ISO 18893:2014
(Main)Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation
Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles, inspection, maintenance and operation
ISO 18893:2014 applies to all mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) that are intended to position persons, tools and materials and which, as a minimum, consists of a work platform with controls, an extending structure and a chassis. The technical safety requirements of this International Standard apply except where national or local regulations are more stringent. For related information, see ISO 16368. This International Standard applies to MEWPs to achieve the following objectives: a) prevention of personal injuries, property damage, and accidents; b) establishment of criteria for inspection, maintenance, and operation.
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel — Principes de sécurité, inspection, entretien, mise en oeuvre et utilisation
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18893
Second edition
2014-04-15
Mobile elevating work platforms —
Safety principles, inspection,
maintenance and operation
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel — Principes de
sécurité, inspection, entretien, mise en oeuvre et utilisation
Reference number
ISO 18893:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 2
4.1 Basic principles. 2
4.2 System of work . 3
4.3 Manuals (handbooks) . 3
4.4 Record retention . 4
4.5 Modifications . 4
5 Maintenance . 4
5.1 Preventive maintenance . 4
5.2 Maintenance inspections. 4
5.3 Maintenance personnel training . 6
5.4 Maintenance and repair safety precautions . 6
5.5 Replacement parts . 7
5.6 Manufacturer’s safety bulletins . 7
6 Operation . 7
6.1 Planning . 7
6.2 Operator training . 9
6.3 Familiarization . 9
6.4 Assistance to operators . 9
6.5 Before operation . 9
6.6 Work place inspection .10
6.7 Understanding of hazardous locations .10
6.8 Specific requirements of operation .10
Annex A (informative) Pictograms of MEWP misuse .18
Bibliography .24
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 214, Elevating work platforms.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18893:2004), which has been technically
revised.
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ISO/TC 214 as part of its program
of work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance
requirements and risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance, and operation for
elevating work platforms used to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and
materials).
Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are machines/devices which provide protection from falling
when working at height.
The entities with responsibilities related to safe use of a MEWP are established by law in some countries.
This International Standard provides guidance in the identification of those responsible.
The responsibility for safe operation of a MEWP lies with employers, managers, supervisors, operators,
and others using these machines/devices. This International Standard provides requirements so that
appropriate MEWPs are selected for use and positioned, used, maintained, and examined for safe use.
The safe operation of a MEWP requires the use of competent authorized persons and trained operators
(see ISO 18878).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18893:2014(E)
Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles,
inspection, maintenance and operation
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to all mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) that are intended
to position persons, tools and materials and which, as a minimum, consists of a work platform with
controls, an extending structure and a chassis.
The technical safety requirements of this International Standard apply except where national or local
regulations are more stringent.
For related information, see ISO 16368.
This International Standard applies to MEWPs to achieve the following objectives:
a) prevention of personal injuries, property damage, and accidents;
b) establishment of criteria for inspection, maintenance, and operation.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16368, Mobile elevating work platforms — Design, calculations, safety requirements and test methods
ISO 18878, Mobile elevating work platforms — Operator (driver) training
IEC/TS 61813, Live working — Care, maintenance and in-service testing of aerial devices with insulating
booms
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16368 and ISO 18878 and the
following apply.
3.1
authorized person
person approved or assigned to perform a specific type of duty or duties at a specific location or locations
at a work site
3.2
configuration
all positions in which a MEWP, chassis, extending structure, or work platform can be placed within
intended operating limits, including creating variable rated loads
3.3
working envelope
space in which a work platform is designed to work within the specified loads and forces, under normal
operation conditions
Note 1 to entry: A MEWP can have more than one working envelope.
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
3.4
delivery
transfer of custody, care, and control of a MEWP from a person or entity to another person or entity
3.5
maintenance
act of upkeep such as inspection, lubrication, refuelling, cleaning, adjustment, and scheduled parts
replacement
3.6
modification
change(s) or addition(s) to a MEWP as originally manufactured which affects the operation, stability,
safety factors, rated load, or safety of the MEWP
3.7
operation
performance of functions of a MEWP within the scope of its specifications and in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, work rules, and applicable governmental regulations
3.8
operator
person who controls the operation of a MEWP
3.9
repair
act of restoring to good condition that which has been broken, damaged, or worn due to use, abuse, or
other reasons
3.10
qualified person
person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or by extensive
knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve
problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project
3.11
safety-related bulletin
publication from the manufacturer of a MEWP that requires attention to ensure safe operation of the
MEWP
3.12
stable
condition wherein the MEWP does not overturn, described technically as the condition in which the
sum of the moments acting to overturn a MEWP is less than the sum of the moments tending to resist
overturning
4 General requirements
4.1 Basic principles
The information in this International Standard shall be supplemented by good job management, safety
control, and the application of sound principles of safety, training, inspection, maintenance, repair,
application, and operation. All data available regarding the parameters of intended use and expected
environment shall be considered. Those with direct control over the application and operation of MEWPs
shall be responsible for the conformance with good safety practices. Decisions on the use and operation
of the MEWPs shall always be made with due consideration for the fact that the machine will be carrying
persons whose safety is dependent on those decisions as well as others in the operating vicinity.
The operation of any MEWP is subject to certain hazards that can be protected against only by the
exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense and not by any device. It is essential to have qualified,
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
careful persons trained (see ISO 18878) in the intended use, safe operation, maintenance, and service of
this type of equipment.
The operation of any MEWP used for working on energized conductors shall conform to the requirements
of this International Standard and the requirements of IEC/TS 61813.
It is an essential requirement that:
a) the selection, positioning, operation, maintenance, and frequent and annual inspections of a MEWP
are properly planned, appropriately supervised, and carried out in a safe manner;
b) having identified the hazards associated with the use of a MEWP, the qualified person evaluates the
risks associated with these hazards and puts appropriate control measures in place as identified
during the evaluation;
c) all MEWP operators be trained in accordance with ISO 18878;
d) all MEWP maintenance work be performed by a qualified person; and
e) all MEWP repair work shall be performed by a qualified person.
4.2 System of work
The system of work shall be created by the employer or user and shall include the following:
a) planning of the operation, including procedures for the recovery of persons and/or the machine in
the event of an emergency (see 6.1.2.8);
b) selection, provision, and use of a suitable MEWP and work equipment associated with it;
c) preparation and maintenance of the site, as required, for use of the MEWP;
d) MEWP maintenance, including inspection(s) and repairs as recommended by the manufacturer;
e) properly trained personnel authorized to operate the MEWP;
f) prior to the start of work, familiarization of the MEWP operator with the specific machine to be
used, including any local site requirements, warning of the hazards in the areas where the MEWP
will be operated;
g) monitoring of the performance and supervision of the work of the operator to ensure compliance
with provisions of this International Standard;
h) prevention of unauthorized use of the MEWP;
i) safety of persons not involved in the operation of the MEWP; and
j) documentation of activities required by this International Standard.
4.3 Manuals (handbooks)
The manufacturer’s information which is intended to be readily available and which is necessary for the
operation and daily inspection/maintenance of the MEWP shall be provided with each rental, lease, or
sale delivery. The manufacturer’s maintenance information shall be made available for use by trained
personnel of the entity responsible for maintaining the MEWP.
The user/employer shall make sure that the operator is capable of reading and understanding the
manuals (handbooks) provided by the manufacturer.
In case the manufacturer no longer exists, and the manufacturer’s manuals (handbooks) are not available
from other sources, the replacement manuals (handbooks) shall be provided by a qualified person.
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
4.4 Record retention
The following records shall be created and retained by the entity responsible (owner) for each MEWP.
All records included under items b) and c) below shall be transferred to the new owner of the MEWP in
conjunction with delivery.
a) Name and address of each owner of a MEWP by serial number and date of delivery shall be retained
for a minimum of three years after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed
from service.
b) Written records of the pre-delivery, frequent, and annual inspections on the MEWP shall include
the date of inspection, deficiencies found, corrective action accomplished, and identification of the
person(s) performing the inspection. These records shall be retained for a minimum of three years
after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed from service.
c) Written records of all repairs, manufacturer recalls, upgrades, and approved modifications
accomplished on the MEWP shall include the date work is completed, a description of the work
accomplished, and identification of the person(s) performing the repair. These records shall be
retained for a minimum of three years after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently
removed from service.
4.5 Modifications
Modifications, additions, or alterations to a MEWP, or the fabrication or attaching of any framework or
mounting of any attachments for holding tools or materials onto the platform or the guardrail system
shall be made only with prior written permission of the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer no
longer exists, modifications to MEWP shall be made in accordance with the instructions from a qualified
person.
NOTE CE-approved MEWPs that have been modified might require re-certification.
5 Maintenance
5.1 Preventive maintenance
A preventive maintenance programme shall be established in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations. The preventive maintenance programme shall be increased based on the
environment and severity of use of the MEWP. The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be the
minimum requirements.
The preventive maintenance programme shall include the frequent and annual inspections as defined
in this International Standard. All malfunctions identified shall be corrected before the MEWP is placed
or returned to service.
5.2 Maintenance inspections
5.2.1 General
The MEWP shall have maintenance inspections as required to ensure proper operation. The frequency
of maintenance inspections shall be determined by the manufacturer’s recommendations and the
operating conditions. The frequency of the maintenance inspections can be increased to be compatible
with operating conditions and the severity of the operating environment, but the manufacturer’s
recommendations shall be the minimum requirements. MEWPs that are not in proper operating
condition shall be corrected by a qualified person and the repairs shall be in conformance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
5.2.2 Pre-delivery inspection
MEWP’s shall be inspected, repaired, and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications
prior to each delivery by sale, lease, rental, or loan.
5.2.3 Pre-start inspection
Before use each day or at the beginning of each shift, the MEWP shall be given a visual inspection and
functional test by the operator, including but not limited to the following:
a) operating and emergency controls;
b) safety features;
c) personal protective equipment;
d) air, hydraulic, and fuel system for leaks;
e) cables and wiring harness;
f) loose, damaged, worn, or missing guards or parts;
g) tyres (where applicable, tyre pressure), wheels, and wheel fasteners;
h) instructions, warnings, control markings, and operating manual(s);
i) structural items, extending structure, and stabilizers;
j) work platform, including guardrail system, floor, anchorage, and mounting;
k) cleanliness and general signs of damage;
l) brake operation and performance;
m) lights (when applicable);
n) fluid levels including engine coolant, engine oil, and hydraulic oil;
o) pins and pin-securing devices and visible damage to the prime means of support for the work
platform and extending structure;
p) operation of stabilizers/outriggers, extendable, and oscillating axles; and
q) other items specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.4 Frequent inspection
A frequent inspection shall be performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction on the
MEWP. Unless it is determined that the frequent inspection is current, it shall be performed upon
transfer of custody, for a unit that has been out of service for a period longer than three months, or
unless environmental conditions require a shorter period.
The frequent inspection shall be made by a qualified person. This inspection shall include all items
specified by the manufacturer for a frequent inspection and shall include the following:
a) all functions and their controls, including controls for emergency operation, for speed(s), smoothness,
and limits of motion;
b) base- or ground-level controls, including the provisions for overriding of work platform controls;
c) all chain and wire rope mechanisms, for adjustment and worn or damaged parts;
d) all emergency controls, guards, and safety features are in place and in good working order;
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
e) lubrication of all moving parts, inspection, and replacement of filter element(s) if required, hydraulic
oil, engine oil, and coolant;
f) visual inspection of structural components and other critical components such as fasteners, pins,
shafts, turntable attachment devices, and locking devices;
g) instructions, warnings, and control markings are in place and legible;
h) hydraulic or pneumatic systems, for proper fluid or pressure levels and observable for proper
operation, damage, leaks, or external wear;
i) electrical systems, for signs of damage, deterioration, dirt, or moisture accumulation;
j) pneumatic tyres, if applicable, for proper inflation and damage;
k) wheel nuts and bolts are in place and properly tightened;
l) lights, if applicable, for proper operation and illumination;
m) batteries, checked for adequate fluid level and connections free from corrosion, if applicable, before
use of the MEWP and before recharging;
n) drive systems, brakes, steering, and speed controls for proper operation;
o) audible or light alarms, if applicable, for proper operation; and
p) communication system, if any, between platform and ground level is working properly.
The MEWP shall not be placed into service until all malfunctions and safety-related problems have been
corrected.
5.2.5 Annual inspection
The MEWP owner shall ensure that an annual inspection be performed no later than 13 months from
the date of the prior annual inspection. The inspection shall be performed by a qualified person for
the specific make and model of MEWP. The annual inspection shall include all items specified by the
manufacturer for an annual inspection.
An annual inspection shall be performed upon transfer of custody of the MEWP, unless it is determined
that the annual inspection is current.
A MEWP shall not be placed back into service until all malfunctions and problems identified in the
inspection have been corrected.
NOTE Some countries require that annual inspections be performed by a third party.
5.3 Maintenance personnel training
Maintenance personnel shall be trained by a qualified person to inspect and maintain the MEWP in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and this International Standard.
5.4 Maintenance and repair safety precautions
Before maintenance or repairs are started on MEWPs, the following precautions shall be taken, as
applicable:
a) instructions and precautions provided by the MEWP manufacturer have been read and understood;
b) that only qualified personnel are performing maintenance or repair on MEWP has been ensured;
c) power plant stopped and means of starting rendered inoperative;
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
d) all controls in the “off” position and all operating systems secured from inadvertent motion;
e) work platform lowered to the full down position, if possible, or otherwise secured to prevent
dropping;
f) hydraulic oil pressure relieved from all hydraulic circuits before loosening or removing hydraulic
components; and
g) safety props or latches installed where applicable as prescribed by the manufacturer.
Certain maintenance work might require the MEWP to be in conditions other than those described
in items a) to g). In this case, safety measures shall be followed as described in the manufacturer’s
maintenance instructions.
Repairs to any part of the MEWP structure shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of
the manufacturer.
5.5 Replacement parts
When a part or component is replaced, it shall be identical or equivalent to the original MEWP part or
component.
5.6 Manufacturer’s safety bulletins
The owner shall ensure that the MEWP is registered with the manufacturer so safety bulletins are
received and addressed as specified by the manufacturer. Safety-related bulletins as received from
the manufacturer or its authorized representative shall be complied with. Records shall be retained in
accordance with 4.4 of this International Standard and/or as instructed by the safety-related bulletin.
6 Operation
6.1 Planning
6.1.1 General
The extent of the planning required depends on the nature of the task to be carried out and the hazards
associated with it but the following planning steps shall be taken. Planning shall be the responsibility of
the entity that has care and custody of the MEWP. It is the employer’s or user’s responsibility to make
sure the planning is carried out with the operator.
6.1.2 Stages of planning
6.1.2.1 Communicate the plan to all persons involved
One of the most important aspects of successful planning is to ensure that the contents of the plan are
communicated effectively to the parties involved, taking into account language differences. Review the
plan before the job starts.
Immediately before a job starts and periodically throughout a long-term job, the plan shall be reviewed
to check if any parts of the task or the working environment has changed and the effect that could have on
the safety of the operation. If any modifications to the plan are required, these should be communicated
to all those involved.
6.1.2.2 Identify the task to be undertaken
As the first stage in the planning process, the task to be undertaken should be clearly identified, together
with the location and timing.
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ISO 18893:2014(E)
6.1.2.3 Select an appropriate MEWP
There are many different types of MEWPs with various rated capacities, working heights, and reaches.
The correct machine should be selected for the task to be undertaken, taking into account the constraints
of the work site, ground conditions, site access, and proximity to the public or other workers.
If the area in which the MEWP is to be working is a hazardous environment (see 6.7), a MEWP
designed/designated for this environment shall be selected.
6.1.2.4 Assessment of the risks associated with the task
Assessment of the risks associated with the task shall be identified. These might be associated with the
location where the work is to be carried out, the nature of the MEWP or the personnel, and materials
and
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18893
ISO/TC 214 Secretariat: ANSI
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2013-03-15 2013-06-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles, inspection,
maintenance and operation
Plates-formes élévatrices mobiles de personnel — Principes de sécurité, inspection, entretien, mise en oeuvre
et utilisation
[Revision of first edition (ISO 18893:2004)]
ICS 53.020.99
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2013
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ISO/DIS 18893
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
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ISO/DIS 18893
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General requirements . 3
4.1 Basic principles . 3
4.2 System of work . 3
4.3 Manuals (handbooks) . 4
4.4 Record retention . 4
4.5 Modifications . 4
5 Maintenance . 4
5.1 Preventative maintenance . 4
5.2 Maintenance inspections . 5
5.2.1 Pre-delivery inspection . 5
5.2.2 Pre-start inspection . 5
5.2.3 Frequent inspection . 5
5.2.4 Annual inspection . 6
5.3 Maintenance personnel training . 7
5.4 Maintenance and repair safety precautions . 7
5.5 Replacement parts . 7
5.6 Manufacturer's safety bulletins . 7
6 Operation . 8
6.1 Planning. 8
6.1.1 General . 8
6.1.2 Stages of planning . 8
6.1.3 Site surveys . 9
6.2 Operator training . 9
6.3 Familiarisation . 9
6.4 Assistance to operators . 10
6.5 Before operation . 10
6.6 Work place inspection . 10
6.7 Understanding of hazardous locations . 11
6.8 Specific requirements of operation . 11
6.8.1 Wind and storm considerations . 11
6.8.2 Ground condition considerations . 11
6.8.3 Transporting and travelling on public roads . 12
6.8.4 Slope and grade . 12
6.8.5 Deployment of stability enhancing means . 12
6.8.6 Guardrail system . 12
6.8.7 Distribution of load . 12
6.8.8 Maintaining clearance from obstructions . 12
6.8.9 Electrocution hazards . 13
6.8.10 Footing for personnel . 14
6.8.11 Precaution for other moving equipment . 14
6.8.12 Reporting safety related problems or malfunctions . 14
6.8.13 Reporting potentially hazardous locations. 14
6.8.14 Hazardous location operation . 14
6.8.15 Entanglement . 14
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ISO/DIS 18893
6.8.16 Load transfer . 15
6.8.17 Work area . 15
6.8.18 Fuelling . 15
6.8.19 Battery charging . 15
6.8.20 Improper MEWP stabilization . 15
6.8.21 Misuse as a crane or elevator . 15
6.8.22 Use for earthing . 15
6.8.23 Climbing the extending structure . 15
6.8.24 Unusual operating support conditions . 15
6.8.25 Travelling . 15
6.8.26 Stunt driving . 16
6.8.27 Securing the MEWP . 16
6.8.28 Interference with safety devices . 16
6.8.29 Snagged MEWP . 16
6.8.30 Vacating (or entering) a MEWP at height . 16
6.8.31 Carrying materials larger than the work platform . 17
6.8.32 Carrying materials outside the work platform . 17
6.8.33 Rated manual and special forces . 17
6.8.34 Protection against unauthorized use. 17
6.8.35 Misuse as a jack . 17
6.8.36 Moving overhead obstructions . 17
6.8.37 Parking of MEWP . 17
6.8.38 Transport . 17
Annex A (informative) Pictograms of MEWP misuse . 18
A.1 Misuse of scissor-type MEWPs . 18
A.2 Misuse of boom-type MEWPs . 20
A.3 Misuse of vertical mast type MEWPs. 22
A.4 Misuse of vehicle-mounted MEWPs . 23
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ISO/DIS 18893
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18893 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 214, Elevating work platforms, Subcommittee SC , .
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 18893:2004) which has been technically
revised.
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ISO/DIS 18893
Introduction
This International Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ISO/TC 214 as part of its program of
work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance requirements
and risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance and operation for elevating work
platforms used to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and materials).
Mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs) are machines/devices which provide protection from falling when
working at height.
The entities with responsibilities related to safe use of a MEWP are established by law in some countries. This
International Standard provides guidance in the identification of those responsible.
The responsibility for safe operation of a MEWP lies with employers, managers, supervisors, operators and
others using these machines/devices. This International Standard provided requirements so that appropriate
MEWPs are selected for use and positioned, used, maintained and examined for safe use.
The safe operation of a MEWP requires the use of competent authorized persons and trained operators (see
ISO 18878).
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 18893
Mobile elevating work platforms — Safety principles, inspection,
maintenance and operation
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to all Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs) that are intended to
position persons, tools and materials and which, as a minimum, consists of a work platform with controls, an
extending structure and a chassis.
The technical safety requirements of this International Standard shall apply except where national or local
regulations are more stringent.
For related information, see ISO 16368.
This International Standard applies to MEWPs to achieve the following objectives:
a) prevention of personal injuries, property damage and accidents;
b) establishment of criteria for inspection, maintenance and operation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16368, Mobile elevating work platforms — Design calculations, safety requirements and test methods
ISO 18878, Mobile elevating work platforms — Operator (driver) training
IEC 61057, Aerial devices with insulating booms used for live working
IEC TS 61813:2000, Live working — Care, maintenance and in service testing of aerial devices with insulating
booms
3 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16368 and ISO 18878 and the
following apply.
3.1
authorized person
person approved or assigned to perform a specific type of duty or duties at a specific location or locations at a
work site
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ISO/DIS 18893
3.2
configuration
all positions in which a MEWP, chassis, extending structure or work platform can be placed within intended
operating limits, including creating variable rated loads
3.3
working envelope
space in which a work platform is designed to work within the specified loads and forces, under normal
operation conditions
Note A MEWP can have more than one working envelope.
3.4
delivery
transfer of custody, care and control of an MEWP from a person or entity to another person or entity
3.5
maintenance
act of upkeep, such as inspection, lubrication, refuelling, cleaning, adjustment and scheduled parts
replacement
3.6
modification
any change(s) or addition(s) to a MEWP as originally manufactured which affects the operation, stability,
safety factors, rated load, or safety of the MEWP
3.7
operation
performance of functions of an MEWP within the scope of its specifications and in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, work rules and applicable governmental regulations
3.8
operator
person who controls the operation of a MEWP
3.9
repair
act of restoring to good condition that which has been broken, damaged or worn due to use, abuse, or other
reasons
3.10
qualified person
person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate or professional standing, or by extensive
knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve
problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project
3.11
safety related bulletin
publication from the manufacturer of a MEWP that requires attention to ensure safe operation of the MEWP
3.12
stable
condition where the MEWP does not overturn, described technically as the condition in which the sum of the
moments acting to overturn a MEWP is less than the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning
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ISO/DIS 18893
4 General requirements
4.1 Basic principles
The information in this International Standard shall be supplemented by good job management, safety control,
and the application of sound principles of safety, training, inspection, maintenance, repair, application and
operation. All data available regarding the parameters of intended use and expected environment shall be
considered. Those with direct control over the application and operation of MEWPs shall be responsible for
the conformance with good safety practices. Decisions on the use and operation of the MEWPs shall always
be made with due consideration for the fact that the machine will be carrying persons whose safety is
dependent on those decisions as well as others in the operating vicinity.
The operation of any MEWP is subject to certain hazards that can be protected against only by the exercise of
intelligence, care, and common sense and not by any device. It is essential to have qualified, careful persons
trained (see ISO 18878) in the intended use, safe operation, maintenance and service of this type of
equipment.
The operation of any MEWP used for working on energized conductors shall conform to the requirements of
this International Standard and the requirements of IEC TS 61813.
It is an essential requirement that
a) the selection, positioning, operation, maintenance and frequent and annual inspections of a MEWP is
properly planned, appropriately supervised and carried out in a safe manner;
b) having identified the hazards associated with the use of a MEWP, the competent person evaluates the
risks associated with these hazards and puts appropriate control measures in place as identified during
this evaluation;
c) all MEWP operators be trained in accordance with ISO 18878;
d) all MEWP maintenance work be performed by a person qualified in maintenance work;
e) all MEWP repair work shall be performed by a person qualified in repair work.
4.2 System of work
The system of work shall be created by the employer or user and shall include the following:
a) planning of the operation including procedures for the recovery of persons and/or the machine in the
event of an emergency (see 6.1.2.9);
b) selection, provision and use of a suitable MEWP and work equipment associated with it;
c) preparation and maintenance of the site, as required, for use of the MEWP;
d) MEWP maintenance including inspection(s) and repairs as recommended by the manufacturer;
e) properly trained personnel are authorized to operate the MEWP;
f) prior to the start of work, familiarization of the MEWP operator with the specific machine to be used
including any local site requirements, warning of the hazards in the areas where the MEWP will be
operated;
g) monitor the performance and supervise the work of the operator to ensure compliance with provisions of
this standard;
h) prevention of unauthorized use of the MEWP;
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ISO/DIS 18893
i) safety of persons not involved in the operation of the MEWP;
j) documentation of activities required by this standard.
4.3 Manuals (handbooks)
The manufacturer's information which is intended to be readily available and which is necessary for the
operation and daily inspection/maintenance of the MEWP shall be provided with each rental, lease or sale
delivery. The manufacturer's maintenance information shall be made available for use by trained personnel of
the entity responsible for maintaining the MEWP.
The user/employer shall make sure that the operator is capable of reading and understanding the manuals
(handbooks) provided by the manufacturer.
In case the manufacturer no longer exists, and the manufacturer's manuals (handbooks) are not available
from other sources the replacement manuals (handbooks) shall be provided by a qualified person.
4.4 Record retention
The following records shall be retained by the entity responsible for maintenance of the MEWP. (see 5.1)
a) Name and address of the purchaser of each MEWP by serial number and date of delivery shall be
retained for a minimum of 10 years after sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed
from service.
b) Written records of the pre-delivery, frequent and annual inspections on the MEWP shall include the date
of inspection, deficiencies found, corrective action accomplished and identification of the person(s)
performing the inspection. These records shall be retained for a minimum of 10 years after the sale of the
MEWP or until the MEWP is permanently removed from service.
c) Written records of all repairs accomplished on the MEWP shall include the date of any such repair, a
description of the work accomplished and identification of the person(s) performing the repair. These
records shall be retained for a minimum of 10 years after the sale of the MEWP or until the MEWP is
permanently removed from service.
4.5 Modifications
Modifications, additions or alterations to a MEWP, or the fabrication or attaching of any framework or
mounting of any attachments for holding tools or materials onto the platform or the guardrail system shall be
made only with prior written permission of the manufacturer. In case the manufacturer no longer exists,
modifications to platform MEWP shall be made in accordance with the instructions from a competent engineer
with expertise in MEWPs.
Note CE approved MEWPs that have been modified may require re-certification.
5 Maintenance
5.1 Preventative maintenance
A preventive maintenance programme shall be established in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. The preventive maintenance programme shall be increased based on the environment and
severity of use of the MEWP. The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be the minimum requirements.
The preventative maintenance programme shall include the frequent and annual inspections as defined in this
International Standard. All malfunctions identified shall be corrected before the MEWP is placed or returned to
service.
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5.2 Maintenance inspections
The MEWP shall have maintenance inspections as required to ensure proper operation. The frequency of
maintenance inspections shall be determined by the manufacturer's recommendations and the operating
conditions. The frequency of the maintenance inspections may be increased to be compatible with operating
conditions and the severity of the operating environment, but the manufacture’s recommendations shall be the
minimum requirements. MEWPs that are not in proper operating condition shall be corrected by a qualified
person and the repairs shall be in conformance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
5.2.1 Pre-delivery inspection
MEWP’s shall be inspected, repaired and adjusted in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications prior to each
delivery by sale, lease or rental.
5.2.2 Pre-start inspection
Before use each day or at the beginning of each shift, the MEWP shall be given a visual inspection and
functional test by the operator including but not limited to the following:
a) operating and emergency controls;
b) safety features;
c) personal protective equipment;
d) air, hydraulic and fuel system for leaks;
e) cables and wiring harness;
f) loose, damaged, worn or missing guards or parts;
g) tyres (where applicable, tyre pressure), wheels and wheel fasteners;
h) instructions, warnings, control markings, and operating manual(s);
i) structural items, extending structure and stabilizers;
j) work platform, including guardrail system, floor, anchorage and mounting;
k) cleanliness and general signs of damage;
l) brake operation and performance;
m) lights (when applicable);
n) fluid levels including engine coolant, engine oil and hydraulic oil;
o) pins and pin securing devices and visible damage to the prime means of support for the work platform and
extending structure;
p) operation of stabilizers/outriggers, extendable and oscillating axles;
q) other items specified by the manufacturer.
5.2.3 Frequent inspection
A frequent inspection is to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction on the MEWP.
Unless it is determined that the frequent inspection is current, it shall be performed upon transfer of
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ISO/DIS 18893
custody, for a unit that has been out of service for a period longer than three months, or unless
envi
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