ISO/FDIS 23611-5
(Main)Soil quality — Sampling of soil invertebrates — Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates
Soil quality — Sampling of soil invertebrates — Part 5: Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates
ISO 23611-5:2011 specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone. The proposed method is a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The main premise of this method is rapid assessment (completing the sampling of a plot in one or two days with only basic equipment and a small number of field assistants), in order to be able to address all the taxonomic groups of soil macro-invertebrates at the same time and in the same place. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method has evolved and some modifications have been introduced in order to use it in temperate regions. The sampling and extraction methods in ISO 23611-5:2011 are applicable to almost all types of soils, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens. Sampling design is specified in ISO 23611-6.
Qualité du sol — Prélèvement des invertébrés du sol — Partie 5: Prélèvement et extraction des macro-invertébrés du sol
L'ISO 23611-5:2011 spécifie une méthode pour le prélèvement, l'extraction et la conservation des macro-invertébrés du sol, y compris la zone de litière. La méthode proposée est un prérequis à l'utilisation de ces animaux en tant que bio-indicateurs (par exemple pour évaluer la qualité d'un sol en tant qu'habitat pour des organismes). Les principes majeurs de cette méthode consistent à avoir une évaluation rapide (réaliser l'échantillonnage d'une zone en un ou deux jours avec un équipement de base et avec un nombre réduit d'assistants de terrain), pour être capable de traiter tous les groupes taxinomiques de macro‑invertébrés du sol en même temps et au même endroit. La méthode TSBF (biologie et fertilité des sols tropicaux) a évolué et quelques modifications ont été introduites afin de l'utiliser dans des régions tempérées. Les méthodes de prélèvement et d'extraction de l'ISO 23611-5:2011 sont applicables à la quasi‑totalité des sols. Les sols présents sous des conditions climatiques extrêmes (sols durs, gelés ou inondés) et les matrices autres que le sol, par exemple des troncs d'arbres, des plantes ou des lichens, peuvent constituer des exceptions. Le plan d'échantillonnage est spécifié dans l'ISO 23611-6.
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ISO/TC 190/SC 4
Soil quality — Sampling of soil
Secretariat: AFNOR
invertebrates —
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FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 190/SC 4
Soil quality — Sampling of soil
Secretariat: AFNOR
invertebrates —
Voting begins on:
Part 5:
Sampling and extraction of soil
Voting terminates on:
macro-invertebrates
Qualité du sol — Prélèvement des invertébrés du sol —
Partie 5: Prélèvement et extraction des macro-invertébrés du sol
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
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© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Field procedure . 3
7.1 General .3
7.2 Collecting macro-invertebrates from the litter zone .3
7.3 Collecting macro-invertebrates from soil .3
7.3.1 General .3
7.3.2 Temperate regions .3
7.3.3 Tropical regions.4
8 Laboratory procedure . 4
8.1 Treatment of collected samples .4
8.2 Preservation of specimens .5
8.3 Biomass determination .5
9 A ssessment of results . 6
10 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Background information . 7
Annex B (informative) Sampling soil macro-fauna using pitfall traps . 8
[68]
Annex C (informative) Monitoring example with pitfall traps . 9
Bibliography . 14
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological
characterization, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 444, Environmental characterization of solid matrices, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23611-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Two informative Annexes were added at the end of the document. Annex B describes the procedures to
be adopted when sampling macro-fauna using pitfall traps and Annex C presents a monitoring example
with pitfall traps.
— The bibliographic references list was revised and updated in the entire document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23611 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document was prepared in response to a need to standardize sampling and extraction methods for soil
macro-invertebrates globally. These methods are needed for the following purposes:
— biological classification of soils, including soil quality assessment (e.g. References [14], [28] and [37]);
— terrestrial bio-indication and long-term monitoring (e.g. References [65], [74], [75] and [76]).
Data collected using standardized methods can be evaluated more accurately as they allow more reliable
comparison between sites (e.g. polluted vs non-polluted sites, changes in land-use practices).
Soils of the world host an abundance of highly diverse macro-invertebrate communities. Their biology
and ecology have been widely studied. Soil invertebrates are irreplaceable actors of soil formation and
conservation in natural ecosystems. Their relevance to the soil system comes from their abundance and
diversity, and also from their role in key biological processes. They are sensitive indicators of soil quality
and recognized actors of its fertility (e.g. References [58] and [52]). Among the wide diversity of species,
adaptive strategies and size ranges represented, one specific group, also called “soil ecosystem engineers”,
includes large invertebrates that determine the activities of other smaller organisms through the mechanical
activities they produce in soil (e.g. References [18] and [46]).
Soil macro-invertebrates span a wide range of ecological functions in soil: decomposition of organic matter,
through their own activity and by stimulating the soil's microbiological activity (e.g. References [2], [3] and
[36]), predation that plays an important part in food webs (e.g. References [9], [51], [56], [59] and [63]),
soil aggregation by the production of organo-mineral structures (e.g. nests, galleries, casts) that can last
for days, months or years, soil bioturbation (e.g. Reference [28]), etc. These characteristics, coupled with
in-depth taxonomic knowledge, have enabled their use as study organisms in several research programmes
dealing with the impacts of forest practices (e.g. References [11], [36], [47], [57], [60] and [70]) or crop
management practices (e.g. References [8], [19], [27], [29], [30], [33], [38], [55] and [62]). These features
make them suitable organisms for use as bio-indicators of changes in soil quality, especially with respect to
land-use practices and pollution (e.g. References [21], [35], [45], [48], [49], [54], [60] and [74]).
The method proposed in this document covers the sampling of all soil macro-invertebrates. However, the
sampling of earthworms is already covered in ISO 23611-1. This alternative sampling method for earthworms
is described in ISO 23611-1:2018, Annex C.
The method proposed in this document is a prerequisite for using macro-invertebrates as bio-indicators
(e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The main premise of this method is rapid
assessment (completing the sampling of a plot in one or two days with only basic equipment and a small
number of field assistants) in order to be able to address all the taxonomic groups of soil macro-invertebrates
at the same time and in the same place. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method has evolved
and some modifications have been introduced in order to use it in temperate regions.
A sampling design is specified in ISO 23611-6.
NO
...
2023-07-20
ISO/DISFDIS 23611-5:2023(E)
ISO/TC 190/SC 4
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2024-05-16
Soil quality — Sampling of soil invertebrates —
—
Part 5:
Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates
Qualité du sol — Prélèvement des invertébrés du sol —Partie 5: Prélèvement et extraction des macro-
invertébrés du sol
Partie 5: Prélèvement et extraction des macro-invertébrés du sol
FDIS stage
ISO/DISFDIS 23611-5:2023(E2024(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 23611-5:2023(E2024(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Field procedure . 3
7.1 General . 3
7.2 Collecting macro-invertebrates from the litter zone . 3
7.3 Collecting macro-invertebrates from soil . 3
7.3.1 General . 3
7.3.2 Temperate regions . 3
7.3.3 Tropical regions . 4
8 Laboratory procedure . 4
8.1 Treatment of collected samples . 4
8.2 Preservation of specimens . 5
8.3 Biomass determination . 5
9 Assessment of results . 6
10 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Background information . 7
Annex B (informative) Sampling soil macro-fauna using pitfall traps . 8
[68]
Annex C (informative) Monitoring example with pitfall traps
............................................................. 10
C.1 Study aim . 10
C.2 Study area . 10
C.3 Sampling design . 12
C.4 Statistical analysis . 12
C.5 Results . 14
Bibliography . 16
iii
ISO/DISFDIS 23611-5:2023(E2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological
characterization., in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 444, Environmental characterization of solid matrices, in accordance with the Agreement
on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23611-5:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — Two informative Annexes were added at the end of the document. Annex BAnnex B describes the
procedures to be adopted when sampling macro-fauna using pitfall traps and Annex CAnnex C presents a
monitoring example with pitfall traps.
— — The bibliographic references list was revised and updated in the entire document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23611 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 23611-5:2023(E2024(en)
Introduction
This document was prepared in response to a need to standardize sampling and extraction methods for soil
macro-invertebrates globally. These methods are needed for the following purposes:
— — biological classification of soils, including soil quality assessment (e.g. References [14], [28[14], [28]]
and [37 [37]);]);
— — terrestrial bio-indication and long-term monitoring (e.g. References [65], [74], [75[65], [74], [75]] and
[76 [76]).]).
Data collected using standardized methods can be evaluated more accurately as it allowsthey allow more
reliable comparison between sites (e.g. polluted vs non-polluted sites, changes in land-use practices).
Soils of the world host an abundance of highly diverse macro-invertebrate communities. Their biology and
ecology have been widely studied. Soil invertebrates are irreplaceable actors of soil formation and
conservation in natural ecosystems. Their relevance to the soil system comes from their abundance and
diversity, and also from their role in key biological processes. They are sensitive indicators of soil quality and
recognized actors of its fertility (e.g. References [58[58]] and [52 [52]).]). Among the wide diversity of species,
adaptive strategies and size ranges represented, one specific group, also called "“soil ecosystem engineers",”,
includes large invertebrates that determine the activities of other smaller organisms through the mechanical
activities they produce in soil (e.g. References [18[18]] and [46 [46]).]).
Soil macro-invertebrates span a wide range of ecological functions in soil: decomposition of organic matter,
through their own activity and by stimulating the soil's microbiological activity (e.g. References [2], [3[2], [3]]
and [36 [36]),]), predation that plays an important part in food webs (e.g. References [9], [51], [56], [59[9],
[51], [56], [59]] and [63 [63]),]), soil aggregation by the production of organo-mineral structures (e.g. nests,
galleries, casts) that can last for days, months or years, and soil bioturbation (e.g. Reference [28[28]),]), etc.
These characteristics, coupled with in-depth taxonomic knowledge, hashave enabled their use as study
organisms in several research programmes dealing with the impacts of forest practices (e.g. References [11],
[36], [47], [57], [60[11], [36], [47], [57], [60]] and [70 [70])]) or crop management practices (e.g.
References [8], [19], [27], [29], [30], [33], [38], [55[8], [19], [27], [29], [30], [33], [38], [55]] and [62 [62]).]).
These features make them suitable organisms for use as bio--indicators of changes in soil quality, especially
with respect to land-use practices and pollution (e.g. References [21], [35], [45], [48], [49], [54], [60] and
[74[21], [35], [45], [48], [49], [54], [60] and [74]).]).
The method proposed in this document covers the sampling of all soil macro-invertebrates. However, the
sampling of earthworms is already covered in ISO 23611-1. This method is described in ISO 23611-1:2006,
Annex C, as an alternative sampling method for earthworms is described in ISO 23611-1:2018, Annex C.
The method proposed method in this document is a prerequisite for using these animalsmacro-invertebrates
as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The main premise of this
method is rapid assessment (completing the sampling of a plot in one or two days with only basic equipment
and a small number of field assistants) in order to be able to address all the taxonomic groups of soil macro-
invertebrates at the same time and in the same place. The Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method
has evolved and some modifications have been introduced in order to use it in temperate regions.
A sampling design is specified in ISO 23611-6.
NOTE 1 The method specified in this document is based on guidelines developed under the Tropical Soil Biology and
[1 [1] ]
Fertility Program (TSBF method). ) .
v
Soil quality — Sampling of soil invertebrates — —
Part 5:
Sampling and extraction of soil macro-invertebrates
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils,
including the litter zone.
The sampling and extraction methods in this document are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the
exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil,
e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
Macro3.1
macro-invertebrate
soil organism whose longest dimension is greater than 10 mm
EXAMPLE These include especially the following groups: Oligochaet
...
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