ISO/DIS 11711-2

Ships and marine technology -- Aquatic nuisance species

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 11711-2
ISO/TC 8 Secretariat: SAC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-12-02 2021-02-24
Ships and marine technology — Aquatic nuisance
species —
Part 2:
Ballast water sample collection and handling
ICS: 47.020.99
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4 Sample collection process........................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4.2 Fundamental principles .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

4.2.1 Sample collection flow, duration, and volume ........................................................................................ 7

4.3 Preparation ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.3.1 Measurement requirements and purpose of the sample .............................................................. 7

4.3.2 Ship access and sampling facilities in machinery spaces ............................................................. 7

4.3.3 Coordination with ship’s crew ............................................................................................................................. 8

4.4 Maintenance of sampling apparatus .................................................................................................................................... 8

4.5 Quality management .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Sample probe ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 Design of the sample probe .......................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2.1 Sample probe sizing and flow rates ................................................................................................................. 9

5.2.2 Sample probe geometry..........................................................................................................................................10

5.2.3 Sample probe structural design and materials ...................................................................................13

5.2.4 Installation and removal considerations .................................................................................................14

5.3 Hot-tap sample probe assembly ...........................................................................................................................................14

5.3.1 Configuration ...................................................................................................................................................................14

5.3.2 Design criteria .................................................................................................................................................................15

5.3.3 Typical operations .......................................................................................................................................................16

6 Sample collection device ...........................................................................................................................................................................16

6.1 Considerations .....................................................................................................................................................................................16

6.1.1 Open system ...................................................................... ................................................................................................17

6.1.2 Closed system ..................................................................................................................................................................17

6.1.3 Open loop configuration .........................................................................................................................................17

6.1.4 Closed loop configuration .....................................................................................................................................17

6.1.5 Concentration methods ≥ 50 µm (filtered samples) ......................................................................17

6.1.6 Collection methods for whole water samples......................................................................................18

6.1.7 Sample retrieval and rinsing ..............................................................................................................................18

6.1.8 Sample volumes by size class .............................................................................................................................19

6.2 Sample collection device control system .......................................................................................................................20

6.2.1 Parameters monitored .............................................................................................................................................20

6.3 Sample transfer piping ..................................................................................................................................................................21

6.3.1 Considerations ................................................................................................................................................................21

7 Handling of the sample ...............................................................................................................................................................................22

7.1 Sample handling .................................................................................................................................................................................22

7.2 Sample identification ......................................................................................................................................................................23

7.3 Neutralization agents .....................................................................................................................................................................23

7.4 Filling the container ........................................................................................................................................................................24

7.5 Sample storage .....................................................................................................................................................................................25

7.6 Chain-of-Custody ................................................................................................................................................................................25

7.7 Transport ..................................................................................................................................................................................................25

Annex A (informative) Example configurations of sample collection devices and ballast

piping connections ..........................................................................................................................................................................................26

Annex B (informative) Shipboard sample collection worksheet .........................................................................................29

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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)

Annex C (normative) Sample probe lookup tables .............................................................................................................................34

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................42

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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology.

A list of all parts in the ISO 11711 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
Introduction

Sampling guidance provided by ISO 11711 is intended to standardize measurement of organism

concentrations through sampling of a ship’s ballast discharge consistent with the requirements of

the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Regulation D-2. ISO 11711 consists of three parts,

where Part 1 provides guidance on the shipboard arrangements for piping and fittings necessary for

sampling and return ports, and it standardizes the presentation of the sampling port to accommodate

various sampling probe configurations. Part 2 of the standard addresses the process of collecting and

processing ballast water samples for subsequent analysis. This document provides guidance to ballast

water sampling teams and other concerned parties on the apparatus, installation, and procedures

required to obtain representative samples of ballast water discharges from sample ports on a ship.

These concepts are illustrated in Figure 1. A future third part of 11711 will provide methodologies to

analyse the samples and determine compliance with the ballast water discharge performance standard.

Key
1 Sample collection device isolation valve 6 Sample probe
2 Sample port access flange 7 Sample water flow
3 Sample port valve 8 Ballast water flow
4 Sample port 9 Sample collection device
5 Ballast discharge pipe
ISO 11711-1 Ballast Water Sampling Port Fitting
Arrangements
ISO 11711-2 On-Board Ballast Water Sampling
and Sample Processing
Figure 1 — Illustration of the scopes of ISO 11711-1 and 11711-2
NOTE 1 Figure not to scale

NOTE 2 The figure shows a sample port arranged perpendicular to the main ballast flow

NOTE 3 See Annex A for example configurations of sample collection devices and their connection to

ballast piping
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
Ships and marine technology — Aquatic nuisance
species —
Part 2:
Ballast water sample collection and handling
1 Scope

This document provides guidance to ballast water sampling teams or other concerned parties on the

selection and use of sampling apparatus needed to collect and process ballast water discharge samples

aboard a ship from sample ports installed in accordance with ISO 11711-1. It includes an overview

of the sampling process, discussion on design and maintenance of sample probes, necessary sample

flow rates, sample collection devices that incorporate sample flow control to maintain representative

sampling conditions, and handling of samples for subsequent analyses. The purpose and required

statistical confidence of measurements will dictate sample collection timing (e.g. beginning, middle,

end of the discharge), duration (i.e. collection time), volume collected, and volume analysed. Thus,

these measurement requirements must be defined by the sampling team for each sampling event; this

document defines the necessary parameters but does not specify their values.

Specifically, this document defines appropriate sample probe and sample flow control to achieve

representative sampling and minimize measurement uncertainty consistent with measurement

requirements. Appropriate sample volumes and collection times provide statistical confidence for viable

organism counts at the discharge limit. Regulation D-2 requires the measurement of two organism size

−1 −3

classes: ≥ 10 and < 50 µm (<10 organisms ml ) and ≥ 50 µm (<10 organisms m ), and three indicator

−1 −1

microbes: toxigenic Vibrio cholerae (serotypes O1 and O139, < 1 cfu 100 ml or < 1 cfu g wet weight

−1 −1

zoopl.), Escherichia coli (<250 cfu 100 ml ), and intestinal enterococci (<100 cfu 100 ml ). Sampling

approaches for each are provided, where both indicative and detailed analyses of viable organisms

are supported, as defined by BWM.2-Circ.42/Rev.1, as may be amended, and considering the criteria

in ISO 17025 for quality management, measurement uncertainty, and standardized procedures.

Additional information on uncertainty will be available in Part 3 of 11711. ISO 11711 does not intend to

add any requirements to the BWM Convention or related documents of IMO, but provides supplemental

guidance for sampling of ballast water.

In practice, activities of the sampling team must be coordinated with the actions of the ship and crew.

This is necessary both for safety and to schedule the collection and processing of ballast water samples.

In preparation for sampling, the sample probe must be installed in the shipboard sample port and

connected to the sample collection apparatus. Similarly, the return port when present, is connected as

needed. Selection of the sample probe and other sample collection apparatus appropriate for the ship

discharge will be determined by the sample collection team according to the guidance in this document,

and the timing of sample collection will be determined by the measurement requirements, as described

in Clause 4.3.1, for the ballast discharge.

Certain information regarding the ship’s ballasting and ballast water management systems is required

by the sampling team in advance of the sampling event in order to determine the appropriate safety

procedures, materials, equipment, and sample collection parameters. A sampling requirements

worksheet is provided as Annex B to facilitate documenting this information. However, sampling teams

may require additional information not identified in this document, and they will need to address

logistics for ship access that are outside the scope of this document.
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)

This document primarily addresses the collection of ballast water discharge samples. However this

guidance may also be applied to uptake samples with consideration of appropriate sample volumes

given anticipated organism concentrations in ambient (as opposed to treated) waters.

NOTE While this document is focused on installations aboard a ship, it may be used for land-based facilities.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

BWM/CONF/36. International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and

Sediments, 2004

BWM, 2-Circ.42/Rev.1, Guidance on Ballast Water Sampling and Analysis for Trial Use in Accordance

with the BWM Convention and Guidelines (G2)
MEPC, 300(72), Code for Approval of Ballast Water Management Systems (BWM Code)

ISO 5667-3, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples

ISO 11711-1:2019, Ships and marine technology — Aquatic nuisance species — Part 1: Ballast water

discharge sample port

ISO 17602, Ships and marine technology — Metal valves for use in flanged pipe — Face-to-face and centre-

to-face dimensions

ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11711-1 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
absolute pore size
pore size based on empirical measurements of the pores in a filter
3.2
capture efficiency

measurement of organism retention in a sample collection apparatus, typically expressed as a

percentage
3.3
challenge water
water supplied to a treatment system under test

Note 1 to entry: Challenge water may be required to meet specified ranges for living organism densities and

water quality parameters and is used to assess the efficacy of the treatment system under full-scale operational

conditions.
[SOURCE: EPA/600/R-10/146]
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
3.4
closed loop configuration

sampling arrangement that returns the filtered water to the ballast discharge pipe

3.5
closed system

sample collection device that houses a filter (3.10) within a sealable container having inlet and outlet

connections

Note 1 to entry: The filter used to concentrate organisms is typically made of metal or nylon mesh (see 6.1.2).

Note 2 to entry: A closed system may be operated in either open loop configuration (3.19) or closed loop

configuration (3.4).
3.6
collection container
container used to obtain, hold, and transport water samples
3.7
concentration factor
ratio of filtrate volume to filtrand (3.11) volume
3.8
depth filtration

filtration method where particles are captured within the filter media rather than on the surface of the

filter (3.10)
3.9
effective surface area
filter (3.10) area available for filtration
3.10
filter

barrier that is introduced to retain organisms and particles of a given size while smaller particles are

allowed to pass through
3.11
filtrand

concentrated sample, used in whole or in part for analysis, that is collected during the concentration

process
3.12
filtrate
water that passes through a filter
3.13
filtration velocity
flow velocity (3.14) through filter pores
Note 1 to entry: Using SI, this parameter is expressed as meters per second.
3.14
flow velocity
distance travelled by a fluid per unit time (independent of any pipe dimensions)
Note 1 to entry: Using SI, this parameter is expressed as meters per second.
3.15
hot-tap sample probe assembly

sample probe assembly that can be installed into and removed from a water-filled, pressurized

ballast pipe
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
3.16
maximum allowable working pressure
MAWP

maximum pressure that the weakest component in a pressurized system is designed to withstand

3.17
measurement requirements

specific requirements needed to support the purpose of the measurement, including sample timing,

volume, duration, a specific ballast tank or sampling location, and acceptable measurement uncertainty

(see 4.3.1)
3.18
nominal pore size

pore size specified by the filter manufacturer to identify the size of particles typically retained by the

filter (3.10)
3.19
open loop configuration

sampling arrangement that returns the filtered water to an unpressurized container (e.g., bilge)

3.20
open system

sample collection device that houses a filter (3.10) within an open container (e.g., open tank with

plankton net (3.22))

Note 1 to entry: A closed system may be operated in either open loop configuration (3.19) or closed loop

configuration (3.4).
3.21
operation, maintenance, and safety manual
OMSM

reference manual supplied by the manufacturer for a BWMS product that identified factors that affect

the operation of the BWMS, including any warm-up or other requirements that must be completed to

achieve operational stability

Note 1 to entry: The OMSM specifies what constitutes stable operating conditions for the BWMS, factors that may

affect operating conditions, and any adjustments required to reach or to maintain a stable operating condition.

3.22
plankton net

conical filter device that collects organisms in a removable cod end; filter material is a fabric net with a

specific pore size, and the device can be towed in open waters or used as a filter in an open system for

organism concentration
3.23
representative sampling

sampling methodology that obtains concentrations and compositions of constituent materials and

organisms that are in the proportions and physical state of the source volume of interest

Note 1 to entry: In the case of ballast water sampling, representative conditions are considered under fully

turbulent flow, where an appropriate sited sample probe obtains a sample at a flow velocity of 1 × to 0,25 × the

flow velocity of the water in the ballast discharge pipe, thus sample flow is isokinetic or sub-isokinetic.

3.24
sample collection device

device that can concentrate and collect the larger class of organisms (via a filter or plankton net), collect

a whole water sample, or both
[SOURCE: ISO 11711-1]

Note 1 to entry: A sample collection device may consist of multiple individual systems, e.g. multiple closed systems

(3.5), each housing a filter (3.10).
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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
3.25
sample collection team

personnel that are responsible for setting up the sample collection device, collecting and retrieving the

ballast water samples
3.26
sample collection device isolation valve

full port valve used to isolate the sample collection device from the ballast discharge pipe

3.27
sample flow control valve
valve used to regulate the sample flow rate
3.28
sample hold time
duration between end of sample collection and start of analysis
3.29
sample probe bend radius
radius of the curvature in the sample probe as measured at the centreline
3.30
sample probe entrance length
distance from the sample probe opening prior to beginning of any bend
3.31
sample probe insertion length

distance from the diametric centre of the sample probe entrance to the sample port access flange when

installed into the ballast discharge pipe
3.32
sample probe opening

entrance through which the water from the ballast discharge pipe enters the sample probe

3.33
surface filtration

filtration where particles and organisms are collected on the surface of a barrier

3.34
test cycle

testing iteration (to include uptake, treatment, holding and discharge as appropriate) under a given set

of requirements used to establish the ability of a BWMS to meet the set discharge standards

[SOURCE: IMO MEPC.300(72), BWMS Code, 3.15]
3.35
treatment hold time

duration between the end of ballast water uptake and beginning of ballast water discharge, consistent

with the time stipulated on the type approval certificate
3.36
volumetric flow rate

volume of fluid passing per unit time, calculated from flow velocity (3.14) and cross section area

Note 1 to entry: In ballast water operations, this parameter is typically expressed in cubic metres per hour.

Note 2 to entry: Using SI, this parameter is expressed in cubic metres per second.

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ISO/DIS 11711-2:2020(E)
4 Sample collection process
4.1 General

The sampling team shall conduct shipboard sampling operations appropriate to the ship, its ballast

system, and discharge procedures. Prior to sampling, essential information shall be collected to

choose sampling equipment appropriate for the anticipated ballast discharge; ideally this is done

prior to boarding the ship, but this may not always be possible. Consultation and coordination with

the ship’s crew are necessary to understand BWMS operations, determine ballasting parameters,

identify sampling locations (typically in a machinery space), install or remove the sampling equipment,

and coordinate the start and stop of sampling during the ballast operations. Sampling parameters

are dictated by the measurement requirements, e.g. the timing for a type approval sampling event

may be conducted over an entire discharge of a specific ballast tank, while collection of an indicative

compliance sample may occur over a specified number of minutes from a tank of convenience.

In general, the sampling process includes:
1. Installation of an appropriately sized sample probe into
...