ISO/TS 17574:2009
(Main)Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for security protection profiles
Electronic fee collection - Guidelines for security protection profiles
ISO/TS 17574:2009 provides a guideline for preparation and evaluation of security requirements specifications, referred to as Protection Profiles (PP) in the ISO/IEC 15408 series and in ISO/IEC TR 15446. By a Protection Profile (PP) is meant a set of security requirements for a category of products or systems that meet specific needs. A typical example would be a PP for On-Board Equipment (OBEs) to be used in an EFC system. ISO/TS 17574:2009 should be read in conjunction with the underlying standards ISO/IEC 15408 and ISO/IEC TR 15446. Although a layman could read the first part of the document to have an overview on how to prepare a Protection Profile for EFC equipment, the annexes, in particular A.4 and A.5, require that the reader be familiar with ISO/IEC 15408. The document uses an OBE with an integrated circuit(s) card (ICC) as an example to describe both the structure of the PP as well as the proposed content.
Perception de télépéage - Lignes directrices concernant les profils de protection de la sécurité
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 17574
Second edition
2009-09-15
Electronic fee collection — Guidelines
for security protection profiles
Perception de télépéage — Lignes directrices concernant les profils
de protection de la sécurité
Reference number
ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions. 5
4 Abbreviations . 8
5 Outlines of Protection Profile . 9
5.1 Structure . 9
5.2 Context. 9
Annex A (informative) Procedures for preparing documents. 11
Annex B (informative) Example of threat analysis evaluation method. 43
Annex C (informative) Abstract from Definition of threats and security controls for the Charging
Interface in Electronic Fee Collection. 46
Annex D (informative) Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement (CCRA). 58
Bibliography . 60
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 17574:2009 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 278 Road Transport and Traffic Telematics in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 17574:2004) which has been technically
revised.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Introduction
Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) systems are subject to several ways of fraud both by users and operators but
also from people outside the system. These security threats have to be met by different types of security
measures including security requirements specifications.
It is recommended that EFC operators or national organizations, e.g. highway authorities or transport
ministries, use the guideline provided by this Technical Specification to prepare their own EFC/PP, as security
requirements should be described from the standpoint of the operators and/or operators', organizations.
It should be noted that this Technical Specification is of a more informative than normative nature and it
cannot be used without also using the ISO/IEC 15408 series. Most of the content of this Technical
Specification is an example shown in Annex A on how to prepare the security requirements for EFC
equipment, in this case a DSRC based OBE with an IC-card loaded with crucial data needed for the EFC. The
example refers to a Japanese national EFC system and should only be regarded and used as an example.
After an EFC/PP is prepared, it can be internationally registered by the organization that prepared the EFC/PP
so that other operators or countries that want to develop their EFC system security services can refer to an
already registered EFC/PP.
This EFC related standard on security service framework and EFC/PP is based on the ISO/IEC 15408 series.
ISO/IEC 15408 includes a set of requirements for the security functions and assurance of IT relevant products
and systems. Operators, organizations or authorities defining their own EFC/PP can use these requirements.
This will be similar to the different PPs registered by several financial institutions, e.g. for payment instruments
like IC-cards.
The products and systems that were developed in accordance with ISO/IEC 15408, can be publicly assured
by the authentication of the government or designated private evaluation agencies.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Electronic fee collection — Guidelines for security protection
profiles
1 Scope
This Technical Specification provides a guideline for preparation and evaluation of security requirements
specifications, referred to as Protection Profiles (PP) in the ISO/IEC 15408 series and in ISO/IEC TR 15446.
By a Protection Profile (PP) is meant a set of security requirements for a category of products or systems that
meet specific needs. A typical example would be a PP for On-Board Equipment (OBEs) to be used in an EFC
system.
This Technical Specification should be read in conjunction with the underlying standards ISO/IEC 15408 and
ISO/IEC TR 15446. Although a layman could read the first part of the document to have an overview on how
to prepare a Protection Profile for EFC equipment, the annexes, in particular A.4 and A.5, require that the
reader be familiar with ISO/IEC 15408. The document uses an OBE with an integrated circuit(s) card (ICC) as
an example to describe both the structure of the PP as well as the proposed content.
Figure 1 shows how this document fits in the overall picture of EFC security architecture. The shaded boxes
are the aspects mostly related to the preparation of PPs for EFC systems.
Operator’s and user’s domain
Legal and Data
Data protection needs and
institutional protection
objectives
framework awareness
Threats
Reassess
Data protection
policy
Risk analysis
Probabilty
Impact
Data protection
requirements
Evaluate
System domain
Data protection
measures
Application
domain’s
Costs
Audit
requirements
and
constraints
Implementation
Figure 1 — Overall view of security architecture
The main purpose of a PP is to analyse the security environment of a subject and then to specify the
requirements meeting the threats that are the output of the security environment analysis. The subject studied
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
is called the target of evaluation (TOE). In this document, an OBE with an ICC is used as an example of the
TOE.
The preparatory work of EFC/PP consists of the steps shown in Figure 2 (in line with the contents described in
Clause 5).
1. Prepare an introduction
2. Prepare a description of the TOE, e.g. an entity or an interface, and state the need
and/or security problem to be addressed.
3. Prepare a description of the Security Environments of the TOE in which the threat
analysis and security policies must be described concretely
4. Prepare Security Objectives giving information on how
and to what extent the security needs are to be met
5. Prepare security functional requirements and assurance requirements using requirements for the
security functions provided in ISO/IEC 15408. The security functional requirements explain what must be
done by the TOE and the environment of the TOE to meet the security objectives. The assurance
requirements explain the degree of confidence expected in the security functions of the TOE
6. Prepare a Rationale in which Security Objectives and
Security Requirements should be checked
Figure 2 — The process of preparing a Protection Profile for EFC equipment
A PP may be registered publicly by the entity preparing the PP in order to make it known and available to
other parties that may use the same PP for their own EFC systems.
By a Security Target (ST) is meant a set of security requirements and specifications to be used as the basis
for evaluation of an identified TOE. While the PP could be looked upon as the EFC operator requirements the
ST could be looked upon as the documentation of a supplier as for the compliance with and fulfilment of the
PP for the TOE, e.g. an OBE.
Figure 3 shows a simplified picture and example of the relationships between the EFC operator, the EFC
equipment supplier and an evaluator. For an international registry organization, i.e. Common Criteria
Recognition Arrangement (CCRA) and current registered PPs, please refer to Annex D.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
International registrar
register applied PP for
OBEs internationally
A toll service provider A toll service provider
National registrar
prepares a PP for OBEs to May register his PP for OBEs to register applied PP
be provided to his customers be provided to his customers for OBEs
Another toll
service provider
An evaluator
An OBE supplier may use the PP for OBEs
to be provided by himself
- evaluates the PP for an OBE
Prepares an ST for his OBEs
- may confirm the ST compliance
with the PP
An OBE supplier
Designs and manufactures
OBEs based on his ST
Figure 3 — Relationships between operators, suppliers and evaluators
The ST is similar to the PP, except that it contains additional implementation-specific information detailing how
the security requirements are realised in a particular product or system. Hence, the ST includes the following
parts not found in a PP:
⎯ a TOE summary specification that presents the TOE-specific security functions and assurance measures;
⎯ an optional PP claims the portion that explains PPs with which the ST is claimed to be conformant (if
any);
⎯ a rationale containing additional evidence establishing that the TOE summary specifications ensure
satisfaction of the implementation-independent requirements, and that claims about PP conformance are
satisfied;
⎯ actual security functions of EFC products will be designed based on this ST; see example in Figure 4.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Example:
ST for EFC OBE
1. Introduction
2. TOE
3. Security environments
Select requirements of
ISO/IEC
4. Security objectives
security functions and
15408 5. Security requirements
assurance
6. Security specification /
Development method
7. Rationale
Example:
PP for EFC OBE
1. Introduction
2. TOE
3. Security environments
Design/manufacture/manage
4. Security objectives
5. Security requirements
6. Rationale
Authentication /Registration
Application
Authenticated EFC OBE
Application agency
in accordance with PP
Protection profile database
Figure 4 — Example of design based on a PP
TOE for EFC is limited to EFC specific roles and interfaces shown in Figure 5. Since the existing financial
security standards and criteria are applicable to other external roles and interfaces, they are assumed to be
outside the scope of TOE for EFC.
Overall management
of the toll charging
environment
Provision of the Charging of the toll
EFC service
Use of the service
Figure 5 — Scope of TOE for EFC
The security evaluation is performed by assessing the security related properties of roles, entities and
interfaces defined in STs, as opposed to assessing complete processes which often are distributed over more
entities and interfaces than those covered by the TOE of this CEN/ISO Technical Specification.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
NOTE Assessing security issues for complete processes is a complimentary approach, which may well be beneficial
to apply when evaluating the security of a system.
In Annex A, the guideline for preparing EFC/PP is described by using an OBE as an example of EFC products.
The crucial communication link (between the OBE and the RSE) is based on DSRC.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15408-1, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security —
Part 1: Introduction and general model
ISO/IEC 15408-2, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security —
Part 2: Security functional requirements
ISO/IEC 15408-3:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Evaluation criteria for IT security —
Part 3: Security assurance requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
assurance requirement
security requirements to assure confidence in the implementation of functional requirements
3.2
audit
recognising errors such as illicit systems and/or illicit access and recording and analysing information related
to security relevant activities and events in order to attain proper security control in accordance with security
policy
3.3
availability
dependability with respect to readiness for usage and a measure of correct service delivery based on the
alternation of correct and incorrect service
3.4
Central Communication Unit
part of the central equipment serving as a mobile communication interface to the OBE
3.5
central equipment
system components at fixed centralized locations
NOTE Central equipment is not the same as central system. Central equipment is used in the GNSS/CN based EFC
system.
3.6
certification
action by a third party, demonstrating that adequate confidence be provided that a duly identified product,
process or service is in conformity with a specific standard or other normative document
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
3.7
confidentiality
prevention of information leakage to non-authenticated individuals, parties and/or processes
3.8
customer
〈of a toll service provider〉 person or legal entity that uses the service of a toll service provider
NOTE Depending on the local situation the customer may be the owner, lessor, lessee, keeper, (fleet) operator,
holder of the vehicle's registration certificate, driver of the vehicle, or any other third person.
3.9
Evaluation Assurance Level
EAL
assurance levels to evaluate securities for products and systems
3.10
functional requirement
security requirements to determine the security functions, which are required for systems and/or products
3.11
integrity
property that information (data) has (have) not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner
3.12
international registrar
company authorized to register Protection Profiles at an international level
3.13
Key Management
Encryption Key Control
generation, distribution, storage, application and deletion of encryption keys
3.14
On-Board Equipment
OBE
equipment fitted within or on the outside of a vehicle and used for toll purposes
NOTE The OBE does not need to include payment means.
3.15
personalization card
set-up card
IC card to transcribe individual data such as vehicle information into On-Board Equipment
3.16
privacy
right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may be collected and stored and by
whom and to whom that information may be disclosed
3.17
protection
act of protecting, or the state of being protected
EXAMPLE Preservation from loss, theft, damage or unauthorized access.
3.18
rationale
verification
process determining that a product of each phase of the system life cycle development process fulfils all the
requirements specified in the previous phase
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
3.19
reliability
attribute of any system that consistently produces the same results, preferably meeting or exceeding its
specifications
3.20
responsibility
state of being responsible, accountable or answerable, as for an entity, function, system, security service or
obligation
3.21
road side equipment
RSE
equipment located at a fixed position along the road transport network, for the purpose of communication and
data exchanges with the On-Board Equipment of passing vehicles.
3.22
secure application module
SAM
physically, electrically and logically protected module intended to contain algorithm(s), related keys, security
procedures and information to protect an application in such a way that unauthorized access is not possible
3.23
security policy
set of rules that regulate how to cope with security threats or to what degree of security levels should be kept
3.24
security threat
potential action or manner to violate security systems
3.25
security target
ST
set of security requirements and specifications to be used as the basis for evaluation of an identified TOE
3.26
target of evaluation
TOE
information security product or system for the subject of security evaluation
3.27
toll charger
legal entity charging a toll for vehicles in a toll domain
NOTE In other documents the terms operator or toll operator can be used.
3.28
toll service provider
legal entity providing to his customers toll services on one or more toll domains for one or more classes of
vehicle
NOTE 1 In other documents the terms issuer or contract issuer might be used.
NOTE 2 The toll service provider can provide the OBE or might provide only a magnetic card or a smart card to be
used with an OBE provided by a third party (like a mobile telephone and a SIM card can be obtained from different parties).
NOTE 3 The toll service provider is responsible for the operation (functioning) of the OBE.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
3.29
validity
quality or state of being valid; having legal force
4 Abbreviations
⎯ CC Common Criteria
⎯ CCRA Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement
⎯ CN Cellular Networks
⎯ DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication
⎯ EAL Evaluation Assurance Level
⎯ EFC Electronic Fee Collection
⎯ GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
⎯ HMI Human Machine Interface
⎯ I/F Interface
⎯ ICC Integrated Circuit(s) Card
⎯ IT Information Technology
⎯ OBE On-Board Equipment
⎯ PP Protection Profile
⎯ RSE Road Side Equipment
⎯ SAM Secure Application Module
⎯ SFP Security Function Policy
⎯ SOF Strength of Function
⎯ ST Security Target
⎯ TOE Target of Evaluation
⎯ TSF TOE Security Functions
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
5 Outlines of Protection Profile
5.1 Structure
The content of a Protection Profile for a part or interface of an EFC system is shown in Figure 6.
6. Rationale
5. Security
requirements
4. Security
objectives
3. Security
environment
2. Target of
evaluation
1. Introduction
NN EFC
system
Protection
Profile for….
Figure 6 — Content of a Protection Profile
5.2 Context
Guidelines for preparing PP are as follows:
a) Introduction (See Clause A.1).
b) Target of Evaluation (TOE, See Clause A.2).
The scope of the TOE shall be specified.
c) Security environments (See Clause A.3).
Development, operation and control methods of the TOE are described in order to clarify the
working/operation requirements. Regarding these requirements, IT assets, for which the TOE must be
protected, and the security threats to which the TOE is exposed, shall be specified.
d) Security objectives (See Clause A.4).
Security policies for threats to the TOE are determined. The policies are divided into technical policy and
operational/control policy.
Security objectives should be consistent with the operational aim or product purpose of the TOE.
Operational/control policy is defined as personnel and physical objectives in the status for which the TOE is
used or operated. The operational/control policy includes control and operational rules for operators.
e) Security requirements (See Clause A.5).
In accordance with the security objectives defined in Clause A.4, concrete security requirements for security
threats stated in Clause A.3 are specified. The security requirements consist of functional requirements
(technical requirements) and assurance requirements for security quality.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Functional requirements are provided selecting necessary requirements from ISO/IEC 15408-2 and
determining parameters.
Regarding assurance requirements, assurance requirements designated in ISO/IEC 15408-3 are adopted by
determining evaluation levels for assurance requirements, which are provided in ISO/IEC 15408-2 and
ISO/IEC 15408-3.
f) Rationale of justification/effectiveness (See Clause A.6).
The contents of PP are checked when necessary and cover security requirements for the TOE. The checked
items are as follows:
1) all security environments needed are covered;
2) security objectives should completely meet the security environments;
3) security requirements should implement security objectives.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Procedures for preparing documents
A.1 Introduction
A.1.1 General
A general outline of the document for Protection Profile (PP) is described.
It should be noted that this clause is informative in nature. Most of the content is an example on how to
prepare the security requirements for EFC equipment, in this case an OBE with a smart card (ICC) loaded
with crucial data needed for the Electronic Fee Collection.
NOTE The examples are only that and nothing more.
A.1.2 Identification information
Identification information for the document is as follows:
a) document title;
b) version/release number;
c) preparation date;
d) prepared by.
EXAMPLE Identification information:
1) document title: EFC On-Board Equipment Security Protection Profile;
2) reference/version number: 1.0;
3) preparation date: 2002-10-20;
4) prepared by: ABC Association.
A.1.3 Target of evaluation (TOE) description
TOE is identified as follows:
a) product;
b) version/release number;
c) developer.
EXAMPLE TOE description:
1) product: EFC On-Board equipment;
2) version/release number: 1.0;
3) developer: ABC Co., Ltd.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
A.1.4 Accordance with the ISO/IEC 15408 series
The prepared “Protection Profile” in accordance with ISO/IEC 15408 is stated explicitly.
The version and preparation data of referenced ISO/IEC15408 documents are also stated.
EXAMPLE ISO/IEC 15408 conformance statement according to:
⎯ ISO/IEC 15408-1 Second Edition 2005-09-22
⎯ ISO/IEC 15408-2 Third Edition 2008-08-19
⎯ ISO/IEC 15408-3 Third Edition 2008-08-19
A.1.5 Outline of TOE
A.1.5.1 Classification of TOE
EXAMPLE
1.4.1 Classification of TOE
EFC On-Board Equipments
A.1.5.2 TOE functional outline
For users of security “Protection Profile”, the types of device described in “Protection Profile” are described
explicitly to help them determine the application.
EXAMPLE
1.4.2 TOE functional outline (OBE for EFC system)
The functional outline is as follows.
a) EFC function:
1) mutual authentication with IC card;
2) transcription (caching) of IC card data to OBE;
3) encryption of radio communication with RSE;
4) assurance of message integrity;
5) mutual authentication with RSE;
6) storage of secured information (encryption key) used in OBE during EFC transaction.
b) Set-up function:
1) authentication of set-up card;
2) caching of vehicle information from IC card to OBE.
c) HMI function:
1) report of EFC billing results to users;
2) guidance of EFC lane.
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ISO/TS 17574:2009(E)
A.1.5.3 Evaluation Assurance Level (EAL)
Evaluation Assurance Levels for objectives are selected. Each EAL defines a package consisting of
assurance components and determines the degree of assurance requirements on security systems. The
justification for the selected EAL is stated.
EXAMPLE
A.1.5.3 EFC OBE (EAL is 5)
OBE functions as equipment for e-Commerce in EFC transactions. The security systems of EFC OBE are vulnerable to
attack under the control of individual users. Therefore, a high assurance level (EAL) will be required for EFC OBE.
A.2 Target of Evaluation (TOE)
A.2.1 TOE objectives and methodology
A.2.1.1 TOE use objectives
The following indicates objectives for TOE use and the type of environment in which it is used.
EXAMPLE EFC members (users) use the EFC system at tollgates by inserting the IC card with EFC member
contract information for settlement. Vehicle information such as an automobile inspection certification is stored in OBE
beforehand. For storin
...
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