ISO 21349:2007
(Main)Space systems — Project reviews
Space systems — Project reviews
ISO 21349:2007 provides process requirements for project reviews as a set of required functions. The requirements and recommendations cover the function inputs, outputs, mechanisms, and controlling conditions. It is intended for use in implementing the review requirements of ISO 14300-1, ISO 14300-2, ISO 15865, and such other space systems and operations standards that require formal reviews. ISO 21349:2007 specifies the responsibilities of a review board and gives guidance concerning review board composition. ISO 21349:2007 is applicable to reviews for a project at any level within a larger project, as well as for major milestone reviews at the top level of a major project. It is intended to be used either by an independent developer as a basis for enterprise processes, or as a basis for an agreement between a supplier and a customer. ISO 21349:2007 also provides normative descriptions of the kinds of reviews that are commonly useful in assuring the success of a space project.
Systèmes spatiaux — Revue des projets
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21349
First edition
2007-07-15
Space systems — Project reviews
Systèmes spatiaux — Revue des projets
Reference number
ISO 21349:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 General.2
4.1 Purpose of a review.2
4.2 Process model .3
4.3 Review context.4
4.4 Preconditions for a review.5
5 Review process.6
5.1 Overview of required review functions.6
5.2 Initiate review process [1].7
5.3 Prepare and publish evidence [2] .9
5.4 Assess project status [3] .10
5.5 Conclude review [4].12
6 Reviews designated in ISO 14300-1.13
Annex A (informative) Main elements of the process diagrams .15
Annex B (informative) Other reviews .17
Bibliography .19
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 21349 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee
SC 14, Space systems and operations.
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
Introduction
Space systems are very complex, incorporating many different technologies. Space programmes can last for
many years, progressing through several different stages from conception to disposal or other disposition.
When a space programme advances from one stage to another, substantial changes in the type and amount
of resources required can occur. In addition, there may be attendant risks to either the success of the project
or to the well being of project equipment or to personnel. Well-regulated project reviews can be an important
factor in ensuring that all factors are ready for these changes, and that the risks are well understood and
accepted. Use of this International Standard as a basis for the activities comprising a review, their necessary
resources, controls, inputs and results is intended to enhance communication between different organizations
that participate in a review process, and to reduce the costs of planning and performing reviews.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21349:2007(E)
Space systems — Project reviews
1 Scope
This International Standard provides process requirements for project reviews as a set of required functions.
The requirements and recommendations cover the function inputs, outputs, mechanisms and controlling
conditions. It is intended for use in implementing the review requirements of ISO 14300-1, ISO 14300-2,
ISO 15865 and such other space systems and operations standards that require formal reviews.
This International Standard specifies the responsibilities of a review board and gives guidance concerning
review board composition.
This International Standard is applicable to reviews for a project at any level within a larger project, as well as
for major milestone reviews at the top level of a major project. It is intended to be used either by an
independent developer as a basis for enterprise processes, or as a basis for an agreement between a supplier
and a customer.
This International Standard also provides normative descriptions of the kinds of reviews that are commonly
useful in assuring the success of a space project.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14300-1:2001, Space systems — Programme management — Part 1: Structuring of a programme
ISO 17666, Space systems – Risk management
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
independent expert
person highly qualified in some aspect of the technical content of the project review who does not have a
personal conflict of interest concerning the outcome of the review
3.2
milestone
designated project status that indicates the amount of progress made toward project completion, or that
should be achieved before the project proceeds to a new phase
3.3
milestone criteria
observable facts that indicate a milestone has been reached
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
3.4
project data files
collection of requirements, specifications, plans, technical result documentation and all other project data that
serves to represent the project status
3.5
project decision authority
entity with authority to certify that the preconditions for a review are met, to initiate the review process, to
reach decisions on the review board recommendations and to cause the agreed project actions to be carried
out
3.6
project expert
person well acquainted with the project status and documentation and highly qualified in some area of the
technical content of the project review
3.7
project review team
body consisting of project experts, charged with preparing all evidence for the review and formulating
responses to action items
NOTE The best practice for conducting a review involves two separate teams of experts: the project review team and
the review board (3.8). The project review team is composed of persons well acquainted with the project, and is
responsible for assembling information concerning the actual status of the project.
3.8
review board
body, organized into sub-entities, as necessary, consisting of a review board chairperson or delegated person
and review board members, charged with evaluating the evidence of project status, along with identifying
issues and necessary corrective actions, to determine that the objectives and success criteria of a review
milestone have been met
NOTE The purpose of the review board is to prepare an objective evaluation of the project status. Achievement of an
objective evaluation is aided by use of independent experts who have no prior association with the project and no personal
conflict of interest with respect to the outcome of the review.
3.9
review board chairperson
leader of the review board, who approves the review policy, objectives, success criteria, organization of the
review board and nomination of review board members
3.10
review board member
independent expert, sometimes termed a subject matter expert, who is a participant in the review board
3.11
review policy
policy that provides either requirements or guidance (or both) for the overall conduct of the review
4 General
4.1 Purpose of a review
The purpose of a project review is to establish whether or not the project has reached a defined project
milestone and to identify specific actions necessary for the project to proceed to the next phase.
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
NOTE The flow of activities to achieve this purpose is one of identifying the participants and the plan, preparing the
evidence of the project status, evaluating the evidence relative to milestone criteria, followed by preparation of specific
recommendations based on the evaluation and performing actions identified by the review.
Typical milestones and their relation to space project phases are defined in ISO 14300-1, and in Clause 6 of
this International Standard.
4.2 Process model
4.2.1 Function hierarchy
The project review process is presented in the framework of a model using the syntax and semantics in
IEEE Std. 1320.1-1998. This model identifies the necessary functions to be performed in terms of the function
name and purpose, its inputs, outputs, mechanisms and controls. For reference, the essential features of the
modelling syntax and semantics used in this International Standard are summarized in Annex A. This
International Standard uses the diagrammatic portion of IEEE Std. 1320.1-1998 as a framework and does not
claim full compliance with IEEE Std. 1320.1-1998.
For clarity in communicating the relationships between the review functions, the model is construed as a
three-level hierarchy of functions, as shown in Figure 1. This hierarchy can be used for guidance in planning
reviews; but for a conforming application of this International Standard, use of this hierarchy to represent the
process is not required.
In a conforming application, the twelve functions at the third level of the hierarchy of Figure 1 shall be
implemented. Detailed requirements and guidance for these functions are given in Clause 5.
Figure 1 — Function hierarchy
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
4.2.2 Co-ordination of functions
A function may be performed concurrently with any other function and in any order that is appropriate, so long
as the necessary inputs, controls and mechanisms are in place for the performance of the function. The
performance of a function may be interrupted if this is appropriate, for example, because of resource conflicts.
In many cases the inputs, outputs and controls can consist of many increments of data or other material that
are available at distributed times. Similarly, not all personnel participating in implementing a function are
needed for the production of some specific increment of output. In these cases, outputs may be produced
incrementally, rather than held until the total output has been completed.
4.3 Review context
The review context, corresponding to level 0 of Figure 1, is shown in Figure 2. The central box represents the
function performed by the complete review process. The function of the review process, as stated in 4.1, is to
evaluate project status relative to a specified project milestone. For the purposes of the diagram, this is
abbreviated to “Evaluate project status”. The incoming arrows at the top and bottom, and on the left of the
function box represent necessary preconditions for the review to be performed. Specifically,
a) the review process is controlled by the project review policy and the milestone criteria;
b) the input to the review process is the total set of project data files; and
c) the mechanism for performing the review process includes
1) available independent experts,
2) available project experts, and
3) the project decision authority.
Requirements for these preconditions are given in 4.4.
The concrete result of the review is an agreed report of conclusions, recommendations and action items, and
an approved plan for resolving any remaining problems. These outputs are shown on the right of the function
box in Figure 2. Requirements for these outputs are given in 5.5.
Every model is an abstraction and includes only factors that are important from a certain viewpoint. The
review process model used in this International Standard uses the viewpoint of project management.
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ISO 21349:2007(E)
Figure 2 — Context diagram for the top-level function “Evaluate project status”
4.4 Preconditions for a review
4.4.1 General preconditions
4.4.1.1 Project review policy
The project shall have a review policy. Factors that should be considered for inclusion in the review policy
include the following:
a) selection of review board chairperson and review board members;
b) qualifications of review board members;
c) number of review board members and distribution of technical expertise;
d) style, format and medium of review publications, presentations and responses;
e) rules of order for conduct of meetings;
f) rules and procedures for the review board to reach recommendations;
g) rules and procedures for reaching decisions which involve both the project decision authority and the
review board;
h) selection of members of the project review team; and
i) establishment of a review plan.
4.4.1.2 Project decision authority
The project decision authority for the review shall be identified.
The project decision authority may be a single individual or a group of individuals that can reach a decision by
vote, consensus or some other established method.
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In a project carried out under a contract between two or more parties, the contract should define the project
decision authority for each review or type of review.
NOTE The project decision authority can, depending on the terms of a contract, include representatives of the
customer, the supplier, or both the customer and the supplier. In the case of internal reviews, it can consist solely of
representatives of the supplier.
4.4.1.3 Milestone criteria
The project shall have measurable criteria for assessing whether or not a milestone has been reached. These
criteria shall include
⎯ identification of technical achievements, and
⎯ specification of how each technical achievement is to be evaluated for completeness and correctness.
4.4.2 Specific preconditions
4.4.2.1 Milestone criteria
A project can have internal progress reviews that result in changes in the overall project plan and changes in
the specific milestone criteria. Such changes can also result from prior milestone review action items.
Replanning can also result from a variety of other factors. The project decision authority should confirm that
milestone criteria to be used for the review are valid, taking into account any replanning that has occurred.
4.4.2.2 Technical preconditions
Conducting of the review depends on technical evidence. Examples of such evidence include test results,
simulation results, trade-off studies, equipment inspections and analyses. The project decision authority
should ensure that evidence appropriate to the milestone exists in the project data files and should receive
assurance that project personnel believe this evidence will support an assessment that the milestone has
been achieved.
4.4.2.3 Certification of precon
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