ISO 1170:2008
(Main)Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
ISO 1170:2008 gives equations that allow analytical data relating to coal and coke to be expressed on the various different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be applied to certain determined values for coal prior to their calculation to other bases.
Charbon et coke — Calculs pour les analyses par rapport à différentes bases
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1170
Second edition
2008-10-15
Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses
to different bases
Charbon et coke — Calculs pour les analyses par rapport à différentes
bases
Reference number
ISO 1170:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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ISO 1170:2008(E)
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ISO 1170:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Principle.1
4 Symbols .1
5 Calculations for coal analyses .2
5.1 Introduction.2
5.2 Procedure .2
5.3 Carbon .2
5.4 Hydrogen .3
5.5 Nitrogen .3
5.6 Sulfur.3
5.7 Oxygen.3
5.8 Chlorine .4
5.9 Volatile matter .4
5.10 Net calorific value .4
6 Calculations for coke analyses .4
7 Table for calculation to different bases.5
Annex A (normative) Mineral matter .6
Bibliography .7
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ISO 1170:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1170 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5,
Methods of analysis.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1170:1977), which has been technically
revised.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1170:2008(E)
Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
1 Scope
This International Standard gives equations that allow analytical data relating to coal and coke to be
expressed on the various different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be
applied to certain determined values for coal prior to their calculation to other bases.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 602, Coal — Determination of mineral matter
ISO 17247, Coal — Ultimate analysis
3 Principle
In order to convert an analytical result expressed on one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a factor
calculated from the appropriate formulae (see Table 1) after insertion of the requisite numerical values.
4 Symbols
The symbols employed in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with suffixes (separated by a dot) “ad” (air-
dried), “ar” (as-received), “d” (dry), “daf” (dry, ash-free) or “dmmf” (dry, mineral-matter-free) where
appropriate.
w ash, expressed as percent mass fraction
A
w carbon content, expressed as percent mass fraction
C
w chlorine content, expressed as percent mass fraction
Cl
w inorganic chlorine content, expressed as percent mass fraction
Cl.inorg
w carbon dioxide content, expressed as percent mass fraction
CO2
w hydrogen content, excluding hydrogen in the moisture, but including the hydrogen from water of
H
hydration in minerals, expressed as percent mass fraction
w moisture content, expressed as percent mass fraction
H2O
w water of hydration in the mineral matter, expressed as percent mass fraction
h
w mineral matter content, expressed as percent mass fraction (see Annex A)
MM
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ISO 1170:2008(E)
w nitrogen content, expressed as percent mass fraction
N
w oxygen content, excluding oxygen in the moisture but including the oxygen from water of
O
hydration in minerals, expressed as percent mass fraction
w organic sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction
S,o
w pyritic sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction
S,p
w sulfate sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction
S,s
w total sulfur content, expressed as percent mass fraction
S,T
w volatile matter content, expressed as percent mass fraction
V
F national correction factor for the estimation of the inorganic chlorine content
Cl
F national correction factor for the estimation of water of hydration
h
F national correction factor for the estimation of the mineral matter (see Annex A)
MM
5 Calculations for coal analyses
5.1 Introduction
In International Standards covering the analysis of coal, it is generally specified that the determination shall be
carried out on an air-dried test sample. However, in making use of these analyses, it is sometimes necessary
to express or report the results on some other basis. The bases in common use are “air-dried”, “as-received”,
“dry”, “dry, ash-free”, and “dry, mineral-matter-free”.
5.2 Procedure
Any analytical value (except net calorific value) on a particular basis may be converted to any other basis by
multiplying it by the appropriate factor calculated from the formulae given in Table 1, after insertion of the
requisite numerical values for the symbols (for determination of moisture, see ISO 589 and ISO 11722; for
ash, see ISO 1171). However, in some determinations, there is a direct involvement of the mineral matter and,
in these cases, it is essential to apply a correction to the air-dried result prior to its calculation to the dry,
mineral-matter-free basis. This correction is dependent on the nature, as well as the quantity, of the mineral
matter present and, for any given sample, the formula recommended by the national standards organization of
the country of origin of the sample should be used and should be quoted in full, together with the analysis. All
the determinations that may be expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis are considered individually
below.
If it is necessary to calculate an analytical result expressed on the dry, mineral-matter-free basis back to any
other basis, then it is essential that any correction deducted during the application of any Equations (1) to (10)
inclusive be added back to the dry, mineral-matter-free value before applying the appropriate formula from
Table 1.
5.3 Carbon
...
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