2 Normative references . 1
SECTION 2 – TECHNICAL ELEMENTS . 4
2.1 Definitions. 4
2.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 12
2.3 Method of describing bit stream syntax . 14
2.4 Transport stream bitstream requirements . 15
2.5 Program stream bitstream requirements . 63
2.6 Program and program element descriptors . 77
2.7 Restrictions on the multiplexed stream semantics . 166
2.8 Compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172 . 170
2.9 Registration of copyright identifiers . 170
2.10 Registration of private data format. 171
2.11 Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 data . 171
2.12 Carriage of metadata . 183
2.13 Carriage of ISO 15938 data. 192
2.14 Carriage of Rec. ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 video . 192
2.15 Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496-17 text streams . 208
2.16 Carriage of auxiliary video streams . 210
2.17 Carriage of HEVC . 210
2.18 Carriage of green access units . 224
2.19 Carriage of ISO/IEC 23008-3 MPEG-H 3D audio data . 226
2.20 Carriage of Quality Access Units in MPEG-2 sections. 228
2.21 Carriage of sample variants . 229
2.22 Carriage of Media Orchestration Access Units . 230
2.23 Carriage of VVC . 230
2.24 Carriage of EVC . 235
2.25 Carriage of LCEVC . 238
Annex A CRC decoder model . 240
A.1 CRC decoder model . 240
Annex B Digital storage medium command and control (DSM-CC) . 241
B.1 Introduction . 241
B.2 General elements . 242
B.3 Technical elements . 244
Annex C Program-specific information. 250
C.1 Explanation of program-specific information in transport streams . 250
C.2 Introduction . 250
C.3 Functional mechanism . 250
C.4 The mapping of sections into transport stream packets . 251
C.5 Repetition rates and random access . 251
C.6 What is a program? . 252
C.7 Allocation of program_number . 252
C.8 Usage of PSI in a typical system . 252
C.9 The relationships of PSI structures . 253
C.10 Bandwidth utilization and signal acquisition time . 255
Annex D Systems timing model and application implications of this Recommendation | International Standard . 258
D.1 Introduction . 258
Annex E Data transmission applications . 267
E.1 General considerations . 267
E.2 Suggestion . 267
Annex F Graphics of syntax for this Recommendation | International Standard . 268
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F.1 Introduction . 268
Annex G General information . 272
G.1 General information . 272
Annex H Private data . 273
H.1 Private data . 273
Annex I Systems conformance and real-time interface . 274
I.1 Systems conformance and real-time interface. 274
Annex J Interfacing jitter-inducing networks to MPEG-2 decoders . 275
J.1 Introduction . 275
J.2 Network compliance models . 275
J.3 Network specification for jitter smoothing . 276
J.4 Example decoder implementations . 277
Annex K Splicing transport streams . 278
K.1 Introduction . 278
K.2 The different types of splicing point . 278
K.3 Decoder behaviour on splices . 279
Annex L Registration procedure (see 2.9) . 281
L.1 Procedure for the request of a Registered Identifier (RID) . 281
L.2 Responsibilities of the Registration Authority . 281
L.3 Responsibilities of parties requesting an RID . 281
L.4 Appeal procedure for denied applications . 281
Annex M Registration application form (see 2.9) . 283
M.1 Contact information of organization requesting a Registered Identifier (RID) . 283
M.2 Statement of an intention to apply the assigned RID . 283
M.3 Date of intended implementation of the RID . 283
M.4 Authorized representative . 283
M.5 For official use only of the Registration Authority . 283
Annex N Registration Authority Diagram of administration structure (see 2.9) . 284
Annex O Registration procedure (see 2.10) . 285
O.1 Procedure for the request of an RID. 285
O.2 Responsibilities of the Registration Authority . 285
O.3 Contact information for the Registration Authority . 285
O.4 Responsibilities of parties requesting an RID . 285
O.5 Appeal procedure for denied applications . 285
Annex P Registration application form . 287
P.1 Contact information of organization requesting an RID . 287
P.2 Request for a specific RID . 287
P.3 Short description of RID that is in use and date system that was implemented . 287
P.4 Statement of an intention to apply the assigned RID . 287
P.5 Date of intended implementation of the RID . 287
P.6 Authorized representative . 287
P.7 For official use of the Registration Authority . 287
Annex Q T-STD and P-STD buffer models for ISO/IEC 13818-7 ADTS . 288
Q.1 Introduction . 288
Q.2 Leak rate from transport buffer . 288
Q.3 Buffer size . 288
Q.4 Conclusion . 289
Annex R Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 scenes in Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1 . 291
R.1 Content access procedure for ISO/IEC 14496 program components within a program stream . 291
R.2 Content access procedure for ISO/IEC 14496 program components within a transport stream . 292
Annex S Carriage of JPEG 2000 part 1 video over MPEG-2 transport streams . 296
S.1 Introduction . 296
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Page
S.2 J2K video access unit, J2K video elementary stream, J2K video sequence and J2K still picture . 296
S.3 Optional J2K block mode for high resolution support . 296
S.4 Optional J2K stripe mode for Ultra-Low Latency . 297
S.5 Elementary stream header (elsm) and mapping to PES packets . 297
S.6 J2K transport constraints . 300
S.7 Interpretation of flags in adaptation and PES headers for J2K video elementary streams . 301
S.8 T-STD extension for J2K video elementary streams . 301
Annex T MIME type for MPEG-2 transport streams . 304
T.1 Introduction . 304
T.2 MIME type and subtype . 304
T.3 Security considerations . 305
T.4 Parameters . 305
Annex U Carriage of timeline and external media information over MPEG-2 transport streams . 307
U.1 Introduction . 307
U.2 TEMI access unit and TEMI elementary stream . 308
U.3 AF descriptors . 309
Annex V Transport of HEVC tiles . 318
V.1 Introduction . 318
V.2 HEVC tile substream identification example . 319
V.3 Subregion layout example . 319
Annex W Carriage of JPEG XS part 1 video over MPEG-2 Transport Streams . 321
W.1 Introduction . 321
W.2 JPEG XS video access unit, JPEG XS video elementary stream, JPEG XS video sequence and JPEG XS
still picture . 321
W.3 Elementary stream header (jxes) and mapping to PES packets . 321
W.4 JPEG XS transport constraints . 322
W.5 Interpretation of flags in adaptation field and PES packet for JPEG XS video elementary streams . 323
W.6 T-STD extension for JPEG XS video elementary streams . 323
Bibliography . 326
Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 v9 (08/2023) vii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved
List of Tables
Page
Table 2-1 – Transport stream . 26
Table 2-2 – Transport packet of this Recommendation | International Standard . 26
Table 2-3 – PID table . 27
Table 2-4 – Scrambling control values . 27
Table 2-5 – Adaptation field control values . 28
Table 2-6 – Transport stream adaptation field . 28
Table 2-7 – Splice parameters Table 1 Simple Profile Main Level, Main Profile Main Level, SNR Profile Main Level
(both layers), Spatial Profile High-1440 Level (base layer), High Profile Main Level (middle + base layers), Multi-view
Profile Main Level (base layer) Video . 35
Table 2-8 – Splice parameters Table 2 Main Profile Low Level, SNR Profile Low Level (both layers), High Profile
Main Level (base layer), Multi-view Profile Low Level (base layer) Video . 35
Table 2-9 – Splice parameters Table 3 Main Profile High-1440 Level, Spatial Profile High-1440 Level (all layers), High
Profile High-1440 Level (middle + base layers), Multi-view Profile High-1440 Level (base layer) Video . 36
Table 2-10 – Splice parameters Table 4 Main Profile High Level, High Profile High-1440 Level (all layers), High
Profile High Level (middle + base layers), Multi-view Profile High Level (base layer) Video . 36
Table 2-11 – Splice parameters Table 5 SNR Profile Low Level (base layer) Video . 36
Table 2-12 – Splice parameters Table 6 SNR Profile Main Level (base layer) Video . 36
Table 2-13 – Splice parameters Table 7 Spatial Profile High-1440 Level (middle + base layers) Video . 37
Table 2-14 – Splice parameters Table 8 High Profile Main Level (all layers), High Profile High-1440 Level (base layer)
Video . 37
Table 2-15 – Splice parameters Table 9 High Profile High Level (base layer), Multi-view Profile Main Level (both
layers) Video . 37
Table 2-16 – Splice parameters Table 10 High Profile High Level (all layers), Multi-view Profile High-1440 Level (both
layers) Video . 38
Table 2-17 – Splice parameters Table 11 4:2:2 Profile Main Level Video . 38
Table 2-18 – Splice parameters Table 12 Multi-view Profile Low Level (both layers) Video. 38
Table 2-19 – Splice parameters Table 13 Multi-view Profile High Level (both layers) Video . 38
Table 2-20 – Splice parameters Table 14 4:2:2 Profile High Level Video . 39
Table 2-21 – PES packet . 39
Table 2-22 – Stream_id assignments . 42
Table 2-23 – PES scrambling control values . 43
Table 2-24 – Trick mode control values . 48
Table 2-25 – Field_id field control values . 49
Table 2-26 – Coefficient selection values . 49
Table 2-27 – Stream_id_extension assignments . 51
Table 2-28 – Program-specific information . 52
Table 2-29 – Program-specific information pointer . 54
Table 2-30 – Program association section . 54
Table 2-31 – table_id assignment values . 55
Table 2-32 – Conditional access section . 56
Table 2-33 – Transport stream program map section . 57
Table 2-34 – Stream type assignments . 58
Table 2-35 – Private section . 61
Table 2-36 – The transport stream description table . 62
Table 2-37 – Program stream . 68
Table 2-38 – Program stream pack . 68
Table 2-39 – Program stream pack header . 69
Table 2-40 – Program stream system header . 70
Table 2-41 – Program stream map . 73
Table 2-42 – Program stream directory packet . 75
Table 2-43 – Intra_coded indicator . 76
Table 2-44 – Coding_parameters indicator . 77
Table 2-45 – Program and program element descriptors . 77
Table 2-46 – Video stream descriptor . 79
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Table 2-47 – Frame rate code . 79
Table 2-48 – Audio stream descriptor . 80
Table 2-49 – Hierarchy descriptor . 80
Table 2-50 – Hierarchy_type field values . 82
Table 2-51 – Registration descriptor . 82
Table 2-52 – Data stream alignment descriptor . 83
Table 2-53 – Video stream alignment values . 83
Table 2-54 – AVC video stream alignment values . 84
Table 2-55 – HEVC video stream alignment values . 84
Table 2-56 – Audio stream alignment values . 84
Table 2-57 – VVC video stream alignment values . 85
Table 2-58 – EVC video stream alignment values . 85
Table 2-59 – Target background grid descriptor . 86
Table 2-60 – Video window descriptor . 86
Table 2-61 – Conditional access descriptor . 87
Table 2-62 – ISO 639 language descriptor . 87
Table 2-63 – Audio type values . 88
Table 2-64 – System clock descriptor . 89
Table 2-65 – Multiplex buffer utilization descriptor . 89
Table 2-66 – Copyright descriptor . 90
Table 2-67 – Maximum bitrate descriptor . 90
Table 2-68 – Private data indicator descriptor . 91
Table 2-69 – Smoothing buffer descriptor . 91
Table 2-70 – STD descriptor . 92
Table 2-71 – IBP descriptor . 92
Table 2-72 – MPEG-4 video descriptor . 93
Table 2-73 – MPEG-4 audio descriptor . 93
Table 2-75 – IOD descriptor . 96
Table 2-76 – SL descriptor . 96
Table 2-77 – FMC descriptor . 97
Table 2-78 – External_ES_ID descriptor. 97
Table 2-79 – Muxcode descriptor . 98
Table 2-80 – M4MuxBufferSize descriptor . 98
Table 2-81 – MultiplexBuffer descriptor . 99
Table 2-82 – M4MuxTiming descriptor . 99
Table 2-83 – Content labelling descriptor . 100
Table 2-84 – Metadata_application_format . 100
Table 2-85 – Content_time_base_indicator values . 101
Table 2-86 – Metadata pointer descriptor . 102
Table 2-87 – Metadata format values . 102
Table 2-88 – MPEG_carriage_flags . 103
Table 2-89 – Metadata descriptor . 104
Table 2-90 – decoder_config_flags . 105
Table 2-91 – Metadata STD descriptor. 106
Table 2-92 – AVC video descriptor . 106
Table 2-93 – AVC timing and HRD descriptor . 108
Table 2-94 – MPEG-2 AAC_audio_descriptor . 109
Table 2-95 – MPEG-2_AAC_additional_information field values . 110
Table 2-96 – MPEG-4 text descriptor . 110
Table 2-97 – MPEG-4 audio extension descriptor . 110
Table 2-98 – Auxiliary video stream descriptor . 111
Table 2-99 – SVC extension descriptor . 112
Table 2-100 – MVC extension descriptor. 113
Table 2-101 – J2K video descriptor . 114
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Table 2-102 – Example frame rates based on DEN_frame_rate and NUM_frame_rate values . 116
Table 2-103 – MVC operation point descriptor . 118
Table 2-104 – MPEG2_stereoscopic_video_format_descriptor syntax . 119
Table 2-105 – Stereoscopic_program_info_descriptor syntax . 119
Table 2-106 – Stereoscopic_service_type values . 120
Table 2-107 – Stereoscopic_video_info_descriptor syntax . 120
Table 2-108 – Upsampling factor values . 121
Table 2-109 – Extension descriptor . 121
Table 2-110 – Extension descriptor tag values . 124
Table 2-111 – Transport_profile_descriptor syntax . 125
Table 2-112 – Transport_profile values . 125
Table 2-113 – HEVC video descriptor .
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ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 표준은 정보 기술 분야에서 동영상 및 관련 오디오 정보를 일반적으로 코딩하는 시스템 계층을 지정하는 문서로, 특히 ISO/IEC 13818의 2부 및 3부에서 정의된 비디오 및 오디오 코딩 방법을 결합하는 데 중점을 두고 개발되었습니다. 본 표준의 강점은 총 여섯 가지 기본 기능을 지원한다는 점입니다. 첫째, 여러 개의 압축 스트림을 디코딩할 때 동기화하는 기능과 둘째, 여러 압축 스트림을 단일 스트림으로 인터리빙하는 과정이 포함되어 있습니다. 셋째, 디코딩 시작을 위한 버퍼링 초기화 및 넷째, 지속적인 버퍼 관리 기능 역시 이 시스템 레이어에서 제공합니다. 다섯째, 시간 식별 기능과 여섯째, 시스템 스트림에서 다양한 구성 요소의 멀티플렉싱 및 신호화 기능이 포함되어 있습니다. 따라서, ISO/IEC 13818-1 표준은 사실상 오류가 없는 환경에서 프로그램 스트림을 사용하는 것이 적합하며, 이는 프로그램 정보의 소프트웨어 처리를 지원합니다. 반면, 오류 가능성이 있는 환경에서는 트랜스포트 스트림을 사용하는 것이 보다 적합합니다. 이러한 구분은 각각의 스트림 유형이 비디오와 오디오 압축 스트림을 공통적인 시간 기반으로 멀티플렉싱 가능하도록 설계된 점에서 매우 중요합니다. ISO/IEC 13818-1 표준에서 정의된 전송 스트림과 프로그램 스트림은 PES 패킷 및 기타 필요한 정보를 포함하는 패킷으로 구성됩니다. 이 표준은 시스템의 하나 이상의 압축 데이터 스트림을 사용하기 위한 필요한 기능을 제공하여 넓은 범위의 응용 프로그램에서 높은 유용성을 입증합니다. 마지막으로, 이 표준은 비디오와 오디오 데이터의 압축 코딩 레이어를 정의하지만, 다른 유형의 데이터 코딩은 정의하지 않으며, 대신 해당 데이터가 2.7에서 정의된 제약 조건을 준수할 경우 시스템 레이어에서 지원할 수 있도록 되어 있습니다. 이러한 측면에서 ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 표준은 오늘날의 정보 기술 환경에서 필수적인 문서로 자리매김하고 있습니다.
Le document ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 est une norme essentielle dans le domaine de la technologie de l'information, spécifiquement pour le codage générique des images en mouvement et des informations audio associées. Cette norme se concentre sur la couche système du codage, mettant en relation les méthodes de codage vidéo et audio présentées dans les parties 2 et 3 de ISO/IEC 13818. L'un des principaux atouts de cette norme réside dans son ampleur fonctionnelle. En effet, elle permet la synchronisation de plusieurs flux compressés lors du décodage, l'entrelacement de flux compressés dans un seul flux, l'initialisation de la mise en tampon pour le démarrage du décodage, la gestion continue des tampons, l'identification temporelle et le multiplexage ainsi que le signalement des divers composants dans un flux système. Ces fonctions sont cruciales pour la manipulation efficace des données vidéo et audio dans divers contextes d'application. La pertinence de cette norme est accentuée par sa capacité à prendre en charge deux types de flux : le flux de transport et le flux de programme. Le flux de programme est particulièrement adapté aux environnements pratiquement exempt d'erreurs, favorisant ainsi le traitement logiciel de l'information du programme. En revanche, le flux de transport est plus approprié pour les environnements où des erreurs sont susceptibles de survenir, garantissant une robustesse accrue dans la transmission des données. De plus, la structure en deux couches du flux multiplexé, comprenant une couche système extérieure et une couche de compression intérieure, permet une flexibilité et une extensibilité appréciables pour les utilisateurs. La norme ISO/IEC 13818-1 prouve également sa capacité à supporter des types de données additionnels, tant que ceux-ci respectent les contraintes définies. En résumé, le document ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 se distingue par ses fonctions multifonctionnelles qui facilitent le codage et la transmission des informations audio et vidéo tout en soutenant des applications variées et en garantissant une interopérabilité élevée dans le monde des technologies numériques.
The ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 standard presents a comprehensive framework for the system layer of coding, specifically tailored for the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information. This document is a critical component of the broader ISO/IEC 13818 series, designed to harmonize and enhance the interplay between video and audio coding methods established in its subsequent parts. One of the key strengths of the standard is its multifaceted approach, encapsulating six essential functions that underpin the effective utilization of compressed streams. These functions-synchronization, interleaving, buffering initialization, continuous buffer management, time identification, and multiplexing-are pivotal in ensuring seamless playback and integration of multiple audio and video streams. The versatility in supporting both transport and program streams caters to varying operational environments, making ISO/IEC 13818-1 a pragmatic choice for developers looking to optimize multimedia systems. The distinction between transport and program streams is particularly noteworthy. The program stream is ideal for stable environments, focusing on software processing of program informations, whereas the transport stream excels in more error-prone settings, thereby demonstrating the standard’s relevance across diverse applications. The dual-layer construction of a multiplexed bit stream-a system layer and a compression layer-ensures that the underlying architecture is robust, facilitating the integration and management of compressed data. Moreover, while the standard does not prescribe coding methods for other types of data, it remains flexible, allowing for the inclusion of different data types as long as they comply with the specified constraints. This adaptability enhances the relevance of ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 in the increasingly complex landscape of multimedia technology. Overall, ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 stands out as a pivotal resource for professionals in the information technology field, particularly those focusing on multimedia systems. Its clear delineation of functions and supportive framework for multiplexing and signaling solidify its place as a vital standard for efficient coding of moving pictures and audio information.
ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023は、映像と音声情報の一般的なコーディングに関する標準であり、特にシステム層のコーディングを規定しています。このドキュメントは、ISO/IEC 13818のパート2およびパート3で定義された映像および音声コーディング手法の組み合わせをサポートするために主に開発されました。 この標準の強みは、6つの基本機能をサポートしていることです。具体的には、1) 複数の圧縮ストリームのデコーディング時の同期、2) 複数の圧縮ストリームを1つのストリームにインタリーブする機能、3) デコード開始時のバッファ初期化、4) 継続的なバッファ管理、5) 時間識別、6) システムストリーム内のさまざまなコンポーネントの多重化と信号化です。これらの機能は、映像と音声の圧縮ストリームを効率的に処理するために不可欠です。 さらに、この標準では、Rec. ITU-T H.222.0 | ISO/IEC 13818-1によって多重化されたビットストリームが、トランスポートストリームまたはプログラムストリームのいずれかであることが示されています。これらのストリームは、PESパケットおよびその他の必要な情報を含むパケットから構成されており、共通の時間基準を持つ1つのプログラムからの映像および音声の圧縮ストリームの多重化をサポートしています。特にトランスポートストリームは、複数のプログラムの独立した時間基準からの映像および音声の圧縮ストリームの多重化を追加でサポートするため、エラーが発生する可能性のある環境での利用に適しています。 ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023は、システムストリーム内で1つまたは複数の圧縮データストリームを使用するために必要な機能を提供するシステム層を有しており、その意味で非常に適切な標準です。さらに、映像と音声のセクションでは、音声および映像データの圧縮コーディング層が定義されており、他のデータタイプのコーディングはこの仕様では明示されていないものの、システム層が他のデータタイプをサポートすることを認識しています。 このように、ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023は、現代の情報技術において重要な役割を果たす標準であり、映像と音声の統合的な管理や配信を支える基盤を提供しています。
Der Standard ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 bietet eine umfassende und präzise Definition der Systemschicht der Codierung für bewegte Bilder und zugehörige Audiodaten. Sein Hauptziel ist die Unterstützung der Kombination der Video- und Audiocodierungsverfahren, die in den Teilen 2 und 3 des ISO/IEC 13818 definiert sind. Die Relevanz dieses Standards liegt in seiner Fähigkeit, die Interoperabilität zwischen verschiedenen Codierungsformaten zu gewährleisten, was in der heutigen digitalen Welt von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Zu den Stärken des Standards gehört die Unterstützung von sechs grundlegenden Funktionen, die für die effektive Handhabung von codierten Streams unerlässlich sind. Dies umfasst die Synchronisierung mehrerer komprimierter Streams während der Dekodierung, das Interleave mehrerer Streams zu einem einzigen Stream sowie die Initialisierung des Buffers für den Dekodierungsstart. Die kontinuierliche Verwaltung des Buffers, die Zeitidentifikation und das Multiplexing sowie Signalisierung verschiedener Komponenten innerhalb eines Systemstreams sind weitere kritische Funktionen, die der Standard bereitstellt. Zudem differenziert der Standard zwischen dem Transportstream und dem Programmstream, zwei unterschiedlichen Arten von multiplexierten Bitströmen, die beide aus PES-Paketen und anderen notwendigen Informationen bestehen. Während der Programmstream im Allgemeinen besser für nahezu fehlerfreie Umgebungen geeignet ist und die Softwareverarbeitung von Programminformationen unterstützt, eignet sich der Transportstream besser für Umgebungen, in denen Fehler wahrscheinlich sind. Diese Differenzierung erhöht die Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit des Standards in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen. Die zweischichtige Struktur eines gemäß ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexierten Bitstroms, mit einer äußeren Systemschicht und einer inneren Kompressionsschicht, verdeutlicht die modularen Eigenschaften des Standards. Diese Struktur ermöglicht die nahtlose Integration und Verwendung mehrerer komprimierter Datenströme innerhalb eines Systems, was für innovative Anwendungen in der digitalen Medienverarbeitung von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Insgesamt bietet ISO/IEC 13818-1:2023 einen robusten Rahmen für die Codierung und Verarbeitung von Audio- und Videodaten und bleibt ein relevantes Werkzeug für Fachleute in der Informationstechnologie.
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