ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016
(Main)Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent code points
Information technology — MPEG systems technologies — Part 8: Coding-independent code points
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016 defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video or audio stream that are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties may describe the appropriate interpretation of decoded video or audio data or may, similarly, describe the characteristics of such signals before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for compressing such an input signal.
Technologies de l'information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG — Partie 8: Points de code indépendants du codage
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 23001-8
Second edition
2016-05-01
Information technology — MPEG
systems technologies —
Part 8:
Coding-independent code points
Technologies de l’information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG —
Partie 8: Points de code indépendants du codage
Reference number
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2016
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2016 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Conventions . 2
4.1 Arithmetic operators . 2
4.2 Relational operators . 3
4.3 Bit-wise operators. 3
4.4 Mathematical functions . 4
5 Introduction . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Background . 5
5.3 Applicability . 6
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points . 6
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults . 6
6.2 Externally defined values . 7
6.3 Reference format . 7
6.4 URN Format . 7
7 Video code points . 7
7.1 Colour primaries . 7
7.2 Transfer characteristics . 9
7.3 Matrix coefficients.11
7.4 Video frame packing type .16
7.5 Packed video content interpretation .20
7.6 Sample aspect ratio indicator .21
8 Audio code points .22
8.1 Loudspeaker index and speaker channel position .22
8.2 Loudspeaker layout index and channel configuration.25
8.3 Loudspeaker positioning.30
8.4 Program loudness level .33
8.5 Anchor loudness level .34
8.6 Range of loudness .34
8.7 Top of loudness range .34
8.8 Maximum of momentary loudness level .34
8.9 Maximum of short-term loudness level .35
8.10 Short-term loudness level .35
8.11 Peak level .35
8.12 Compressor characteristic .35
Bibliography .38
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 29, Coding of
audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013), which has been
technically revised.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013/Amd 1:2015 and the Technical Corrigendum
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013/Cor 1:2015.
ISO/IEC 23001 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — MPEG
systems technologies:
— Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML
— Part 2: Fragment request units
— Part 3: XML IPMP messages
— Part 4: Codec configuration representation
— Part 5: Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL)
— Part 7: Common encryption in ISO base media file format files
— Part 8: Coding-independent code points
— Part 9: Common encryption of MPEG-2 transport streams
— Part 10: Carriage of timed metadata metrics of media in ISO base media file format
— Part 11: Energy-efficient media consumption (green metadata)
iv © ISO/IEC 2016 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Information technology — MPEG systems technologies —
Part 8:
Coding-independent code points
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video
or audio stream that are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties may
describe the appropriate interpretation of decoded video or audio data or may, similarly, describe
the characteristics of such signals before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for
compressing such an input signal.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
Rec. ITU-R BS.1770, Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
Rec. ITU-R BS.1771-1, Requirements for loudness and true-peak indicating meters
EBU R 128, Loudness normalization and permitted maximum level of audio signals
EBU Tech 3341, Loudness Metering: EBU mode metering to supplement loudness normalization in
accordance with EBU R128
EBU Tech 3342, Loudness Range: A measure to supplement loudness normalisation in accordance with
EBU R 128
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
channel
Ch.
conceptual representation of an audio signal for coding or transmission as it may be used within the
digital signal processing chain of an audio codec
Note 1 to entry: A channel may correspond directly to one specific loudspeaker or it may carry an audio signal
that is meant to be further processed and played back on more than one loudspeaker by some means not further
specified here.
3.1.2
DRC
dynamic range compressor process that modifies the amplitude of an audio signal
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
3.1.3
K-weighted
frequency weighting by means of a two-stage filter, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.1.4
LKFS
loudness, K-weighted, relative to nominal full scale, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.1.5
loudspeaker
LS
physical loudspeaker with a given geometric position relative to the listener and, if applicable, a
label or name
Note 1 to entry: Even though the loudspeaker names used in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 each describe one discrete
loudspeaker position, some loudspeaker signals may, in practice, be rendered on a loudspeaker array consisting
of multiple loudspeakers which are all driven with the same audio signal, for example, in a theatrical setting.
3.1.6
loudspeaker index
association of a loudspeaker geometric position to a given index
3.1.7
loudspeaker layout
set of loudspeakers with a specific constellation of geometric positions meant for authoring or play-
back of audio content
3.1.8
loudspeaker layout index
association of a loudspeaker layout to a given index
3.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
LSB least-significant bit
MSB most-significant bit
4 Conventions
NOTE The mathematical operators used in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 are similar to those used in the
C programming language. However, integer division and arithmetic shift operations are specifically defined.
Numbering and counting conventions generally begin from 0.
4.1 Arithmetic operators
The following arithmetic operators are defined as follows:
+ Addition.
− Subtraction (as a two-argument operator) or negation (as a unary prefix operator).
* Multiplication, including matrix multiplication.
y Exponentiation. Specifies x to the power of y. In other contexts, such notation is used for
x
superscripting not intended for interpretation as exponentiation.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
/ Integer division with truncation of the result toward zero. For example, 7 / 4 and
( −7 ) / ( −4 ) are truncated to 1 and ( −7 ) / 4 and 7 / ( −4 ) are truncated to −1.
÷ Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
intended.
x
Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
y
intended.
y
The summation of f(i) with i taking all integer values from x up to and including y.
fi()
∑
ix=
x % y Modulus. Remainder of x divided by y, defined only for integers x and y with x >= 0 and y > 0.
4.2 Relational operators
The following relational operators are defined as follows:
> greater than
>= greater than or equal to
< less than
<= less than or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to
When a relational operator is applied to a syntax element or variable that has been assigned the value
“na” (not applicable), the value “na” is treated as a distinct value for the syntax element or variable. The
value “na” is considered not to be equal to any other value.
4.3 Bit-wise operators
The following bit-wise operators are defined as follows:
& Bit-wise “and”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s complement rep-
resentation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant
bits equal to 0.
| Bit-wise “or”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s complement rep-
resentation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant
bits equal to 0.
^ Bit-wise “exclusive or”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s comple-
ment representation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that con-
tains fewer bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more
significant bits equal to 0.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
x >> y Arithmetic right shift of a two’s complement integer representation of x by y binary digits.
This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the MSBs as a
result of the right shift have a value equal to the MSB of x prior to the shift operation.
x << y Arithmetic left shift of a two’s complement integer representation of x by y binary digits.
This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the LSBs as a
result of the left shift have a value equal to 0.
4.4 Mathematical functions
The following mathematical functions are defined as follows:
xx; >= 0
Abs( x )= (1)
−
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), (2)
Y Y
where BitDepth is the representation bit depth of the corresponding luma colour component signal.
Y
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), (3)
C C
where BitDepth is the representation bit depth of the corresponding chroma colour component
C
signal C. In general, BitDepth may be distinct for different chroma colour components signals C, e.g. for
C
C corresponding to Cb or Cr.
x; zx<
Clip3( x,y,z ) = y; zy> (4)
z; otherwise
Floor( x ) the largest integer less than or equal to x. (5)
Log10( x ) returns the base-10 logarithm of x. (6)
Round( x ) = Sign( x ) * Floor( Abs( x ) + 0.5 ). (7)
10; x>=
Sign( x ) = (8)
−<10; x
Sqrt( x ) = x (9)
5 Introduction
5.1 General
This Clause identifies the code points defined in this part of ISO/IEC 23001, as listed in Table 1 with
cross-references to the subclause in which each is specified.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Table 1 — List of code point definitions
Name Abstract Subclause
ColourPrimaries Video colour primaries 7.1
TransferCharacteristics Video colour transfer characteristics 7.2
MatrixCoefficients and Video matrix colour coefficients 7.3
VideoFullRangeFlag
VideoFramePackingType and Video frame packing 7.4
QuincunxSamplingFlag
PackedContentInterpretationType Interpretation of packed video frames 7.5
SampleAspectRatio, SarWidth, Sample aspect ratio of video 7.6
SarHeight
OutputChannelPosition Audio channel assignment 8.1
ChannelConfiguration Audio channel configuration 8.2
LoudspeakerGeometry Audio loudspeaker geometry 8.3
LoudspeakerElevation Audio loudspeaker elevation 8.3
LoudspeakerAzimuth Audio loudspeaker azimuth 8.3
ProgramLoudness Audio program loudness level 8.4
AnchorLoudness Audio anchor content loudness level 8.5
LoudnessRange Range of loudness 8.6
LoudnessRangeTop Top value of loudness range 8.7
MomentaryLoudnessMax Maximum Loudness (400 ms window) 8.8
ShortTermLoudnessMax Maximum Loudness (3 s window) 8.9
ShortTermLoudness Loudness (3 s window) 8.10
SamplePeakLevel Level of sample peak magnitude 8.11
TruePeakLevel Level of true peak 8.11
DrcCharacteristic Index of DRC characteristic 8.12
5.2 Background
In a number of specifications, there is a need to identify some characteristics of media that are logically
independent of the compression format (for example, aspects that relate to the sourcing or presentation
or the role of the media component). These media characteristics have typically been documented by
fields that take an encoded value or item selected from an enumerated list, herein called code points.
These code points are typically defined in the specification of compression formats to document these
characteristics of the media. In past practices, the definition of these fields has been copied from
standard to standard, sometimes with new values being added in later standards (and sometimes with
later amendments specified to add new entries to existing standards).
This past practice has raised a number of issues, including the following:
a) A lack of a formal way to avoid conflicting assignments being made in different standards.
b) Having additional values defined in later specifications that may be practically used with older
compression formats, but without clear formal applicability of these new values to older standards.
c) Any update or correction of code point semantics can incur significant effort to update all standards
in which the code point is specified, instead of enabling a single central specification to apply across
different referencing specifications.
d) The choice of reference for other specifications (such as container or delivery formats) not being
obvious; wherein a formal reference to a compression format standard appears to favour that one
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
format over others, and also appears to preclude definitions defined in other compression format
specifications.
e) Burdensome maintenance needs to ensure that a reference to material defined in a compression
format specification is maintained appropriately over different revisions of the referenced format
specification, as the content of a compression format specification may change over time and is
ordinarily not intended as a point of reference for defining such code points.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides a central definition of such code points to address these issues.
5.3 Applicability
The usage of this part of ISO/IEC 23001 is illustrated in Figure 1. This part of ISO/IEC 23001 can be used
to provide universal descriptions to assist interpretation of signals following decoding or to describe
the properties of the signals before they are encoded.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides code points for coding-independent description of multimedia
signal characteristics.
Figure 1 — Scope of this part of ISO/IEC 23001
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults
The code points defined herein may be specified as a value or a label of an enumerated list. The definition
of their encoding and representation (e.g. as a binary number) is the responsibility of the specification
using the code point, as is the identification of any applicable default value not specified herein. It is also
possible for external specifications to use a mapping to values defined here, if they wish to preserve
identical semantics but different code point assignments.
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Guidance is given for each code point as to a suitable type (e.g. unsigned integer) and a suitable value
range (e.g. 0 to 63) for assistance in writing derived specifications. In some instances, default flag
values are provided that are suggested to be inferred for code point parameters with associated flags
that may not be explicitly signalled or specified in derived specifications.
6.2 Externally defined values
If the external specification permits values not defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to be identified in
the same field that carries values defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001, then that other specification
should identify how values defined herein can be distinguished from values not defined herein.
6.3 Reference format
References to code points in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 should use only the code point name (i.e. a
“Name” from Table 1) and specification title, and not use section numbers or any other “fragile”
reference such as a table number. Example: “ChocolateDensity as defined in ISO/IEC 23001-8 Coding-
independent code points”.
6.4 URN Format
The Uniform Resource Names (URN) prefix
urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:
is defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to form URN labels for the names in Table 1, when followed by a
name from that table. Systems may use these URNs to identify values defined herein.
EXAMPLE urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:ColourPrimaries
7 Video code points
7.1 Colour primaries
Type: Unsigned integer, enumeration
Range: 0 – 255
ColourPrimaries indicates the chromaticity coordinates of the source colour primaries as specified in
Table 2 in terms of the CIE 1931 definition of x and y as specified by ISO 11664-1.
An 8-bit field should be adequate for representation of the ColourPrimaries code point.
Table 2 — Interpretation of colour primaries (ColourPrimaries) value
Value Colour primaries Informative remarks
0 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
1 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5
green 0.300 0.600 Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 conventional colour gamut
system and extended colour gamut system
blue 0.150 0.060
(historical)
red 0.640 0.330
IEC 61966-2-1 sRGB or sYCC
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
IEC 61966-2-4
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
RP 177 (1993) Annex B
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown or are
determined by the application.
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Value Colour primaries Informative remarks
4 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System M (historical)
green 0.21 0.71 United States National Television System Committee
1953 Recommendation for transmission standards
blue 0.14 0.08
for colour television
red 0.67 0.33
United States Federal Communications
white C 0.310 0.316 Commission Title 47 Code of Federal
Regulations (2003) 73.682 (a) (20)
5 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System B, G (historical)
green 0.29 0.60 Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 625
blue 0.15 0.06 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 625 (historical)
red 0.64 0.33 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 625 PAL and 625 SECAM
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
6 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 525
green 0.310 0.595 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 525 (historical)
blue 0.155 0.070 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 NTSC
red 0.630 0.340 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
170M (2004)
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
(functionally the same as the value 7)
7 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
240M (1999)
green 0.310 0.595
(functionally the same as the value 6)
blue 0.155 0.070
red 0.630 0.340
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
8 primary x y Generic film (colour filters using Illuminant C)
green 0.243 0.692 (Wratten 58)
blue 0.145 0.049 (Wratten 47)
red 0.681 0.319 (Wratten 25)
white C 0.310 0.316
9 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.2020
green 0.170 0.797
blue 0.131 0.046
red 0.708 0.292
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
10 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
ST 428-1
green (Y) 0.0 1.0
(CIE 1931 XYZ as in ISO 11664-1)
blue (Z) 0.0 0.0
red (X) 1.0 0.0
centre white 1 ÷ 3 1 ÷ 3
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ISO/IEC 23001-8:2016(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Value Colour primaries Informative remarks
11 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
RP 431-2 (2011)
green 0.265 0.690
blue 0.150 0.060
red 0.680 0.320
white 0.314 0.351
12 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
EG 432-1 (2010)
green 0.265 0.690
blue 0.150 0.060
red 0.680 0.320
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
13–21 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
22 primary x y EBU Tech. 3213-E (1975)
green 0.295 0.605
blue 0.155 0.077
red 0.630 0.340
white D65 0.312 7 0.329 0
23–255 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
7.2 Transfer characteristics
Typ
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
23001-8
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29
Information technology — MPEG
Secretariat: JISC
systems technologies —
Voting begins on:
2015-09-23
Part 8:
Voting terminates on:
Coding-independent code points
2015-11-23
Technologies de l’information — Technologies des systèmes MPEG —
Partie 8: Points de code indépendants du codage
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO/IEC 2015
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Conventions . 2
4.1 Arithmetic operators . 2
4.2 Relational operators . 3
4.3 Bit-wise operators. 3
4.4 Mathematical functions . 4
5 Introduction . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Background . 5
5.3 Applicability . 6
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points . 6
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults . 6
6.2 Externally defined values . 7
6.3 Reference format . 7
6.4 URN Format . 7
7 Video code points . 7
7.1 Colour primaries . 7
7.2 Transfer characteristics . 9
7.3 Matrix coefficients.11
7.4 Video frame packing type .16
7.5 Packed video content interpretation .20
7.6 Sample aspect ratio indicator .21
8 Audio code points .22
8.1 Loudspeaker index and speaker channel position .22
8.2 Loudspeaker layout index and channel configuration.25
8.3 Loudspeaker positioning.31
8.4 Program loudness level .35
8.5 Anchor loudness level .35
8.6 Range of loudness .35
8.7 Top of loudness range .35
8.8 Maximum of momentary loudness level .35
8.9 Maximum of short-term loudness level .36
8.10 Short-term loudness level .36
8.11 Peak level .36
8.12 Compressor characteristic .36
Bibliography .39
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 29, Coding of
audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013), which has been
technically revised.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013/Amd 1:2015 and the Technical Corrigendum
ISO/IEC 23001-8:2013/Cor 1:2015.
ISO/IEC 23001 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — MPEG
systems technologies:
— Part 1: Binary MPEG format for XML
— Part 2: Fragment request units
— Part 3: XML IPMP messages
— Part 4: Codec configuration representation
— Part 5: Bitstream Syntax Description Language (BSDL)
— Part 7: Common encryption in ISO base media file format files
— Part 8: Coding-independent code points
— Part 9 : Common encryption of MPEG-2 transport streams
— Part 10 : Carriage of timed metadata metrics of media in ISO base media file format
— Part 11 : Energy-efficient media consumption (green metadata)
iv © ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
Information technology — MPEG systems technologies —
Part 8:
Coding-independent code points
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 defines various code points and fields that establish properties of a video
or audio stream that are independent of the compression encoding and bit rate. These properties may
describe the appropriate interpretation of decoded video or audio data or may, similarly, describe
the characteristics of such signals before the signal is compressed by an encoder that is suitable for
compressing such an input signal.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11664-1, Colorimetry — Part 1: CIE standard colorimetric observers
Rec. ITU-R BS.1770, Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level
Rec. ITU-R BS.1771-1, Requirements for loudness and true-peak indicating meters
EBU R 128, Loudness normalization and permitted maximum level of audio signals
EBU Tech 3341, Loudness Metering: EBU mode metering to supplement loudness normalization in
accordance with EBU R128
EBU Tech 3342, Loudness Range: A measure to supplement loudness normalisation in accordance with EBU
R 128
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1.1
channel
Ch.
conceptual representation of an audio signal for coding or transmission as it may be used within the
digital signal processing chain of an audio codec
Note 1 to entry: A channel may correspond directly to one specific loudspeaker or it may carry an audio signal
that is meant to be further processed and played back on more than one loudspeaker by some means not further
specified here.
3.1.2
DRC
dynamic range compressor process that modifies the amplitude of an audio signal
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
3.1.3
K-weighted
frequency weighting by means of a two-stage filter, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.1.4
LKFS
loudness, K-weighted, relative to nominal full scale, as defined in Rec. ITU-R BS.1770
3.1.5
loudspeaker
LS
physical loudspeaker with a given geometric position relative to the listener and, if applicable, a
label or name
Note 1 to entry: Even though the loudspeaker names used in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 each describe one discrete
loudspeaker position, some loudspeaker signals may, in practice, be rendered on a loudspeaker array consisting
of multiple loudspeakers which are all driven with the same audio signal, for example, in a theatrical setting.
3.1.6
loudspeaker index
association of a loudspeaker geometric position to a given index
3.1.7
loudspeaker layout
set of loudspeakers with a specific constellation of geometric positions meant for authoring or play-
back of audio content
3.1.8
loudspeaker layout index
association of a loudspeaker layout to a given index
3.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
LSB least-significant bit
MSB most-significant bit
4 Conventions
NOTE The mathematical operators used in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 are similar to those used in the C
programming language. However, integer division and arithmetic shift operations are specifically defined.
Numbering and counting conventions generally begin from 0.
4.1 Arithmetic operators
The following arithmetic operators are defined as follows:
+ Addition
− Subtraction (as a two-argument operator) or negation (as a unary prefix operator)
* Multiplication, including matrix multiplication
y
x Exponentiation. Specifies x to the power of y. In other contexts, such notation is used for
superscripting not intended for interpretation as exponentiation.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
/ Integer division with truncation of the result toward zero. For example, 7 / 4 and
( −7 ) / ( −4 ) are truncated to 1 and ( −7 ) / 4 and 7 / ( −4 ) are truncated to −1.
÷ Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
intended.
Used to denote division in mathematical equations where no truncation or rounding is
x
intended.
y
The summation of f(i) with i taking all integer values from x up to and including y.
y
fi()
∑
ix=
x % y Modulus. Remainder of x divided by y, defined only for integers x and y with x >= 0 and y > 0.
4.2 Relational operators
The following relational operators are defined as follows:
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to.
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
When a relational operator is applied to a syntax element or variable that has been assigned the value
“na” (not applicable), the value “na” is treated as a distinct value for the syntax element or variable. The
value “na” is considered not to be equal to any other value.
4.3 Bit-wise operators
The following bit-wise operators are defined as follows:
& Bit-wise “and”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s complement rep-
resentation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant
bits equal to 0.
| Bit-wise “or”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s complement rep-
resentation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that contains fewer
bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more significant
bits equal to 0.
^ Bit-wise “exclusive or”. When operating on integer arguments, operates on a two’s comple-
ment representation of the integer value. When operating on a binary argument that con-
tains fewer bits than another argument, the shorter argument is extended by adding more
significant bits equal to 0.
x >> y Arithmetic right shift of a two’s complement integer representation of x by y binary digits.
This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the MSBs as a
result of the right shift have a value equal to the MSB of x prior to the shift operation.
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
x << y Arithmetic left shift of a two’s complement integer representation of x by y binary digits.
This function is defined only for positive integer values of y. Bits shifted into the LSBs as a
result of the left shift have a value equal to 0.
4.4 Mathematical functions
The following mathematical functions are defined as follows:
xx; >= 0
Abs(x)= (1)
−
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), (2)
Y Y
where BitDepth is the representation bit depth of the corresponding luma colour component signal.
Y
Clip1 ( x ) = Clip3( 0, ( 1 << BitDepth ) − 1, x ), (3)
C C
where BitDepth is the representation bit depth of the corresponding chroma colour component signal
C
C. In general, BitDepth may be distinct for different chroma colour components signals C, e.g. for C
C
corresponding to Cb or Cr.
x; zx<
Clip3(x,y,z)= y; zy> (4)
z; otherwise
Floor( x ) the largest integer less than or equal to x. (5)
Log10( x ) returns the base-10 logarithm of x. (6)
Round( x ) = Sign( x ) * Floor( Abs( x ) + 0,5 ). (7)
10; x>=
Sign(x)= (8)
−<10; x
Sqrt(x)= x (9)
5 Introduction
5.1 General
This Clause identifies the code points defined in this part of ISO/IEC 23001, as listed in Table 1 with
cross-references to the subclause in which each is specified.
Table 1 — List of code point definitions
Name Abstract Subclause
ColourPrimaries Video colour primaries 7.1
TransferCharacteristics Video colour transfer characteristics 7.2
MatrixCoefficients and VideoFull- Video matrix colour coefficients 7.3
RangeFlag
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Name Abstract Subclause
VideoFramePackingType and Quin- Video frame packing 7.4
cunxSamplingFlag
PackedContentInterpretationType Interpretation of packed video frames 7.5
SampleAspectRatio, SarWidth, Sar- Sample aspect ratio of video 7.6
Height
OutputChannelPosition Audio channel assignment 8.1
ChannelConfiguration Audio channel configuration 8.2
LoudspeakerGeometry Audio loudspeaker geometry 8.3
LoudspeakerElevation Audio loudspeaker elevation 8.3
LoudspeakerAzimuth Audio loudspeaker azimuth 8.3
ProgramLoudness Audio program loudness level 8.4
AnchorLoudness Audio anchor content loudness level 8.5
LoudnessRange Range of loudness 8.6
LoudnessRangeTop Top value of loudness range 8.7
MomentaryLoudnessMax Maximum Loudness (400 ms window) 8.8
ShortTermLoudnessMax Maximum Loudness (3 s window) 8.9
ShortTermLoudness Loudness (3 s window) 8.10
SamplePeakLevel Level of sample peak magnitude 8.11
TruePeakLevel Level of true peak 8.11
DrcCharacteristic Index of DRC characteristic 8.12
5.2 Background
In a number of specifications, there is a need to identify some characteristics of media that are logically
independent of the compression format (for example, aspects that relate to the sourcing or presentation
or the role of the media component). These media characteristics have typically been documented by
fields that take an encoded value or item selected from an enumerated list, herein called code points.
These code points are typically defined in the specification of compression formats to document these
characteristics of the media. In past practices, the definition of these fields has been copied from
standard to standard, sometimes with new values being added in later standards (and sometimes with
later amendments specified to add new entries to existing standards).
This past practice has raised a number of issues, including the following:
a) A lack of a formal way to avoid conflicting assignments being made in different standards.
b) Having additional values defined in later specifications that may be practically used with older
compression formats, but without clear formal applicability of these new values to older standards.
c) Any update or correction of code point semantics can incur significant effort to update all standards
in which the code point is specified, instead of enabling a single central specification to apply across
different referencing specifications.
d) The choice of reference for other specifications (such as container or delivery formats) not being
obvious; wherein a formal reference to a compression format standard appears to favour that one
format over others, and also appears to preclude definitions defined in other compression format
specifications.
e) Burdensome maintenance needs to ensure that a reference to material defined in a compression
format specification is maintained appropriately over different revisions of the referenced format
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
specification, as the content of a compression format specification may change over time and is
ordinarily not intended as a point of reference for defining such code points.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides a central definition of such code points to address these issues.
5.3 Applicability
The usage of this part of ISO/IEC 23001 is illustrated in Figure 1. This part of ISO/IEC 23001 can be used
to provide universal descriptions to assist interpretation of signals following decoding or to describe
the properties of the signals before they are encoded.
This part of ISO/IEC 23001 provides code points for coding-independent description of multimedia
signal characteristics.
Figure 1 — Scope of this part of ISO/IEC 23001
6 Principles for definition and referencing of code points
6.1 Code point encoding and defaults
The code points defined herein may be specified as a value or a label of an enumerated list. The definition
of their encoding and representation (e.g. as a binary number) is the responsibility of the specification
using the code point, as is the identification of any applicable default value not specified herein. It is also
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
possible for external specifications to use a mapping to values defined here, if they wish to preserve
identical semantics but different code point assignments.
Guidance is given for each code point as to a suitable type (e.g. unsigned integer) and a suitable value
range (e.g. 0 to 63) for assistance in writing derived specifications. In some instances, default flag
values are provided that are suggested to be inferred for code point parameters with associated flags
that may not be explicitly signalled or specified in derived specifications.
6.2 Externally defined values
If the external specification permits values not defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to be identified in
the same field that carries values defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001, then that other specification
should identify how values defined herein can be distinguished from values not defined herein.
6.3 Reference format
References to code points in this part of ISO/IEC 23001 should use only the code point name (i.e. a
“Name” from Table 1) and specification title, and not use section numbers or any other “fragile”
reference such as a table number. Example: “ChocolateDensity as defined in ISO/IEC 23001-8 Coding-
independent code points”.
6.4 URN Format
The Uniform Resource Names (URN) prefix
urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:
is defined by this part of ISO/IEC 23001 to form URN labels for the names in Table 1, when followed by a
name from that table. Systems may use these URNs to identify values defined herein.
EXAMPLE urn:mpeg:mpegB:cicp:ColourPrimaries
7 Video code points
7.1 Colour primaries
Type: Unsigned integer, enumeration
Range: 0 – 255
ColourPrimaries indicates the chromaticity coordinates of the source colour primaries as specified in
Table 2 in terms of the CIE 1931 definition of x and y as specified by ISO 11664-1.
An 8-bit field should be adequate for representation of the ColourPrimaries code point.
Table 2 — Interpretation of colour primaries (ColourPrimaries) value
Value Colour primaries Informative remarks
0 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
1 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5
green 0,300 0,600 Rec. ITU-R BT.1361 conventional colour gamut sys-
tem and extended colour gamut system (historical)
blue 0,150 0,060
IEC 61966-2-1 sRGB or sYCC
red 0,640 0,330
IEC 61966-2-4
white D65 0,312 7 0,329 0
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
RP 177 (1993) Annex B
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ISO/IEC FDIS 23001-8:2015(E)
Table 2 (continued)
Value Colour primaries Informative remarks
2 Unspecified Image characteristics are unknown or are deter-
mined by the application.
3 Reserved For future use by ISO/IEC
4 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System M (historical)
green 0,21 0,71 United States National Television System Committee
1953 Recommendation for transmission standards
blue 0,14 0,08
for colour television
red 0,67 0,33
United States Federal Communications Commis-
white C 0,310 0,316 sion Title 47 Code of Federal Regulations (2003)
73.682 (a) (20)
5 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.470-6 System B, G (historical)
green 0,29 0,60 Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 625
blue 0,15 0,06 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 625 (historical)
red 0,64 0,33 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 625 PAL and 625 SECAM
white D65 0,312 7 0,329 0
6 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.601-6 525
green 0,310 0,595 Rec. ITU-R BT.1358 525 (historical)
blue 0,155 0,070 Rec. ITU-R BT.1700 NTSC
red 0,630 0,340 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
170M (2004)
white D65 0,312 7 0,329 0
(functionally the same as the value 7)
7 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
240M (1999)
green 0,310 0,595
(functionally the same as the value 6)
blue 0,155 0,070
red 0,630 0,340
white D65 0,312 7 0,329 0
8 primary x y Generic film (colour filters using Illuminant C)
green 0,243 0,692 (Wratten 58)
blue 0,145 0,049 (Wratten 47)
red 0,681 0,319 (Wratten 25)
white C 0,310 0,316
9 primary x y Rec. ITU-R BT.2020
green 0,170 0,797
blue 0,131 0,046
red 0,708 0,292
white D65 0,312 7 0,329 0
10 primary x y Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
ST 428-1
green (Y) 0,0 1,0
(CIE 1931 XYZ as in ISO 11664-1)
blue (Z) 0,0 0,0
red (X) 1,0 0,0
centre white 1 ÷ 3 1 ÷ 3
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