ISO 20140-5:2017

Automation systems and integration - Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment - Part 5: Environmental performance evaluation data

ISO 20140-5:2017 specifies the types of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) data, including their attributes, which can be used for evaluating the environmental performance of manufacturing systems based on the general principles described in ISO 20140‑1. It also provides recommendations for mapping the EPE data on to information models specified by IEC 62264. ISO 20140-5:2017 applies to discrete, batch and continuous manufacturing. ISO 20140-5:2017 is applicable to entire manufacturing facilities and to parts of a manufacturing facility. ISO 20140-5:2017 specifically excludes from its scope the syntax of the data and information models, the protocols to exchange data models, the functions that can be enabled by data models, and the activities in Level 1 and Level 2. The scope of ISO 20140-5:2017 also includes indicating the differences among various data and information models and the differences among various representations of environmental performance by actual data. ISO 20140-5:2017 refers to the semantics of the structured data and information models used by communication protocols. The semantics explain the meaning of the attributes and of the context information. The following are outside the scope of ISO 20140-5:2017: · product life cycle assessment; · EPE data that are specific to a particular industry sector, manufacturer or machinery; · acquisition of data; · the activity of data communication.

Systèmes d'automatisation et intégration — Évaluation de l'efficacité énergétique et autres facteurs de fabrication des systèmes qui influencent l'environnement — Partie 5: Données d'évaluation de la performance environnementale

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Apr-2017
• ICS: 25.040.01 - Industrial automation systems in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 5 - Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation applications
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 5/WG 10 - Evaluation of energy efficiency and other relevant factors of a manufacturing system with respect to its environmental influence
• Parallel Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 8 - Joint SC 4 - SC 5 WG : Manufacturing process and management information
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 17-Sep-2024
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO 20140-5:2024 - Automation systems and integration - Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment - Part 5: Environmental performance evaluation data
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Overview - ISO 20140-5:2017 (Environmental performance evaluation data)

ISO 20140-5:2017 is Part 5 of the ISO 20140 series and defines the types of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) data and their attributes for assessing the environmental performance of manufacturing systems. The standard targets energy efficiency and other environmental factors (e.g., energy consumption, waste, releases) for discrete, batch and continuous manufacturing and applies to entire facilities or parts of a facility. It emphasizes the semantics of structured data and recommends mapping EPE data to information models specified by IEC 62264.

Key technical topics and requirements

• Classification of EPE data: context information, source/time classifications, and further breakdowns relevant to evaluation.
• Actual data: definitions and guidance on sources across manufacturing hierarchy Levels 2–4, representation in operation and CRR (create, read, report) steps, and attributes for energy, material, process and environmental actual data.
• External and reference data: upstream material and energy data, environmental characteristics data (ECD), residual CRR data, production control, process plan and manufacturing system reference data.
• Mapping guidance: recommendations for mapping EPE data to IEC 62264 information models and for highlighting differences among data models and representations of environmental performance.
• Semantics focus: meaning of attributes and context information is specified; the standard explicitly excludes syntax, communication protocols, data acquisition methods, Level 1/2 activities, and product life cycle assessment.

Practical applications

• Benchmarking environmental performance of manufacturing systems and comparing alternative configurations.
• Energy management and optimization: analyzing actual energy data at equipment, work unit and facility levels to prioritize improvements.
• Design and reconfiguration: informing manufacturing system design, process planning and reconfiguration with structured EPE data.
• Operational visibility: visualizing actual environmental performance on the shop floor to support continuous improvement and target setting.
• Reporting and KPI alignment: standardizes attributes to support KPIs and mapping to common object models (e.g., IEC 62264, ISO 22400 KPI structures).

Who should use ISO 20140-5

• Environmental and energy managers in factories and enterprises
• Process and manufacturing engineers and planners
• Systems integrators and automation architects working with manufacturing IT/OT data models
• Operations managers and foremen seeking standardized environmental KPIs

Related standards and resources

• ISO 20140-1: Overview and general principles of the EPE method (required companion).
• IEC 62264: Enterprise-control system integration - target information models for mapping EPE data.
• Annexes in ISO 20140-5 include mapping examples, common object models, KPI record structures and use cases to aid implementation.

Keywords: ISO 20140-5, environmental performance evaluation data, EPE data, energy efficiency, manufacturing systems, IEC 62264, discrete manufacturing, batch manufacturing, continuous manufacturing.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20140-5
First edition
2017-04
Automation systems and
integration — Evaluating energy
efficiency and other factors of
manufacturing systems that influence
the environment —
Part 5:
Environmental performance
evaluation data
Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration — Évaluation de l’efficacité
énergétique et autres facteurs de fabrication des systèmes qui
influencent l’environnement —
Partie 5: Données d’évaluation de la performance environnementale
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
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Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Classification of EPE data . 4
4.1 EPE data context information . 4
4.2 Classification by source and time . 4
4.3 Further classification of data . 5
5 Actual data . 6
5.1 Overview . 6
5.2 Sources of actual data . 7
5.2.1 Overview . 7
5.2.2 Actual data located in Level 2 . 7
5.2.3 Actual data located in Level 3 . 7
5.2.4 Actual data located in Level 4 . 8
5.2.5 Selecting the source of actual data . 8
5.3 Actual data in operation step . 9
5.3.1 Overview . 9
5.3.2 Requirements for actual data in operation step .10
5.3.3 Accessibility of actual data for EPE .10
5.3.4 Representation of environmental performance by actual data.10
5.3.5 Actual energy data .11
5.3.6 Actual material data .13
5.3.7 Manufacturing operations and process actual data .14
5.3.8 Environmental actual data .14
5.4 Actual data in CRR step .15
6 External data .15
6.1 General .15
6.2 Upstream data .15
6.2.1 General.15
6.2.2 Material upstream data .16
6.2.3 Energy upstream data .16
6.3 Environmental characteristics data (ECD) .17
6.4 Exchanged residual CRR data .17
7 Reference data .18
7.1 Overview .18
7.2 Residual CRR data .18
7.3 Production control data .19
7.4 Manufacturing system data .19
7.5 Process plan data .20
8 Mapping of EPE data .20
8.1 Overview .20
8.2 Classifications relevant to energy management .22
8.3 Differences between Levels 2 and 3 and Levels 3 and 4 actual data .22
Annex A (informative) Mapping of EPE data.24
Annex B (informative) Common object model of IEC 62264‑2 .45
Annex C (informative) Structure of a KPI record described by ISO 22400‑2 .51
Annex D (informative) Use case: Measuring the itemized and the total actual
energy consumption .54
Annex E (informative) Material upstream data — Regional regulations and
international standards .56
Annex F (informative) Greenhouse gas emission along the life cycle .60
Annex G (informative) Commonly used energy data models attributes .61
Bibliography .63
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: w w w . i s o .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared jointly by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and
automation applications, and Technical Committee IEC/TC 65, Industrial-process measurement, control
and automation. The draft was circulated for voting to the national bodies of both ISO and IEC.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20140 series can be found on the ISO website.
Introduction
ISO 20140 specifies an environmental performance evaluation (EPE) method for evaluating the energy
efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that influence the environment (e.g. energy
consumption, waste and release). The EPE method includes guidelines for analysing the usage of energy
by the manufacturing system and the effects of the manufacturing system on the environment. The
method described in ISO 20140 is used to perform systematically an EPE by analysing the manufacturing
activities and the manufacturing system.
ISO 20140 is intended for discrete products/parts manufacturing systems used in manufacturing
processes such as forming, machining, painting, assembling, testing for the production of products
such as aircraft, automobile, electric appliances, machine tools and their components.
ISO 20140 focuses on applying the EPE method on a manufacturing system having a hierarchical
structure comprised of work units, work centres and areas. The EPE method can be applied for
quantifying the improvements in production management and individual manufacturing equipment
operations in various manufacturing system configurations.
The EPE method and underlying concept of ISO 20140 can also be used as the foundation for EPE for
continuous processes and batch processes.
ISO 20140 can be used for:
— benchmarking of environmental performance for a generic manufacturing system;
— performing studies of environmental performance for improving a current manufacturing
process, reconfiguring a current manufacturing system/equipment and designing a new
manufacturing system;
— comparing the environmental performance of different manufacturing systems producing the same
product;
— setting the top level target of environmental improvement and the breakdown to constituent
systems, work units and individual manufacturing equipment;
— improving the shop floor operations by visualizing the actual status of environmental performance.
Expected users of ISO 20140 are:
— managers for environmental conditions in a factory, site and enterprise;
— engineers for process planning of products;
— planners and designers for manufacturing systems;
— engineers and foremen that produce products by operating a manufacturing system.
ISO 20140-1 provides an overview and general principles of a method for evaluating the environmental
performance of manufacturing systems.
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20140-5:2017(E)
Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy
efficiency and other factors of manufacturing systems that
influence the environment —
Part 5:
Environmental performance evaluation data
1 Scope
This document specifies the types of environmental performance evaluation (EPE) data, including
their attributes, which can be used for evaluating the environmental performance of manufacturing
systems based on the general principles described in ISO 20140-1. It also provides recommendations
for mapping the EPE data on to information models specified by IEC 62264.
This document applies to discrete, batch and continuous manufacturing.
This document is applicable to entire manufacturing facilities and to parts of a manufacturing facility.
This document specifically excludes from its scope the syntax of the data and information models, the
protocols to exchange data models, the functions that can be enabled by data models, and the activities
in Level 1 and Level 2.
The scope of this document also includes indicating the differences among various data and information
models and the differences among various representations of environmental performance by actual data.
This document refers to the semantics of the structured data and information models used by
communication protocols. The semantics explain the meaning of the attributes and of the context
information.
The following are outside the scope of this document:
— product life cycle assessment;
— EPE data that are specific to a particular industry sector, manufacturer or machinery;
— acquisition of data;
— the activity of data communication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20140-1:2013, Automation systems and integration — Evaluating energy efficiency and other factors
of manufacturing systems that influence the environment — Part 1: Overview and general principles
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20140-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
actual data
data (3.2) measured or counted from the manufacturing system (3.16) during the manufacturing
process (3.15)
3.2
data
collection of values of measured or derived characteristics of objects, such as facts, processes, or events,
before it is interpreted as an information (3.5) in a formalized manner suitable for communication,
processing and interpretation
3.3
enterprise domain
domain that includes all the activities in Level 4 (3.12) and information (3.5) that flows to and from
Level 3 (3.11)
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.11]
3.4
external data
data (3.2) that come from outside of the manufacturing enterprise
3.5
information
combination of data (3.2) concerning objects, such as facts, processes or events, in a meaningful form
that enables interpretation with a particular meaning within a certain context
Note 1 to entry: Both data and information are collections of items. In the context of this document, data become
information when the data structure, model, or object contains also reference elements (see 3.17 and Clause 4).
Note 2 to entry: For the purpose of simplifying the text, unless explicitly specified, this document uses the word
“information” with the meaning of the term “information for environmental performance evaluation”.
3.6
environmental performance evaluation data
EPE data
data (3.2) that can used for environmental performance evaluation
3.7
key performance indicator
KPI
performance measurement of some critical aspect of the system or component
Note 1 to entry: KPIs are chosen by an organization based on a specific criterion determined by its mission,
operating plans and continual improvement procedures.
3.8
Level 0
actual physical process
Note 1 to entry: This term is used in the context of functional hierarchy of enterprise-control systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.19, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

3.9
Level 1
functions involved in sensing and manipulating the physical process
Note 1 to entry: This term is used in the context of functional hierarchy of enterprise-control systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.18, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.10
Level 2
functions involved in monitoring and controlling of the physical process
Note 1 to entry: This term is used in the context of functional hierarchy of enterprise-control systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.17, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.11
Level 3
functions involved in managing the work flows to produce the desired end-products
Note 1 to entry: This term is used in the context of functional hierarchy of enterprise-control systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.17, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.12
Level 4
functions involved in the business-related activities needed to manage a manufacturing organization
Note 1 to entry: This term is used in the context of functional hierarchy of enterprise-control systems.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.16, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.13
manufacturing operations and control domain
MO&C domain
domain that includes all the activities and information (3.5) that flows in Level 3 (3.11), Level 2 (3.10)
and Level 1 (3.9) and information flows to and from Level 4 (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: Traditional use of the terminology “control domain” included the activities defined here as the
terminology “manufacturing operations and control domain”.
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.21]
3.14
manufacturing operations management domain
MOM domain
domain that includes all the activities in Level 3 (3.11) and information (3.5) that flows to and from
Level 1 (3.9), Level 2 (3.10) and Level 4 (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: The manufacturing operations management domain is a subset of the manufacturing operations
and control domain (3.13).
Note 2 to entry: For the purposes of this document, the word “information” in this definition also means data (3.2).
[SOURCE: IEC 62264-1:2013, 3.1.23, modified – Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.15
manufacturing process
set of processes in manufacturing involving a flow and/or transformation of material, information (3.5),
energy, control, or any other element in a manufacturing area
[SOURCE: ISO 18435-1:2009, 3.16]
3.16
manufacturing system
system comprised of a hierarchical structure of individual manufacturing equipment, coordinated by
a particular information (3.5) model to support the execution and control of manufacturing processes
(3.15) involving the flow of information, material and energy in a manufacturing plant
[SOURCE: ISO 16100-1:2009, 3.19, modified — The words “comprised of a hierarchical structure of
individual manufacturing equipment” have been added.]
3.17
reference data
data (3.2) concerning aspects of manufacturing system (3.16) and manufacturing process (3.15), data
that are generated or managed by the manufacturing system, other than actual data (3.1)
3.18
upstream data
data (3.2) associated with resources incoming through the unit process boundary
4 Classification of EPE data
4.1 EPE data context information
Values of EPE data (actual data obtained by measurements performed in Level 1) are rarely available
in the form of a single numerical value (e.g. the instantaneous beer mash temperature in fermenting
tank, the instantaneous pump energy consumption). The value of the actual data gets commonly
associated with equipment and operation context information by means of structured data models
(see Reference [36]). The actual data and context information contained in data models are thereafter
processed and aggregated into structured information models (see IEC 62264-1:2013) containing also
production control, manufacturing system and process plan context information.
Subclause 5.2 indicates that a same actual data value can be contained in multiple data and information
models located in either of the functional Levels 2, 3 and 4 of the manufacturing system.
NOTE An actual data value can be included in a variety of data and information models based on the purpose
for which that model is configured: energy management, operation control, etc.
An aspect common to the structured data and the information models is that they can be exchanged
among various activities located in different levels of the functional hierarchy while the context
information gets successively added by those activities in the model structure.
An EPE data model can contain one or more attributes. Attributes can represent context information,
including:
— when the data have been obtained;
— by what method the data have been obtained;
— how the data have been processed;
— the purpose of the data (as a response to information request, for control, for reporting, for EPE, for
KPI evaluation, etc.).
4.2 Classification by source and time
The EPE data shall be classified based on source and time, as follows:
— actual data;
— external data;
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

— reference data.
Figure 1 illustrates that the actual data are being generated in the manufacturing enterprise during the
manufacturing process. The reference data are generated also within the manufacturing enterprise but
at another timing than during the execution of the manufacturing process.
A distinct category of EPE data is represented by the external data that consists of data that comes
from outside of the manufacturing enterprise.
Figure 1 — Classification of EPE data by source and time
The categories of actual, external and reference data are complementary and, as illustrated in Figure 1,
the three data categories contain together the entire amount of data needed for EPE.
The high level classification of data by source and time indicates the requirement for every data to have
the following two attributes describing the data:
a) an attribute indicating the data sourcing;
b) an attribute indicating the data timing (the time when data are created with respect to the
execution of the manufacturing process).
The two data attributes unequivocally identify whether the EPE data is actual, external or reference data.
4.3 Further classification of data
Figure 2 describes a refinement of the data classification illustrated in Figure 1. The actual, external
and reference data classes contain data types as shown in the following not all-inclusive list:
— actual data:
— actual data in operation step;
— actual data in the construction, reconfiguration and retirement (CRR) step;
— other;
— external data:
— upstream data;
— environmental characteristic data;
— residual CRR data;
— other;
— reference data:
— process control data;
— manufacturing system data;
— process plan data;
— other.
Figure 2 — Refined classification of EPE data
5 Actual data
5.1 Overview
Physical and chemical systems have measureable properties whose values describe a state of the
system. Examples of physical and chemical systems properties include temperature, distance, voltage,
flow and level. The measurements are commonly performed by transducers located in Level 1.
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Level 1 actual data are rarely available to Levels 3 and 4 in a single value format as measured by a
transducer (e.g. an instantaneous temperature or voltage value). An automation system could associate
and aggregate actual data with equipment and operation context information into data and information
structures. Accordingly, the term “actual data” in this document refers commonly to a data structure
that contains an actual data value.
5.2 Sources of actual data
5.2.1 Overview
Figure 3 illustrates that the same value of an actual data value can be contained in data and information
models that can have various context information and can be found in multiple levels.
The MO&C domain and the MOM domain include only activities and information flows and do not
include actual data. This document specifies the data for EPE and does not describe either the activities
that generate actual data (e.g. data acquisition) or how the information is transferred among activities
and levels. The shapes illustrating information flows and activities in Figure 3 are marked up with grey
for the purpose of emphasizing that those specific topics are out of the scope of this document.
5.2.2 Actual data located in Level 2
Level 2 receives and contains actual data from Level 1 (the transfer of actual data from Level 1 to Level 2
is not depicted in Figure 3 because the data transfer activity is not in the scope of this document).
The MO&C executes the transfer of actual data and context information among levels. The MO&C can,
for example, transfer actual data from Level 2 to Level 3 for storage purposes.
Actual data from Level 1 located in Level 2 can be selected for processing and transfer by the MO&C
without further processing in Level 2. Alternatively, context information can be added within Level 2 to
the actual data from Level 1, either in the same data or information model as received from Level 1 or in
a new data or information model.
Level 2 contains also actual data generated by activities prescribed by the MO&C in Level 2. MO&C
activities can process one or multiple actual data from Levels 1, 2 and 3 (e.g. calculating power
consumption by multiplying the current consumed measured in Level 1 with the value of the line
voltage measured at an earlier time in Level 1 and stored for later use in Level 3).
5.2.3 Actual data located in Level 3
Level 2 actual data might be required for processing by activities that are included in Level 3.
NOTE It is common for a manufacturing system to have only a limited number of power meters for measuring
the energy consumption of individual pieces of equipment. Consequently, it is common to derive the energy
consumption of a piece of equipment from the power line energy consumption (whose value is stored in Level 3)
and the measured energy consumption (actual data located in Level 2) of the other pieces of equipment that use
same power line as the energy source.
The MO&C activities store selected actual data from Level 2 in Level 3 (e.g. in a historian database). The
data stored in Level 3 can be used on a later date for performing an EPE of the manufacturing system.
The Level 3 associates actual data from Level 2 with various context information originated in Levels 0,
1, 2, 3 and 4 in structured documents generated by MO&C activities (e.g. production report, test
reports). Those documents, in printed or electronic format, constitute possible sources of actual data
available in Level 3.
The historian database and the reports located in Level 3 contain also context information that can be
included in Level 2 and Level 4 data and information models.
KPIs reported to Level 3 or calculated in Level 3 can also contain actual data in their model structure
(see Annex C).
5.2.4 Actual data located in Level 4
Actual data available for processing in Level 4 are contained in structured information models
commonly used by enterprise resource planning (ERP) or manufacturing resource planning (MRP) (e.g.
IEC 62264 information models). KPIs reported to Level 4 or calculated in Level 4 can also contain actual
data in their model structure (see Annex C).
5.2.5 Selecting the source of actual data
Figure 3 illustrates the multiple choices available for selecting the source of actual data. A measured
data value can be available and accessible in multiple levels and in various data and information models.
Moreover, a specific data model containing the same actual data can be located also in multiple levels
while having different amount of context information added in the model.
Figure 3 — Locations with actual data
Selection of the source for actual data may depend on:
— the availability of the data (the degree of automation);
— the availability of standardized data and energy models in the manufacturing system;
— the accuracy required by the EPE;
— the granularity required by the EPE;
— the scope of the EPE (e.g. evaluating the energy performance improvement by using the energy use
state modes (see Annex G);
— the duration and the frequency of the EPE;
— the cost of storing actual data;
— the availability of actual data.
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

The actual data in Level 2 have the highest degree of granularity and resolution among the types of
available actual data. The actual data contained in the Level 3 historian database have a high content
of operation context information over a longer period of time than the actual data in Level 2. The
actual data located in Level 4 (e.g. actual data contained in IEC 62264-2 information models) contain
information relevant for management and decision making at the enterprise level (e.g. specifying the
energy policy).
Data models are generated and configured as prescribed by standards addressing the resource
management and communication protocols. It is relevant for the EPE to make use of those data and
information models that exist in the manufacturing system.
5.3 Actual data in operation step
5.3.1 Overview
The actual data can be further sorted in four categories as follows:
— Energy actual data: This type of data requires frequent measurements and intense post-processing.
NOTE 1 Energy data can trigger Level 2 and Level 3 operation control commands and can be used to
capture unscheduled operation changes occurring in Level 0. Data models (see Clause A.1) are means to
increase the granularity of energy data at high resolution. Information models (see Clause A.2) are means to
increase the granularity of energy data at medium resolution.
NOTE 2 Energy data are described in 5.3.5.
— Material actual data: This type of data are generated by measurement and counting and are mainly
used in conjunction with upstream and reference data (e.g. the number of purchased components
is counted and thereafter multiplied with the mass of each component as recorded in upstream
data). This type of data requires less post-processing and the material usage balance can be easily
verified.
NOTE 3 Material actual data are further described in 5.3.6.
— Manufacturing operations and process actual data.
NOTE 4 Manufacturing operations actual data and process actual data include context information such
as status description (e.g. stand-by, sleep) and the description of perturbations in the process schedule
induced by control commands operation alerts;
NOTE 5 Manufacturing operations actual data and process actual data are further described in 5.3.7.
— Environmental actual data: This type of data includes states and changes in the surrounding
environment parameters that might not be controllable by the manufacturing system.
NOTE 6 Real time measurement of environmental actual data can be critical when the manufacturing
process includes thermal or chemical processes. Demand response data exchanged with the smart grid are
also a type of environmental actual data.
NOTE 7 Weather can be considered as an environmental data, unless the manufacturing system
boundaries are factored into a controlled environment, such as an air conditioned manufacturing facility.
NOTE 8 Environmental data are further described in 5.3.8.
The four categories of environmental data listed above can be used by inter-related optimization
functions that can have, at times, objectives conflicting with the objective of minimizing the energy
consumption. Variances in the manufacturing process or demand response transactions may negatively
affect the planned energy efficiency.
A relevant difference among the four categories of actual data consists in the quantity of measured data
needed for the EPE. The energy data requires the largest amount of measurements among these four
categories of actual data. The energy data is described in more details in 5.3.3.
5.3.2 Requirements for actual data in operation step
The actual data in operations step shall be associated with context information describing:
a) actual data source;
b) actual data timing.
The actual data source is a key piece of context information for aggregating the EPE data along the
hierarchy of a manufacturing system. The actual data source selection determines the granularity of
the actual data and information models.
The actual data timing is the key piece of context information for determining whether the actual data
describes:
— the operations of the manufacturing equipment performing value adding functions in actual
product; or
— The operations that support the functionality of the manufacturing equipment.
The actual data timing determines also the resolution of the actual data and information models.
5.3.3 Accessibility of actual data for EPE
Actual data is not commonly available in a manufacturing system in a data or information model
structure that contains the exact piece of context information needed for executing the allocation and
1)
aggregation processes that will be described in ISO 20140-3 and executing until completion an EPE.
This document classifies actual data and provides examples on how actual data are generated, how
actual data are successively associated with context information, and how the actual data is transferred
among various location in the manufacturing system.
This document describes where and when actual data and the related context information needed
for the allocation and aggregation process that will be described in ISO 20140-3 are available in the
manufacturing system during the manufacturing process. The actual data and the context information
needed by the allocation and aggregation process that will be described in ISO 20140-3 may not be
available at the same moment in time and location in the manufacturing system.
EXAMPLE Relevant context information (e.g. the energy source is solar energy) is available in Level 3 but
the associated actual data are not available for processing (e.g. the actual data are being measured and used for
operation control of equipment in Level 1 but are not being reported and stored for further processing).
This document indicates the various locations where the data and context information is accessible
in the manufacturing system at various times during the manufacturing process. The availability of
the actual data and of the context information is constrained by the cost of investment in automation,
data acquisition and data storage. While actual data and context information needed by allocation and
aggregation process that will be described in ISO 20140-3 may be available in a manufacturing system,
accessing the actual data and context information may be curtailed by the need for dedicated software
and hardware for the purpose of collecting that actual data and context information.
5.3.4 Representation of environmental performance by actual data
2)
ISO 20140-2 will specify how to represent the environmental performance.
1) Under preparation.
2) Under preparation.
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

There are two commonly used options to represent environmental performances by using the Level 3
production tracking activity defined in IEC 62264-3:
— representing environmental performances of the manufacturing system during a specified time
period;
— representing environmental performances while producing a specified amount of a certain product.
Activities in Level 3 can merge and split production tracking data contained in IEC 62264-2 information
models for representing environmental performances in either of the two ways listed in this subclause.
The energy consumption can be measured for a single piece of equipment or it can total the energy
consumption of an entire assembly line. Additionally, equipment and devices capable to exchange
advanced energy data models, can further itemize the description of the energy consumption.
Equipment and devices capable to exchange energy data models could report in data models the actual
energy data (e.g. energy consumption) for each step in the process operation. Equipment and devices
capable to exchange energy data models (e.g. a drill machine) could also report calculate and provide
aggregated data by using a process that will be specified in ISO 20140-3.
The use case presented in Annex D provides an example of measuring and processing energy data
at different levels within the role based hierarchy of a manufacturing system. The total energy
consumption is measured by different methods at equipment, area, or plant level for the purpose
of performing energy balance with various degrees of accuracy. The use case presented in Annex D
shows how to calculate and report the total energy consumption as well as itemized types of energy
consumption (e.g. gas, steam). The use case presented in Annex D can also be used to itemize the direct
and indirect energy consumption if the equipment and devices are enabled for using energy data models
[e.g. Open DeviceNet Vendor (ODVA) (see Reference [32]), Serial Real-Time Communication System
3)
(SERCOS) ] that can make distinction between direct and indirect energy consumption.
NOTE 1 In the context of the energy consumption itemization described in Annex D, the term direct energy
consumption is the energy consumed by a manufacturing equipment while performing value-adding functions in
actual product production mode of the manufacturing equipment.
NOTE 2 In the context of the energy consumption itemization described in Annex D, the term indirect energy
consumption is the energy consumed by a manufacturing equipment while performing functions to support its
direct operation.
NOTE 3 The term “direct operation” is defined in ISO 20140-1.
5.3.5 Actual energy data
Subclause 5.2 describes the existence of multiple options that will be available to ISO 20140-3 and
4)
ISO 20140-4 for collecting actual energy data. Energy data are available for EPE at different levels and
in a variety of data and information models. A list of non-inclusive criteria for determining the source
of actual data is included in 5.2.
Figure 4 illustrates locations in Levels 2, 3 and 4 where actual energy data are available for the EPE.
The arrows suggesting the data transfer are marked up with grey colour to emphasize that the actual
transfer of data is out of the scope of this document. The “Measured data” block also in Level 1 is marked
up with grey colour because the activities performed in Level 1 and the data existing in Level 1 are
outside the scope of this document.
3) ODVA and SERCOS are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is given for
the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.
4) Under preparation.
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