ISO 5476:2023
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and simulation training systems for lifesaving appliances and arrangements
Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and simulation training systems for lifesaving appliances and arrangements
This document provides general provisions and minimum criteria for using virtual reality and simulator equipment and systems instead of live training and drills with lifesaving appliances and arrangements, such as those required by SOLAS and MODU Code. This document is not intended to provide a generic training programme for the purposes of meeting International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requirements. This document serves to support the use of training devices (TD) onboard vessels that can deliver training and drills required by regulation, as well as additional non-obligatory training to crew. It is understood that training devices described in this document are used as an alternative to actual participation with and operations of lifesaving appliances (LSA) products during drills to meet mandatory training requirements.
Navires et technologie maritime — Systèmes de formation en réalité virtuelle et en simulation pour engins et dispositifs de sauvetage
Le présent document fournit des dispositions générales et des critères minimaux applicables lorsque l'utilisation d'équipements et de systèmes de réalité virtuelle et de simulation remplace la formation et les exercices grandeur nature avec des engins et dispositifs de sauvetage tels que ceux qui font l'objet de prescriptions conformément à la convention SOLAS et au code MODU. Ce document n'a pas pour objet de fournir un programme de formation générique destiné à respecter les prescriptions de la Convention internationale sur les normes de formation des gens de mer, de délivrance des brevets et de veille (STCW). Il sert à promouvoir l'utilisation de dispositifs de formation (DF) à bord des navires qui peuvent dispenser la formation et organiser les exercices exigés par la réglementation, ainsi que des formations supplémentaires, facultatives, à destination de l'équipage. Il est entendu que les dispositifs de formation décrits dans le présent document sont utilisés comme solution de remplacement à la participation effective aux exercices et à la mise en œuvre d’engins de sauvetage pendant ces mêmes exercices afin de répondre aux exigences de formation obligatoire.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5476
First edition
2023-02
Ships and marine technology —
Virtual reality and simulation training
systems for lifesaving appliances and
arrangements
Navires et technologie maritime — Systèmes de formation en réalité
virtuelle et en simulation pour engins et dispositifs de sauvetage
Reference number
ISO 5476:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Design . 3
5 Safety . 3
6 General requirements of the TD .3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 TD administration mode . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 TD maintenance administration mode . 5
6.2.3 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD . 5
6.2.4 Technical assessment of a TD vs a real LSA product . 5
6.2.5 Functionality and competence compliance verification . 5
7 Training with TD systems . .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Categories of simulation system training . 6
7.2.1 General . 6
7.2.2 Category 1: Familiarization training . 6
7.2.3 Category 2: Technical training . 6
7.2.4 Category 3: Operational training . 7
7.2.5 Category 4: Incident training . 7
7.3 Characteristics of the TD environment . 7
7.3.1 Physical realism . 7
7.3.2 Behavioural realism . 8
7.3.3 Operating environment . 8
7.3.4 Sensory cues . 8
7.3.5 Grades of realism . 8
Annex A (informative) Training device certificate .15
Bibliography .16
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and Marine Technology,
Subcommittee SC 1, Maritime safety.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
Introduction
This document provides the criteria for how virtual reality (VR) and simulator technologies can support
training and maintenance of lifesaving appliances such as those required by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 (SOLAS 74), Chapter III.
The use of VR and simulator technology is already a mainstay in many traditional maritime schools
for bridge management and navigation, and the market is growing for this type of training specific
to lifesaving appliances (LSA) installed onboard vessels, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and
offshore installations. Through interactions with the virtual world, students develop knowledge, skills,
and attitudes related to a wide array of competencies.
This document supports the VR and simulator equipment used in training and drills for operators
and maintainers of LSA, where “live” training with the LSA is limited or restricted due to operational
factors, company policies, inclement weather, sea-state, operating schedules and port restrictions. This
is particularly advantageous for the mariners undergoing pre-arrival training to their next assignment
as well as for onboard survival craft and associated appliances and arrangements such as free-fall
lifeboats and davit-launched liferafts that are traditionally limited in their “live” training usage.
Additionally, LSA that are technologically advanced and novel may not be practicable for both live
training and traditional deployment frequencies. Due to the nature of such alternative designs and
arrangements, the need for VR and simulator training equipment for these types of LSA is particularly
valuable to provide the necessary, consistent training frequency and familiarity for the mariners who
operate them.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5476:2023(E)
Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and
simulation training systems for lifesaving appliances and
arrangements
1 Scope
This document provides general provisions and minimum criteria for using virtual reality and simulator
equipment and systems instead of live training and drills with lifesaving appliances and arrangements,
such as those required by SOLAS and MODU Code. This document is not intended to provide a generic
training programme for the purposes of meeting International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requirements.
This document serves to support the use of training devices (TD) onboard vessels that can deliver
training and drills required by regulation, as well as additional non-obligatory training to crew. It
is understood that training devices described in this document are used as an alternative to actual
participation with and operations of lifesaving appliances (LSA) products during drills to meet
mandatory training requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code [Resolution MSC.48(66)], International Maritime
Organization, as amended
International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) [Resolution A.741(18)], International Maritime
Organization, 1993, as amended
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in, SOLAS III, the IMO LSA Code and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
augmented reality
AR
interactive experience of a real-world environment whereby the objects that reside in the real world
are augmented by computer-generated perceptual information
3.2
behavioural realism
ability of the training devices (3.6) to replicate the functional characteristics of the lifesaving equipment
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
3.3
degree of freedom
measurement of motion of an object in space when constrained by fingers with or without considering
friction forces at contact points
3.4
fidelity
degree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real-world object or the
perception of a real-world object, feature, condition, or chosen standard in a measurable or perceivable
manner
3.5
haptic
input or output device that senses the body’s movements by means of physical contact with the user
Note 1 to entry: This includes any technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations,
or motions to the user, e.g. providing a “sense of touch” (the sense felt by humans upon touching an object).
3.6
training device
TD
replica of a lifesaving equipment’s instruments, equipment, panels, and controls in an open area, an
enclosed replica, augmented reality environment, or virtual reality environment
Note 1 to entry: It includes the equipment and computer hardware, firmware, and software necessary to represent
some or all of the full range of operations of the actual lifesaving equipment in a simulated environment.
3.7
maintenance
activities, excluding repairs, requiring disassembly of equipment, or any other activities outside the
scope of the instructions for onboard maintenance and for emergency repair of life-saving appliances
Note 1 to entry: These activities shall be prepared in accordance with SOLAS 1974 regulations, Chapter III/36.2
and III/35.3.18, respectively.
3.8
multiphysics simulation
simultaneous simulation of different aspects of a physical system
Note 1 to entry: This includes the mathematical models used by the training device (3.6)/simulator to replicate
the performance of shipboard equipment and systems.
3.9
operating environment
virtual environment simulating the actual environment and conditions in which the lifesaving appliance
would be operated
3.10
physical realism
ability of the training device (3.6) to replicate the physical appearance of the lifesaving equipment
3.11
positive learning transfer
application of the knowledge and skills acquired from using the training device (3.6), whereby the user
of the training device can demonstrate increased performance when using the lifesaving equipment
3.12
sensory cue
features of the training device (3.6) that can stimulate the senses of the user
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
3.13
simulation
use of a similar or equivalent system to imitate a real system, so that it behaves like or appears to be the
real system
3.14
virtual reality
VR
artificial environment presented in the computer
4 Design
The TD shall be “fit for purpose” by applying the necessary physical equipment, equipment control
realism, behavioural realism, fidelity, and operating environment realism to achieve the desired
category of learning.
The TD manufacturer shall determine the appropriate training categories of the device and LSA
applications to demonstrate that the system has sufficient realism to produce the positive learning
transfer desired.
5 Safety
Regardless of the category of training, the training setup may include simulating the real environment
including the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR), physical or virtual controls, motion
platforms or any moving training equipment. It is important that the trainee can safely train in the
training setup even when the trainee performs the wrong action or gets disoriented. Safety measures
shall be in place to ensure trainees cannot get physically hurt during training.
6 General requirements of the TD
6.1 General
A TD shall address the following:
a) the TD shall have a unique identifier (i.e. name, model number);
b) training category or categories provided by the TD shall be clearly stated;
c) TD configuration;
d) TD software name and version;
e) equipment operation;
f) equipment and facilities for instructor/evaluator functions when included in the TD;
g) motion system, if applicable, e.g. number of degrees of freedom;
h) visual system;
i) sound system, if applicable;
j) power requirements;
k) internet connectivity requirements to include using the TD, evaluating results, and recording
training, etc;
l) Recording or other record keeping of the training performed. If electronic record keeping is used,
it shall provide for the preservation and retrieval of information with appropriate security or
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
controls to prevent the inappropriate alteration of such records after the fact. See DNVGL -ST -0033:
2017, 2.2.1.4 for an example.
Records of drills and training shall be stored in logs and generated automatically from the TD at the
completion of each session. Records shall include at a minimum:
1) TD unique identifier;
2) start and completion date and time of the drill, muster, or training session;
3) LSA used in the drills;
4) identification of crewmembers participating in drills or training sessions;
5) subject of the onboard training or drill session:
— EXAMPLE 1: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat lowering, full drill,
— EXAMPLE 2: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat preparation, part of the full drill,
— EXAMPLE 3: Abandon ship drill, liferaft davit operation, full drill;
6) the role/assigned duty to which the drill or session corresponds (i.e. lifeboat muster or boat crew);
and
7) optionally, the TD can manually record any feedback by the participant, trainer, supervisor or
assessor.
When a TD shall be used for additional non-regulatory training onboard, more records may be stored
such as:
— assessment score, and
— fail/pass result;
m) Where a TD requires training area and space to deploy, an installation and deployment manual
shall be supplied. This includes installation requirements, the TD layout and training area space
layout, and required space, weight, and force to the floor;
n) operation and maintenance manual.
6.2 TD administration mode
6.2.1 General
The TD shall have an administration mode that allows the designer/instructor to create or modify a
training scenario. It also allows the designer/instructor to administrate the access of the systems and
other parameters required to manage the training.
The following functions shall be provided:
a) launch of a training scenario;
b) stop of a training scenario (this function should be accessible to trainers and trainees);
c) use of communications between the instructor/administrator and the trainee or trainees;
d) how to use the simulator;
e) retake the last training scenario;
f) training scenario log; and
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ISO 5476:2023(E)
g) assessment report.
The following functions shall be optional:
h) replay the last training scenario; and
i) replay a stored training scenario.
6.2.2 TD maintenance administration mode
The TD shall have a maintenance administration mode that allows the users to monitor the performance
of the simulator system including the states of the simulator equipment and review simulator logs.
It also allows for remote maintenance functions, software and training scenario updates by local or
remote means.
6.2.3 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD
The maintenance and updating method of the TD software and hardware shall be defined by the
manufacturer with a reference in the maintenance manual, including:
a) spare parts;
b) periodic replacement parts;
c) inspection items;
d) methods, interval, instruments and tools for each inspection item;
e) internet connectivity and computer support requirements.
6.2.4 Technical assessment of a TD vs a real LSA product
The TD maker seeking an approval (see Annex A) to replicate a specific product (make and type,
series or model) shall receive a technical assessment comparing the system to the exact LSA product.
That technical assessment should be evaluated by a third party (e.g. classification society member),
irrespective of whether the LSA maker (original equipment manufacturer) is in business or no longer in
business. The focus of this assessment shall be on objectives affecting training and drill requirements
and no other technical similarities. The systems or components listed below shall be given particular
attention in category 2 and category 3 TDs (see 7.2.3 and 7.2.4):
a) release gears;
b) marine evacua
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 5476
Première édition
2023-02
Navires et technologie maritime —
Systèmes de formation en réalité
virtuelle et en simulation pour engins
et dispositifs de sauvetage
Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and simulation
training systems for lifesaving appliances and arrangements
Numéro de référence
ISO 5476:2023(F)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Conception .3
5 Sécurité . 3
6 Exigences générales relatives au dispositif de formation . 3
6.1 Généralités . 3
6.2 Mode d'administration du dispositif de formation . 5
6.2.1 Généralités . 5
6.2.2 Mode d'administration de la maintenance du dispositif de formation . 5
6.2.3 Maintenance et améliorations du dispositif de formation . 5
6.2.4 Évaluation technique d’un dispositif de formation par rapport à un produit
de type «engin de sauvetage» réel . 6
6.2.5 Vérification de la conformité en matière de fonctionnalités et de
compétences . 6
7 Formation avec des systèmes de dispositifs de formation . 6
7.1 Généralités . 6
7.2 Catégories de formation d'un système de simulation . 7
7.2.1 Généralités . 7
7.2.2 Catégorie 1: formation de familiarisation . 7
7.2.3 Catégorie 2: formation technique . 7
7.2.4 Catégorie 3: formation opérationnelle . 8
7.2.5 Catégorie 4: formation aux incidents . 8
7.3 Caractéristiques de l'environnement du dispositif de formation . 8
7.3.1 Réalisme physique . 8
7.3.2 Réalisme comportemental . 9
7.3.3 Environnement opérationnel . 9
7.3.4 Signaux sensoriels . 9
7.3.5 Degrés de réalisme . 9
Annexe A (informative) Certificat de dispositif de formation .17
Bibliographie .18
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 8, Navires et technologie maritime,
sous-comité SC 1, Sécurité maritime.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
Introduction
Le présent document fournit les critères permettant d'évaluer ce en quoi les techniques de réalité
virtuelle (RV) et de simulation contribuent à la formation et à l'entretien concernant les engins de
sauvetage tels que ceux qui font l'objet de prescriptions relatives aux dits engins au chapitre III de la
Convention internationale de 1974 pour la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer (SOLAS 74), établie par
l'Organisation maritime internationale (OMI).
De nombreuses écoles maritimes classiques ont déjà abondamment recours à des techniques de réalité
virtuelle et de simulation en matière de gestion des ponts et de navigation sous les ponts, le marché
se développant également pour ce type de formations spécifiques des engins de sauvetage (LSA, pour
«lifesaving appliances») installés à bord des navires, des unités mobiles de forage en mer (MODU, pour
«mobile offshore drilling unit») et des installations offshore. Au travers d'interactions avec le monde
virtuel, les étudiants développent des connaissances, des savoir-faire et des attitudes en lien avec un
large éventail de compétences.
Le présent document vient à l'appui des équipements de réalité virtuelle et de simulation utilisés
pour la formation et les exercices destinés aux opérateurs et aux agents d’entretien des engins de
sauvetage lorsque la formation «grandeur nature» avec ces engins est confrontée à des limites ou à des
restrictions pour des raisons liées à des facteurs opérationnels, des compagnies d’assurance, une météo
défavorable, l’état de la mer, des programmes opérationnels et des restrictions portuaires. Cela se révèle
particulièrement avantageux pour les marins qui se voient dispenser une formation préalablement à
leur prochaine mission; cela l'est également dans le cas des embarcations de survie à bord et des engins
et dispositifs associés, tels que les embarcations de sauvetage à chute libre et les radeaux de sauvetage
sous bossoirs, dont l’utilisation à des fins de formation «grandeur nature» est normalement limitée.
De plus, les engins de sauvetage issus de technologies avancées et innovantes peuvent ne pas être
adaptés à la formation grandeur nature et aux fréquences de déploiement traditionnellement requises.
Ces modèles et dispositifs d'une autre nature font du recours aux équipements de formation en réalité
virtuelle et en simulation pour ce type d'engins de sauvetage un moyen particulièrement appréciable
pour assurer la fréquence et la régularité de formation ainsi que la bonne connaissance du matériel,
nécessaires pour les marins qui les feront fonctionner.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 5476:2023(F)
Navires et technologie maritime — Systèmes de formation
en réalité virtuelle et en simulation pour engins et
dispositifs de sauvetage
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document fournit des dispositions générales et des critères minimaux applicables lorsque
l'utilisation d'équipements et de systèmes de réalité virtuelle et de simulation remplace la formation
et les exercices grandeur nature avec des engins et dispositifs de sauvetage tels que ceux qui font
l'objet de prescriptions conformément à la convention SOLAS et au code MODU. Ce document n'a pas
pour objet de fournir un programme de formation générique destiné à respecter les prescriptions de la
Convention internationale sur les normes de formation des gens de mer, de délivrance des brevets et de
veille (STCW).
Il sert à promouvoir l'utilisation de dispositifs de formation (DF) à bord des navires qui peuvent
dispenser la formation et organiser les exercices exigés par la réglementation, ainsi que des formations
supplémentaires, facultatives, à destination de l'équipage. Il est entendu que les dispositifs de formation
décrits dans le présent document sont utilisés comme solution de remplacement à la participation
effective aux exercices et à la mise en œuvre d’engins de sauvetage pendant ces mêmes exercices afin de
répondre aux exigences de formation obligatoire.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
Code international des engins de sauvetage (LSA) [résolution MSC.48(66)], Organisation maritime
internationale, amendé (International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code [Resolution MSC.48(66)],
International Maritime Organization, as amended)
Code international de gestion de la sécurité (code ISM) [résolution A.741(18)], Organisation maritime
internationale, 1993, amendé (International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) [Resolution A.741(18)],
International Maritime Organization, 1993, as amended)
Convention internationale de 1974 pour la sauvegarde de la vie humaine en mer (SOLAS 1974), amendée
(International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended)
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions de la convention SOLAS, chapitre III, et
du code LSA de l’OMI, ainsi que les suivants s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
3.1
réalité augmentée
RA
expérience interactive d'un environnement du monde réel dans laquelle les objets présents dans le
monde réel sont augmentés par des informations perceptuelles générées par ordinateur
3.2
réalisme comportemental
capacité des dispositifs de formation (3.6) à reproduire les caractéristiques fonctionnelles des
équipements de sauvetage
3.3
degrés de liberté
mesure du mouvement d'un objet dans l'espace lorsqu'il est contraint par des doigts, en considérant ou
non les forces de frottement aux points de contact
3.4
fidélité
degré auquel un modèle ou une simulation reproduit, de manière mesurable ou perceptible, l'état et
le comportement d'un objet du monde réel ou la perception d'un objet, d'une caractéristique, d'une
condition ou d'une référence choisie appartenant au monde réel
3.5
haptique
dispositif d'entrée ou de sortie qui détecte les mouvements du corps par contact physique avec
l'utilisateur
Note 1 à l'article: Ce terme concerne toute technologie permettant de créer une expérience tactile par l'application
de forces, de vibrations ou de mouvements à l'utilisateur, par exemple, en procurant une «sensation tactile» (la
sensation éprouvée par un humain lorsqu'il touche un objet).
3.6
dispositif de formation
DF
reproduction des instruments d'un engin de sauvetage, de matériel, de panneaux et de commandes
dans une zone ouverte, une reproduction d'un environnement fermé, un environnement de réalité
augmentée ou un environnement de réalité virtuelle
Note 1 à l'article: Cette reproduction comprend l'équipement et le matériel informatique, les micrologiciels et
les logiciels nécessaires pour représenter une partie ou la totalité de la gamme complète des opérations de
l'équipement de sauvetage réel dans un environnement simulé.
3.7
entretien
ensemble des activités pouvant nécessiter le démontage des équipements, à l’exclusion des réparations
et de toute autre opération ne relevant pas du champ d'application des instructions relatives à l'entretien
à bord et à la réparation d'urgence des engins de sauvetage
Note 1 à l'article: Ces activités doivent être réalisées conformément aux règles III/36.2 et III/35.3.18,
respectivement, de la convention SOLAS 1974.
3.8
simulation multiphysique
simulation simultanée de différents aspects d’un système physique
Note 1 à l'article: Cette simulation inclut les modèles mathématiques utilisés par le dispositif de formation (3.6)/
simulateur pour reproduire les performances des équipements et des systèmes de bord.
3.9
environnement opérationnel
environnement virtuel simulant les conditions et l'environnement réels dans lesquels les engins de
sauvetage fonctionneraient
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
3.10
réalisme physique
capacité du dispositif de formation (3.6) à reproduire à reproduire l’aspect physique des équipements de
sauvetage
3.11
transfert d'apprentissage positif
application des connaissances et des savoir-faire acquis en utilisant le dispositif de formation (3.6),
permettant à l’utilisateur du dispositif de formation de faire preuve d’une plus grande efficacité lors de
l’utilisation des équipements de sauvetage
3.12
signaux sensoriels
caractéristiques du dispositif de formation (3.6) pouvant stimuler les sens de l’utilisateur
3.13
simulation
utilisation d'un système similaire ou équivalent pour imiter un système réel de sorte que le premier
système se comporte comme le système réel ou donne l'impression d'être le système réel
3.14
réalité virtuelle
RV
environnement artificiel présenté dans l'ordinateur
4 Conception
Le dispositif de formation doit être «adapté à l'usage prévu»; il doit pour ce faire restituer le réalisme
des équipements physiques et de leurs commandes, le réalisme comportemental, la fidélité et le réalisme
de l'environnement opérationnel nécessaires pour parvenir à la catégorie d'apprentissage voulue.
Le fabricant du dispositif de formation doit déterminer les catégories de formation appropriées du
dispositif et des applications associées aux engins de sauvetage afin de démontrer que le système
restitue un réalisme suffisant pour produire le transfert d'apprentissage positif souhaité.
5 Sécurité
Quelle que soit la catégorie de formation, le système de formation peut comprendre la simulation de
l'environnement réel, y compris l'utilisation de la réalité virtuelle (VR) ou de la réalité augmentée (RA),
de commandes physiques ou virtuelles, de plateformes mobiles ou de tout équipement de formation
mobile. Il est important que la personne formée puisse se former en toute sécurité dans le système de
formation même lorsqu'elle n'exécute pas la bonne action ou est désorientée. Des mesures de sécurité
doivent être instaurées pour garantir que la personne formée ne peut pas se blesser physiquement
pendant la formation.
6 Exigences générales relatives au dispositif de formation
6.1 Généralités
La liste qui suit énumère les informations qui doivent impérativement accompagner un dispositif de
formation:
a) un identifiant unique (c'est-à-dire nom, numéro de modèle);
b) la ou les catégories de formation proposées par le dispositif de formation doivent être clairement
mentionnées;
c) la configuration du dispositif de formation;
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
d) le nom et la version du logiciel utilisé avec le dispositif de formation;
e) le fonctionnement des équipements;
f) l'équipement et les moyens prévus pour les fonctions d'instruction/évaluation, si le dispositif de
formation en est équipé;
g) le système de mouvement, le cas échéant, par exemple, le nombre de degrés de liberté;
h) le système de visualisation;
i) le système de sonorisation, le cas échéant;
j) la puissance requise;
k) les besoins en matière de connectivité à internet concernant l'utilisation du dispositif de formation,
l'évaluation des résultats, l'enregistrement de la formation, etc.;
l) le mode d'enregistrement de la formation réalisée ou de conservation des données relatives à
celle-ci. En cas d'enregistrement électronique des données, celui-ci doit garantir la conservation
et la récupération des informations par des moyens de sécurité ou de contrôle appropriés afin
d'empêcher que ces enregistrements ne soient malencontreusement modifiés par la suite. Voir par
e xemple DN VGL -S T - 0 033: 2017, 2 . 2 .1.4 .
Les enregistrements des exercices et de la formation doivent être conservés dans des registres et
doivent être générés automatiquement par le dispositif de formation à la fin de chaque session. Les
enregistrements doivent comprendre, au minimum:
1) l'identifiant unique du dispositif de formation;
2) la date de l'exercice, du rassemblement ou de la session de formation ainsi que l'heure de début et
l'heure de fin;
3) les engins de sauvetage utilisés lors des exercices;
4) l'identification des membres d'équipage participant aux exercices ou aux sessions de formation;
5) le thème de la formation à bord ou de la session d'exercices:
— EXEMPLE 1: exercice d'abandon du navire, descente des embarcations de sauvetage, exercice
complet,
— EXEMPLE 2: exercice d'abandon du navire, préparation des embarcations de sauvetage, une partie
de l'exercice complet,
— EXEMPLE 3: exercice d'abandon du navire, fonctionnement des radeaux de sauvetage sous bossoirs,
exercice complet;
6) à quelle fonction/quel poste assigné correspond l'exercice ou la session (c'est-à-dire rassemblement
vers les embarcations de sauvetage ou équipage du navire);
7) facultatif: le dispositif de formation doit permettre l'enregistrement manuel de toute remontée
d'information par le participant, le formateur, le superviseur ou l'évaluateur.
Lorsqu'un dispositif de formation doit être utilisé pour dispenser un supplément de formation non
réglementaire à bord, il est admis de conserver des enregistrements supplémentaires tels que:
— un score d'évaluation; et
— un résultat: échec ou réussite;
m) la surface et l'espace de formation requis pour le déploiement du dispositif de formation, exposés
dans un manuel d'installation et de déploiement; celui-ci doit indiquer les besoins relatifs à
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
l'installation, l'agencement du dispositif de formation et l'aménagement de la zone de formation
ainsi que l'espace requis, la masse et la force exercée sur le sol;
n) un manuel d'utilisation et de maintenance.
6.2 Mode d'administration du dispositif de formation
6.2.1 Généralités
Le mode d'administration du dispositif de formation doit permettre au concepteur/à l'instructeur
de créer ou de modifier un scénario de formation. Il permet également au concepteur/à l'instructeur
d'administrer l'accès aux systèmes ainsi qu'à d'autres paramètres nécessaires à la gestion de la
formation.
Les fonctions suivantes doivent être intégrées:
a) lancement d'un scénario de formation;
b) arrêt d'un scénario de formation (il convient que cette fonction soit accessible aux formateurs et
aux personnes formées);
c) utilisation de moyens de communication entre l'instructeur/administrateur et le formateur ou les
personnes formées;
d) mode d'utilisation du simulateur;
e) reprise du dernier scénario de formation;
f) registre du scénario de formation;
g) rapport d'évaluation.
Les fonctions suivantes doivent être facultatives:
h) lecture du dernier scénario de formation;
i) lecture d'un scénario de formation enregistré.
6.2.2 Mode d'administration de la maintenance du dispositif de formation
Le dispositif de formation doit être pourvu d'un mode d'administration de la maintenance permettant
aux utilisateurs de surveiller les performances du système de simulation, y compris les états de
l'équipement de simulation et la revue des registres du simulateur. Ce mode propose également des
fonctions de maintenance à distance, des mises à jours logicielles et des mises à jours des scénarii de
formation en local ou à distance.
6.2.3 Maintenance et améliorations du dispositif de formation
La méthode de maintenance et de mise à jour du logiciel et du matériel constituant le dispositif de
formation doit être définie par le fabricant, le manuel de maintenance devant renvoyer à cette méthode
et indiquer, entre autres:
a) les pièces détachées;
b) les pièces à remplacer périodiquement;
c) les éléments sujets à inspection;
d) les méthodes, l’intervalle, les instruments et les outils à utiliser pour chaque élément sujet à
inspection;
e) les exigences en matière de connectivité à internet et de support informatique.
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ISO 5476:2023(F)
6.2.4 Évaluation technique d’un dispositif de formation par rapport à un produit de type
«engin de sauvetage» réel
Un dispositif de formation dont le concepteur demande l'approbation (voir Annexe A) pour reproduire
un produit spécifique (marque et type, série ou modèle) doit faire l'objet d'une évaluation technique au
cours de laquelle le système est comparé au produit exact de type «engin de sauvetage» concerné. Il
convient que cette évaluation technique soit réalisée par une tierce partie (par exemple, membre d'une
société de classification), que le concepteur de l'engin de sauvetage (fabricant de l'équipement original)
soit toujours en activité ou ne le soit plus. Cette évaluation doit porter plus particulièrement sur les
aspects ayant une incidence au regard des exigences relatives à la formation et aux exercices, et non sur
d'autres similarités techniques. Une attention particulière doit être portée aux systèmes ou composants
énumérés ci-après, concernant les dispositifs de formation des catégories 2 et 3 (voir 7.2.3 et 7.2.4):
a) les dispositifs de largage;
b) le système d'évacuation maritime;
c) les appareils de mise à l'eau;
d) un engin de sauvetage de type nouveau.
6.2.5 Vérification de la conformité en matière de fonctionnalités et de compétences
Avant de demander l'approbation d'un dispositif de formation (voir Annexe A) au motif qu'il répond
aux exigences en matière de formation, une évaluation pratique du dispositif doit être réalisée par une
tierce partie (par exemple, membre d'une société de classification ou administration). Dans le cadre
de l'évaluation qui va appuyer sa demande, le concepteur du dispositif de formation doit établir une
liste des exigences de formation auxquelles le dispositif est censé répondre et présenter des tableaux
montrant les degrés de réalisme pour chaque objectif d'apprentissage; il doit apporter la preuve que
l'utilisation du dispositif de formation permet un transfert d'apprentissage positif.
En cas de modifications des exigences relatives à la formation ou aux exercices ou de changement des
objectifs d'apprentissage, ou encore d'améliorations logicielles ou matérielles apportées à un dispositif
de formation certifié à bord, une nouvelle évaluation doit être réalisée conformément à l'évaluation
technique (voir 6.2.4); il convient qu'un nouveau certificat soit délivré pour le dispositif de formation.
7 Formation avec des systèmes de dispositifs de formation
7.1 Généralités
Le présent document a pour objet de garantir que le dispositif de formation dispense à la personne
formée une formation suffisamment efficace en lieu et place d’une situation d’urgence réelle. Le présent
document définit quatre catégories de formation avec un système de simulation aux fins d'acquisition
de compétences et de savoir-faire spécifiques concernant l'utilisation des engins et dispositifs de
sauvetage à bord d'un navire ou d'une installation, afin de remplir des objectifs bien définis en matière
de formation et d'exercices. Ces catégories ne présentent pas de caractère hiérarchique; elles doivent
être vues comme des applications différentes de la technologie. Un dispositif de formation peut
répondre aux exigences de plusieurs catégories.
Le présent document est destiné aux systèmes qui proposent une réalité virtuelle ou augmentée
associée à un réalisme physique. Les catégories définies dans le présent document ont pour objet
l'augmentation, voire le remplacement, de la formation et des exercices grandeur nature compte tenu de
l'environnement opérationnel réel, prévu ou attendu
...
ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
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Date: 2022-09-3011-21
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ISO TC 8/SC 1/WG 1
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Secretariat: ANSI
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Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and simulation training systems for lifesaving
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appliances and arrangements
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Navires et technologie maritime — Systèmes de formation en réalité virtuelle et en simulation pour engins
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et dispositifs de sauvetage
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ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
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© ISO 2022
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no
part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
ISO’sISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright officeCopyright Office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
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Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
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ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
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Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Design . 3
5 Safety . 3
6 General requirements of the TD . 3
6.1.1 General . 3
6.1.2 TD Administration mode . 4
6.1.3 TD Maintenance Administration mode . 5
6.1.4 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD . 5
6.1.5 Technical Assessment of a TD vs real LSA product . 5
6.1.6 Functionality and Competence Compliance Verification . 6
7 Training with TD systems . 6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Categories of simulation system training . 6
7.2.1 Category 1: Familiarization training . 6
7.2.2 Category 2: Technical training . 7
7.2.3 Category 3: Operational training . 7
7.2.4 Category 4: Incident training . 8
7.3 Characteristics of the TD Environment . 8
7.3.1 Physical Realism . 8
7.3.2 Behavioural Realism . 8
7.3.3 Operating Environment . 9
7.3.4 Sensory Cues . 9
7.3.5 Grades of realism . 9
Annex A (informative) Training Device Certificate . 1
Bibliography . 1
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Design . 9
5 Safety . 9
6 General requirements of the TD . 9
6.1 General . 9
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6.2 TD administration mode . 11
6.2.1 General . 11
6.2.2 TD maintenance administration mode . 11
6.2.3 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD . 11
6.2.4 Technical assessment of a TD vs a real LSA product . 11
6.2.5 Functionality and competence compliance verification . 12
7 Training with TD systems . 12
7.1 General . 12
7.2 Categories of simulation system training . 12
7.2.1 General . 12
7.2.2 Category 1: Familiarization training . 12
7.2.3 Category 2: Technical training . 13
7.2.4 Category 3: Operational training . 13
7.2.5 Category 4: Incident training . 13
7.3 Characteristics of the TD Environment . 14
7.3.1 Physical realism . 14
7.3.2 Behavioural realism . 14
7.3.3 Operating environment . 14
7.3.4 Sensory cues . 15
7.3.5 Grades of realism . 15
Annex A (informative) Training device certificate . 1
Bibliography . 3
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
numbers
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
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Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patentswww.iso.org/patents).
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and Marine Technology,
Subcommittee SC 1, Maritime safety.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction
This document provides the criteria for how virtual reality (VR) and simulator technologies can support
training and maintenance of lifesaving appliances such as those required by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 (SOLAS 74), Chapter III.
The use of VR and simulator technology is already a mainstay in many traditional maritime schools for
bridge management and navigation, and the market is growing for this type of training specific to
lifesaving appliances (LSA) installed onboard vessels, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and
offshore installations. Through interactions with the virtual world, students develop knowledge, skills,
and attitudes related to a wide array of competencies.
This document supports the VR and simulator equipment used in training and drills for operators and
maintainers of LSA, where “live” training with the LSA is limited or restricted due to operational factors,
company policies, inclement weather, sea-state, operating schedules and port restrictions. This is
particularly advantageous for the mariners undergoing pre-arrival training to their next assignment as
well as for onboard survival craft and associated appliances and arrangements such as free-fall lifeboats
and davit-launched liferafts that are traditionally limited in their “live” training usage.
Additionally, LSA that are technologically advanced and novel may not be practicable for both live
training and traditional deployment frequencies. Due to the nature of such alternative designs and
arrangements, the need for VR and simulator training equipment for these types of LSA is particularly
valuable to provide the necessary, consistent training frequency and familiarity for the mariners who
operate them.
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Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and simulation
training systems for lifesaving appliances and arrangements
1 Scope
This document provides general provisions and minimum criteria for using virtual reality and simulator
equipment and systems instead of live training and drills with lifesaving appliances and arrangements,
such as those required by SOLAS and MODU Code. This document is not intended to provide a generic
training programprogramme for the purposes of meeting International Convention on Standards of
Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requirements.
This document serves to support the use of training devices (TD) onboard vessels that can deliver
training and drills required by regulation, as well as additional non-obligatory training to crew. It is
understood that training devices described in this document are used as an alternative to actual
participation with and operations of lifesaving appliances (LSA) products during drills to meet
mandatory training requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code [Resolution MSC.48(66)], International Maritime
Organization, as amended
International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) [Resolution A.741(18)], International Maritime
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Organization, 1993, as amended
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International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amendedTermsamended
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3 Terms and definitions Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in , SOLAS III, the IMO LSA Code and
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the following apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: Kingdom)
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— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left +
3.1
59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left + 119.05
augmented reality
pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left + 178.6 pt,
AR
Left + 198.45 pt, Left
interactive experience of a real-world environment whereby the objects that reside in the real world are
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
augmented by computer-generated perceptual information
Formatted: Font: Cambria, English (United Kingdom)
3.2
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
behavioural realism Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
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ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
ability of the training devices (3.6) to replicate the functional characteristics of the lifesaving equipment
Formatted: cite_sec
3.3
degree of freedom
measurement of motion of an object in space when constrained by fingers with or without considering
friction forces at contact points
3.4
fidelity
degree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real-world object or the
perception of a real-world object, feature, condition, or chosen standard in a measurable or perceivable
manner
3.5
haptic
input or output device that senses the body’s movements by means of physical contact with the user
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Note 1 to entry: This includes any technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces,
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
vibrations, or motions to the user, e.g.,. providing a “sense of touch” (the sense felt by humans upon touching an
numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left +
object).
59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left + 119.05
pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left + 178.6 pt,
3.6
Left + 198.45 pt, Left
training device
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
TD
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
replica of a lifesaving equipment’s instruments, equipment, panels, and controls in an open area, an
numbers
enclosed replica, augmented reality environment, or virtual reality environment
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Note 1 to entry: It includes the equipment and computer hardware, firmware, and software necessary to
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
represent some or all of the full range of operations of the actual lifesaving equipment in a simulated environment.
numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left +
59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left + 119.05
3.7
pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left + 178.6 pt,
maintenance Left + 198.45 pt, Left
activities, excluding repairs, requiring disassembly of equipment, or any other activities outside the scope
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
of the instructions for onboard maintenance and for emergency repair of life-saving appliances
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
Note 1 to entry: These activities shall be prepared in accordance with SOLAS 1974 regulations, Chapter III/36.2
Formatted: Note, Don't adjust space between Latin
and III/35.3.18, respectively.
and Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text
and numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left
3.8
+ 59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left +
multiphysics simulation
119.05 pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left +
simultaneous simulation of different aspects of a physical system
178.6 pt, Left + 198.45 pt, Left
Note 1 to entry: This includes the mathematical models used by the training device (3.6)/simulator to replicate Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
the performance of shipboard equipment and systems
numbers
3.9
Formatted: Note, Don't adjust space between Latin
operating environment
and Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text
virtual environment simulating the actual environment and conditions in which the lifesaving appliance
and numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left
would be operated + 59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left +
119.05 pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left +
3.10 178.6 pt, Left + 198.45 pt, Left
physical realism
Formatted: cite_sec
ability of the training device (3.6) to replicate the physical appearance of the lifesaving equipment
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
3.11
numbers
positive learning transfer
Formatted: cite_sec
8 © ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
application of the knowledge and skills acquired from using the training device (3.6) ,), whereby the user
of the training device can demonstrate increased performance when using the lifesaving equipment Formatted: cite_sec
3.12
sensory cue
features of the training device (3.6) that can stimulate the senses of the user
Formatted: cite_sec
3.13
simulation
use of a similar or equivalent system to imitate a real system, so that it behaves like or appears to be the
real system
3.14
virtual reality
VR
artificial environment presented in the computer
4 Design
The TD shall be “fit for purpose” by applying the necessary physical equipment, equipment control
realism, behavioural realism, fidelity, and operating environment realism to achieve the desired category
of learning.
The TD manufacturer shall determine the appropriate training categories of the device and LSA
applications to demonstrate that the system has sufficient realism to produce the positive learning
transfer desired.
5 Safety
Regardless of the category of training, the training setup may include simulating the real environment
including the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR,), physical or virtual controls, motion
platforms or any moving training equipment. It is important that the trainee can safely train in the
training setup even when the trainee performs the wrong action or gets disoriented. Safety measures
shall be in place to ensure trainees cannot get physically hurt during training.
6 General requirements of the TD
6.1 General
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
A TD shall address the following:
numbers, Tab stops: 20 pt, Left
a) the TD shall have a unique identifier (i.e.,. name, model number); Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
b) training category or categories provided by the TD shall be clearly stated;
Formatted: List Number 1, Don't adjust space between
c) TD configuration;
Latin and Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian
text and numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt,
d) TD software name and version;
Left + 59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left +
119.05 pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left +
e) equipment operation;
178.6 pt, Left + 198.45 pt, Left
f) equipment and facilities for instructor/evaluator functions when included in the TD;
g) motion system, if applicable, e.g. number of degrees of freedom;
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ISO/DIS 5476:2022(E)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
h) visual system;
i) sound system, if applicable;
j) power requirements;
k) internet connectivity requirements to include using the TD, evaluating results, and recording
training, etc;
l) recording Recording or other record keeping of the training performed. If electronic record keeping is
used, it shall provide for the preservation and retrieval of information with appropriate security or
controls to prevent the inappropriate alteration of such records after the fact. See DNVGL-ST-
0033:2017, 2.2.1.4 for an example.
Records of drills and training shall be stored in logs and shall be generated automatically from the TD at
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
the completion of each session. Records shall include at a minimum: Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
1) TD device unique identifier;
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
2) start and completion date and time of the drill, muster, or training session;
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
3) LSA used in the drills;
numbers, Tab stops: 19.85 pt, Left + 39.7 pt, Left +
59.55 pt, Left + 79.4 pt, Left + 99.25 pt, Left + 119.05
4) identification of crewmembers participating in drills or training sessions;
pt, Left + 138.9 pt, Left + 158.75 pt, Left + 178.6 pt,
Left + 198.45 pt, Left
5) subject of the onboard training or drill session
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
— EXAMPLE 1: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat lowering, full drill.
— EXAMPLE 2: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat preparation, part of the full drill.
— EXAMPLE 3: Abandon ship drill, liferaft davit operation, full drill.
6) the role/assigned duty to which the drill or session corresponds (i.e. lifeboat muster or boat crew);
and
7) optionally, the TD can manually record any feedback by the participant, trainer, supervisor or
assessor.
When a TD shall be used for additional non-regulatory training onboard, more records may be stored
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and
such as:
Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5476
First edition
Ships and marine technology —
Virtual reality and simulation training
systems for lifesaving appliances and
arrangements
Navires et technologie maritime — Systèmes de formation en réalité
virtuelle et en simulation pour engins et dispositifs de sauvetage
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 5476:2022(E)
© ISO 2022
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Design . 3
5 Safety . 3
6 General requirements of the TD .3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 TD administration mode . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 TD maintenance administration mode . 5
6.2.3 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD . 5
6.2.4 Technical assessment of a TD vs a real LSA product . 5
6.2.5 Functionality and competence compliance verification . 5
7 Training with TD systems . .6
7.1 General . 6
7.2 Categories of simulation system training . 6
7.2.1 General . 6
7.2.2 Category 1: Familiarization training . 6
7.2.3 Category 2: Technical training . 6
7.2.4 Category 3: Operational training . 7
7.2.5 Category 4: Incident training . 7
7.3 Characteristics of the TD Environment . 7
7.3.1 Physical realism . 7
7.3.2 Behavioural realism . 8
7.3.3 Operating environment . 8
7.3.4 Sensory cues . 8
7.3.5 Grades of realism . 8
Annex A (informative) Training device certificate .15
Bibliography .16
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and Marine Technology,
Subcommittee SC 1, Maritime safety.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
Introduction
This document provides the criteria for how virtual reality (VR) and simulator technologies can support
training and maintenance of lifesaving appliances such as those required by the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974 (SOLAS 74), Chapter III.
The use of VR and simulator technology is already a mainstay in many traditional maritime schools
for bridge management and navigation, and the market is growing for this type of training specific
to lifesaving appliances (LSA) installed onboard vessels, mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and
offshore installations. Through interactions with the virtual world, students develop knowledge, skills,
and attitudes related to a wide array of competencies.
This document supports the VR and simulator equipment used in training and drills for operators
and maintainers of LSA, where “live” training with the LSA is limited or restricted due to operational
factors, company policies, inclement weather, sea-state, operating schedules and port restrictions. This
is particularly advantageous for the mariners undergoing pre-arrival training to their next assignment
as well as for onboard survival craft and associated appliances and arrangements such as free-fall
lifeboats and davit-launched liferafts that are traditionally limited in their “live” training usage.
Additionally, LSA that are technologically advanced and novel may not be practicable for both live
training and traditional deployment frequencies. Due to the nature of such alternative designs and
arrangements, the need for VR and simulator training equipment for these types of LSA is particularly
valuable to provide the necessary, consistent training frequency and familiarity for the mariners who
operate them.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5476:2022(E)
Ships and marine technology — Virtual reality and
simulation training systems for lifesaving appliances and
arrangements
1 Scope
This document provides general provisions and minimum criteria for using virtual reality and simulator
equipment and systems instead of live training and drills with lifesaving appliances and arrangements,
such as those required by SOLAS and MODU Code. This document is not intended to provide a generic
training programme for the purposes of meeting International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requirements.
This document serves to support the use of training devices (TD) onboard vessels that can deliver
training and drills required by regulation, as well as additional non-obligatory training to crew. It
is understood that training devices described in this document are used as an alternative to actual
participation with and operations of lifesaving appliances (LSA) products during drills to meet
mandatory training requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code [Resolution MSC.48(66)], International Maritime
Organization, as amended
International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) [Resolution A.741(18)], International Maritime
Organization, 1993, as amended
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in, SOLAS III, the IMO LSA Code and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
augmented reality
AR
interactive experience of a real-world environment whereby the objects that reside in the real world
are augmented by computer-generated perceptual information
3.2
behavioural realism
ability of the training devices (3.6) to replicate the functional characteristics of the lifesaving equipment
1
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
3.3
degree of freedom
measurement of motion of an object in space when constrained by fingers with or without considering
friction forces at contact points
3.4
fidelity
degree to which a model or simulation reproduces the state and behaviour of a real-world object or the
perception of a real-world object, feature, condition, or chosen standard in a measurable or perceivable
manner
3.5
haptic
input or output device that senses the body’s movements by means of physical contact with the user
Note 1 to entry: This includes any technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations,
or motions to the user, e.g. providing a “sense of touch” (the sense felt by humans upon touching an object).
3.6
training device
TD
replica of a lifesaving equipment’s instruments, equipment, panels, and controls in an open area, an
enclosed replica, augmented reality environment, or virtual reality environment
Note 1 to entry: It includes the equipment and computer hardware, firmware, and software necessary to represent
some or all of the full range of operations of the actual lifesaving equipment in a simulated environment.
3.7
maintenance
activities, excluding repairs, requiring disassembly of equipment, or any other activities outside the
scope of the instructions for onboard maintenance and for emergency repair of life-saving appliances
Note 1 to entry: These activities shall be prepared in accordance with SOLAS 1974 regulations, Chapter III/36.2
and III/35.3.18, respectively.
3.8
multiphysics simulation
simultaneous simulation of different aspects of a physical system
Note 1 to entry: This includes the mathematical models used by the training device (3.6)/simulator to replicate
the performance of shipboard equipment and systems
3.9
operating environment
virtual environment simulating the actual environment and conditions in which the lifesaving appliance
would be operated
3.10
physical realism
ability of the training device (3.6) to replicate the physical appearance of the lifesaving equipment
3.11
positive learning transfer
application of the knowledge and skills acquired from using the training device (3.6), whereby the user
of the training device can demonstrate increased performance when using the lifesaving equipment
3.12
sensory cue
features of the training device (3.6) that can stimulate the senses of the user
2
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
3.13
simulation
use of a similar or equivalent system to imitate a real system, so that it behaves like or appears to be the
real system
3.14
virtual reality
VR
artificial environment presented in the computer
4 Design
The TD shall be “fit for purpose” by applying the necessary physical equipment, equipment control
realism, behavioural realism, fidelity, and operating environment realism to achieve the desired
category of learning.
The TD manufacturer shall determine the appropriate training categories of the device and LSA
applications to demonstrate that the system has sufficient realism to produce the positive learning
transfer desired.
5 Safety
Regardless of the category of training, the training setup may include simulating the real environment
including the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR), physical or virtual controls, motion
platforms or any moving training equipment. It is important that the trainee can safely train in the
training setup even when the trainee performs the wrong action or gets disoriented. Safety measures
shall be in place to ensure trainees cannot get physically hurt during training.
6 General requirements of the TD
6.1 General
A TD shall address the following:
a) the TD shall have a unique identifier (i.e. name, model number);
b) training category or categories provided by the TD shall be clearly stated;
c) TD configuration;
d) TD software name and version;
e) equipment operation;
f) equipment and facilities for instructor/evaluator functions when included in the TD;
g) motion system, if applicable, e.g. number of degrees of freedom;
h) visual system;
i) sound system, if applicable;
j) power requirements;
k) internet connectivity requirements to include using the TD, evaluating results, and recording
training, etc;
l) Recording or other record keeping of the training performed. If electronic record keeping is used,
it shall provide for the preservation and retrieval of information with appropriate security or
3
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
controls to prevent the inappropriate alteration of such records after the fact. See DNVGL -ST -0033:
2017, 2.2.1.4 for an example.
Records of drills and training shall be stored in logs and generated automatically from the TD at the
completion of each session. Records shall include at a minimum:
1) TD device unique identifier;
2) start and completion date and time of the drill, muster, or training session;
3) LSA used in the drills;
4) identification of crewmembers participating in drills or training sessions;
5) subject of the onboard training or drill session
— EXAMPLE 1: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat lowering, full drill.
— EXAMPLE 2: Abandon ship drill, lifeboat preparation, part of the full drill.
— EXAMPLE 3: Abandon ship drill, liferaft davit operation, full drill.
6) the role/assigned duty to which the drill or session corresponds (i.e. lifeboat muster or boat crew);
and
7) optionally, the TD can manually record any feedback by the participant, trainer, supervisor or
assessor.
When a TD shall be used for additional non-regulatory training onboard, more records may be stored
such as:
— assessment score; and
— fail/pass result.
m) Where a TD requires training area and space to deploy, an installation and deployment manual
shall be supplied. This includes installation requirements, the TD layout and training area space
layout, and required space, weight, and force to the floor;
n) operation and maintenance manual.
6.2 TD administration mode
6.2.1 General
The TD shall have an administration mode that allows the designer/instructor to create or modify a
training scenario. It also allows the designer/instructor to administrate the access of the systems and
other parameters required to manage the training.
The following functions shall be provided:
a) launch of a training scenario;
b) stop of a training scenario (this function should be accessible to trainers and trainees);
c) use of communications between the instructor/administrator and the trainee or trainees;
d) how to use the simulator;
e) retake the last training scenario;
f) training scenario log; and
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
g) assessment report.
The following functions shall be optional:
h) replay the last training scenario; and
i) replay a stored training scenario.
6.2.2 TD maintenance administration mode
The TD shall have a maintenance administration mode that allows the users to monitor the performance
of the simulator system including the states of the simulator equipment and review simulator logs.
It also allows for remote maintenance functions, software and training scenario updates by local or
remote means.
6.2.3 Maintenance and upgrades to the TD
The maintenance and updating method of the TD software and hardware shall be defined by the
manufacturer with a reference in the maintenance manual, including:
a) spare parts;
b) periodic replacement parts;
c) inspection items;
d) methods, interval, instruments and tools for each inspection item;
e) internet connectivity and computer support requirements.
6.2.4 Technical assessment of a TD vs a real LSA product
The TD maker seeking an approval (see Annex A) to replicate a specific product (make and type,
series or model) shall receive a technical assessment comparing the system to the exact LSA product.
That technical assessment should be evaluated by a third party (e.g. classification society member),
irrespective of whether the LSA maker (original equipment manufacturer) is in business or no longer in
business. The focus of this assessment shall be on objectives affecting training and drill requirements
and no other technical similarities. The systems or components listed below shall be given particular
attention in category 2 and category 3 TDs (see 7.2.3 and 7.2.4):
a) release gears;
b) marine evacuation system;
c) launching appliances; and
d) novel LSA.
6.2.5 Functionality and competence compliance verification
Before seeking approval of a TD (see Annex A) for meeting any training requirement, the TD shall be
practically assessed by a third party (e.g. classification society member or Administration). The TD
maker when applying for this assessment shall list the training requirements which the TD is expected
to fulfil and the tables showing the grades of realism for each learning objective, and shall submit
evidence that positive learning transfer occurs from the use of the TD.
If changes are made to training or drill requirements and learning objectives or any upgrades on
software or hardware to a certified TD onboard, a new assessment shall take place by the relevant
technical assessment (see 6.2.4) and a new TD certificate should be issued.
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
7 Training with TD systems
7.1 General
This document is intended to ensure the TD provides sufficient training to the trainee in place of a
real emergency. This document defines four categories of simulation system training to achieve specific
competencies and skills in the use of life-saving appliances and arrangements onboard a vessel or
installation in order to meet specific training and drill objectives. The categories are not hierarchical
and shall be viewed as different applications of the technology. A TD can meet the requirements of more
than one category.
This document is intended for systems that provide virtual or augmented reality with physical realism.
The categories in this document are intended to augment or even replace live training and drills based
on the actual, intended, or expected operating environment of the installation.
This document applies to the competency of and training on actual equipment onboard and in the
marketplace. It is not intended to address STCW competencies explicitly.
The goal of the simulation systems defined in this document is to augment onboard familiarization, and
foster competency and confidence with the specific life-saving appliances through training with a TD
when traditional live training is limited or not possible.
7.2 Categories of simulation system training
7.2.1 General
Each category of the training provided by the TD shall be sufficient to demonstrate that the user can
use the TD to meet the learning objectives and demonstrate positive learning transfer.
7.2.2 Category 1: Familiarization training
A category 1 TD shall provide sufficient training so that the user is familiar with the operating
procedures to use the lifesaving appliances and the context in which the LSA equipment is used. A
category 1 TD shall also illustrate the operational limitations and hazards associated with using the
LSA equipment. This category requires realistic depiction of the LSA equipment and an understandable
explanation of how it functions, and in which situations it shall be used. Therefore, the equipment
depicted in the TD shall have a substantially similar function to the real device but may meet the generic
grade of realism as per 7.3.5. This category shall contain visual and aural depiction requirements but
does not require any specific requirements on the haptic component.
A category 1 TD shall meet the onboard training requirements of SOLAS 1974, III/19.2, 19.4, 19.4.1 or
the ISM Code, 1993, 6.3, as applicable to the needs of the crew using the characteristics and grades in
Table 1. Examples of category 1 training include a “walk-around” with capability to see the equipment
from all angles and with virtual hands, that can “point” and “touch” objects in the simulation; and LSA
procedural training for a particular LSA or class of LSA.
7.2.3 Category 2: Technical training
A category 2 TD shall provide sufficient training so that the user is familiar with the maintenance of LSA
equipment, such as those found in IMO MSC Resolution 402(96). A category 2 TD main objective as a
training device is to teach the requirements of operational readiness, weekly and monthly inspections.
A category 2 TD shall also illustrate failure modes and hazards associated with maintaining the LSA
equipment. A category 2 training device shall provide sufficient training for a single device or limited
functionality of a set of devices consistent with its make and type. The equipment depicted in the
TD shall be sufficiently identical in function to the real device. The context in which the task shall be
performed need not be part of category 2 training. Therefore, simulating the maritime environment in
which the LSA is to be maintained is not required at this category. Equipment simulated in the TD may
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ISO 5476:2022(E)
be at the representative or specific grade of realism as per 7.3.5, depending on the nature of the training
required.
A category 2 TD shall provide sufficient virtual training to learn the maintenance and inspection
requirements in accordance with SOLAS 1974, III/20, as applicable to the needs of the crew using the
characteristics and grades in Table 2. A category 2 TD may also provide a learning environment to gain
competency with the instructions for onboard maintenance required by SOLAS 1974, III/36.
7.2.4 Category 3: Operational training
A category 3 TD shall provide sufficient training so that the user is able to operate the LSA equipment
under realistic emergency conditions. A category 3 TD shall also present the user with failure modes
and allow the operator to perform operational troubleshooting of the LSA equipment. This TD requires
a training setting in which LSA equipment and arrangements are applied in a whole task setting.
Category 3 requires simulating the applicable maritime working environment expected for the vessel
or offshore installation using the characteristics and grades in Table 3. The LSA equipment, its controls,
and its behaviour after an operator action or influence in the maritime environment, shall be simulated
in the simulation environment. The maritime context in which the device is expected to be operated
shall be simulated as far as it impacts the task of the operator. Simulation includes depiction of weather,
sea state, shipboard hazards such as fire, and list and vessel dynamics including trim, roll, pitch, and
heave. Equipment simulated in the TD shall be at the specific grade of realism as per 7.3.5 and other
limitations, related to corresponding equipment in use.
A category 3 TD shall provide sufficient virtual training in accordance with the requirements of
SOLAS 1974, III/19.3, 19.4, or 37, as applicable to the needs of the crew. A category 3 training device
shall provide sufficient training for the whole task setting. Physical and virtual controls which can be
operated shall be available and the result of the actions shall be visible, audible and possibly able to be
felt. As such, requirements in category 3 include the haptic component.
7.2.5 Category 4: Incident training
A category 4 TD shall provide sufficient training so that the user is able to interact with other emergency
teams, individuals, and/or passengers who are also responding to the emergency s
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