ISO 7766-1:1993
(Main)Photography — Processing wastes — Analysis of cyanides — Part 1: Determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) and hexacyanoferrate(III) by spectrometry
Photography — Processing wastes — Analysis of cyanides — Part 1: Determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) and hexacyanoferrate(III) by spectrometry
The principle of the test method specified is treating a sample of effluent, or diluted effluent, with a mixture of iron(II) and iron(III) ions. If Fe(CN)6 is present, a blue suspension will form. In the range of 1,0 mg/l to 10,0 mg/l, this suspension is stable and its absorbance is linear with its concentration. The absorbance is measured with a spectrometer, and the concentration determined from a previously established calibration.
Photographie — Effluents de traitement — Analyse des cyanures — Partie 1: Détermination de l'hexacyanoferrate(II) et de l'hexacyanoferrate(III) par spectrométrie
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
IS0
STANDARD 7766-l
First edition
1993-01-I 5
Photography - Processing wastes -
Analysis of cyanides -
Part 1:
Determination of hexacyanoferrate(lI) and
hexacyanoferrate( I I I) by spectrometry
- Analyse des cyanures -
Photographie - Effluents de traitemen t
Partie I: D&termination de I’hexacyanoferrate(ll) et de
I’hexacyanoferrate(llI) par spectrom6trie
Reference number
IS0 7766-l :I 993(E)
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IS0 77664:1993(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re-
presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard IS0 7766-l was prepared by Technical Committee
lSO/TC 42, Photography.
IS0 7766 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pho-
tography - Processing wastes - Analysis of cyanides:
and
- Part 1: Determination of hexacyanoferratefll)
hexacyanoferrate(ll1) by spectrometry
Further parts are in preparation.
0 IS0 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 * Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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IS0 77664:1993(E)
Introduction
This part of IS0 7766 is one of a series devoted to the analysis of photo-
graphic wastes; it encompasses the field of analysis of complexed iron
cyanides (hexacyanoferrates) in photographic effluents.
Some of the chemicals specified in the test procedures are caustic, toxic,
or otherwise hazardous. Specific warning, caution and danger notices are
noted but, in addition, the normal precautions required during the per-
formance of any chemical procedure should be exercised at all times.
In the case of effluents, the photographic laboratory can best establish
conformity to regulations by appropriate chemical analysis. In some cases,
in-house analyses will be possible; often the use of an outside laboratory
will be required.
Complexed cyanides are used in the bleaching stage of colour photo-
graphic processing and it is, therefore, possible for the cyanide portion of
the resulting photographic effluent to reach a reportable level. Complexed
cyanides contribute to the total cyanides in those tests in which the sam-
ple preparation breaks down the complexed cyanides. It is the purpose
of this part of IS0 7766 to provide a method giving an independent esti-
mate of the cyanide present as complexes. Due to the chemical behaviour
of cyanide complexes, it is not possible to specify a single method for the
quantitative determination of complex cyanides in these effluents. This
part of IS0 7766 provides an analytical procedure for the determination
of the hexacyanoferrate complex.
The analysis of cyanide is covered in various aspects in the following
International Standards:
- IS0 6703-l :I 984, Water quality - Determination of cyanide -
Part I: Determination of total cyanide;
- IS0 6703-2: 1984, Water quality - Determination of cyanide -
Part 2: Determination of easily libera table cyanide;
d
- IS0 6703-4:1985, Water quality - Determination of cyanide -
Part 4: Determination of cyanide by diffusion at pH 6.
NOTES
1 Easily I iberatab le cyanides are defined as substances with cya nide groups and
a measura ble hydr .ocyanic acid vapour pre ssure at pH 4 and room temperature.
2 Cyanide diffuses as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) at room temperature from a sol-
ution at pH 6; the procedure determines cyanide from simple compounds of
cyanide and easily dissociated complexes.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 7766=1:1993(E)
- Processing wastes - Analysis of
Photography
cyanides -
Part 1:
Determination of hexacyanoferrate(II) and
hexacyanoferrate( I I I) by spectrometry
WARNING - Reagents and samples specified in this part of IS0 7766 contain cyanide. Although
the cyanide is in a complexed form, it is possible for toxic hydrogen cyanide gas to form if the
reagents are not treated correctly. Use these materials in a well-ventilated fume hood.
IS0 385-2:1984, Laboratory glassware - Burettes -
1 Scope
Part 2: Burettes for which no waiting time is
specified.
This part of IS0 7766 establishes a test method for
the determination of hexacyanoferrate(I I) (ferro-
IS0 648:1977, Laboratory glassware - One-mark
cyanide) and hexacyanoferrate(l II) (ferricyanide), re-
pipettes.
ferred to hereafter as Fe(CN),, in photographic
processing effluents? Results are reported as
IS0 835-l :1981, Laboratory glassware - Graduated
hexacyanoferrate, Fe(CN),.
pipettes - Part 1: General requirements.
IS0 835-2: 1981, Laboratory glassware - Graduated
Part 2: Pipettes for which no waiting time
pipettes -
2 Normative references
is specified.
The following standards contain provisions which,
IS0 835-3: 1981, Laboratory glassware - Graduated
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
pipettes - Part 3: Pipettes for which a waiting time +
of this part of IS0 7766. At the time of publication, the
of 15 s is specified.
editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject
to revision, and parties to agreements based on this
IS0 835-4: 1981, Laboratory glassware - Graduated
part of IS0 7766 are encouraged to investigate the
pipettes - Part 4: Blow-out pipettes.
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0
IS0 1042:1983, Laboratory glassware - One-mark
maintain registers of currently valid International
volumetric flasks.
Standards.
IS0 3696: 1987, Water for analytical laboratory use -
IS0 385-l : 1984, Laboratory glassware - Burettes -
Specification and test methods.
Part 1: General requirements.
1) Significant levels of thiosulfate (hypo) can result in interference. Significant levels of thiosulfate in processing-machine
effluents result in oxidation of the thiosulfate by iron(lll). Sulfur will form, increasing the absorbance of the test. Also, thiosulfate
may deplete the added iron(lll) leaving nothing for the colour reaction. The method is applicable to effluents from buildings
where the thiosulfate would be diluted by the rest of the building wastes and this would eliminate the interference.
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IS0 77664:1993(E)
IS0 4788: 1980, Laboratory glassware - Graduated
Employers shall provide training and health and
measuring cylinders 3. safety information in conformance with legal re-
quirements.
IS0 5667-l : 1980, Water quality - Sampling -
The hazard symbol system used in this part of
Part I: Guidance on the design of sampling pro-
IS0 7766 is intended to provide information to the
grammes.
users and is not meant for compliance with any legal
requirements for labelling as these vary from country
IS0 5667-2:1991, Water quality - Sampling -
to country.
Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques.
It is strongly recommended that anyone using
IS0 5667-3:1985, Water quality - Sampling -
these chemicals obtain from the manufacturer
Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of
pertinent information about the hazards, handl-
samples.
ing, use and disposal of these chemicals.
IS0 5725:1986, Precision of test methods - Deter-
mina tion of repeatability and reproducibility for a 3.2 Hazard information code system
standard test method by inter-laboratory tests.
Harmful if inhaled. Avoid breathing
IS0 6703-l : 1984, Water quality - Determination of dust, vapour, mist or gas. Use only
cyanide - Part 1: De termination of total cyanide. with adequate ventilation.
Harmful if contact occurs. Avoid con-
IS0 6703-2: 1984, Water quality - Determination of
tact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash
cyanide - Part 2: Determination of easily liberatable
thoroughly after handling.
cyanide.
Harmful if swallowed. Wash thor-
IS0 6703-4: 1985, Water quality - Determination of
oughly after handling. If swallowed,
cyanide - Part 4: Determination of cyanide by dif-
obtain medical attention immediately.
fusion at pH 6.
< > May be fatal if swallowed. If swal-
lowed, obtain medical attention im-
mediately.
3 Safety and hazards
Will burn. Keep away from heat,
sparks and open flame. Use with ad-
3.1 Hazard warnings
equate ventilation.*)
Oxidizer. Contact with other material
-co>
Some of the chemicals specified in the test pro-
may cause fire. Do not store near
cedures are caustic, toxic, or otherwise hazardous.
combustible materials.
Safe laboratory practice for the handling of chemicals
requires the use of safety glasses or goggles, rubber
gloves and other protective apparel such as face
3.3 Safety precautions
masks or aprons where appropriate. Specific danger
notices are given in the text and footnotes for par-
ALL PIPETTE OPERATIONS SHALL BE PER-
ticularly dangerous materials, but normal precautions
FORMED WITH A PIPETTE BULB OR PLUNGER
are required during the performance of any chemical
PIPETTE. Failure to observe this warning notice
procedure at all times. The first time that a hazardous
can result in cyanide poisoning. THIS IS A CRITI-
material is noted in the test procedure section, the
CAL SAFETY WARNING!
hazard will be indicated by the word “DANGER” fol-
lowed by a symbol consisting of angle brac
...
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