ISO 22901-3:2018

Road vehicles -- Open diagnostic data exchange (ODX)

ISO 22901-3:2018 specifies machine-readable descriptions of all fault symptom algorithms which are implemented as diagnostic software in an electronic control unit (ECU). The main use case is the standardized data exchange from a function & software supplier to a vehicle manufacturer (VM) in order to enable a tool-based information processing. Based on the FXD content and associated calibration values, several end user documents can be generated such as the "summary sheet" needed as part of the vehicle type approval documentation package or the "repair and maintenance information" (RMI). The expected main benefits of the FXD approach are an overall efficiency improvement as well as an independency of supplier- and VM-specific format handling.

Véhicules routiers -- Diagnostic généralisé, échange de données (ODX)

Standards Content (sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22901-3
First edition
2018-02
Road vehicles — Open diagnostic data
exchange (ODX) —
Part 3:
Fault symptom exchange description
(FXD)
Véhicules routiers — Diagnostic généralisé, échange de données
(ODX) —
Partie 3: Format d'échange de système de défaut (FXD)
Reference number
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
ISO 2018
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2018

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Abbreviated terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

5 Specification release version information ................................................................................................................................ 2

5.1 Specification for FXD XML-Schema release version................................................................................................ 2

6 FXD concept ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

6.1 Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

6.2 Traditional workflow ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.3 Raw information .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.3.1 General definition and background ................................................................................................................. 3

6.3.2 Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.4 FXD format and example ................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.5 Basic concept of FXD .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.5.1 Basic requirements ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.5.2 Formal description of diagnosis algorithms ............................................................................................ 5

6.5.3 Value inheritance mechanism to support use cases ......................................................................... 6

6.6 FXD workflow .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

6.7 FXD workflow example .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.8 Constraints for schema updates ............................................................................................................................................... 9

7 FXD use cases ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................10

7.2 UC 1 Delivery of "raw information" by ECU software suppliers ................................................................10

7.3 UC 2 – Generation of documentation based on FXD raw information .................................................11

7.3.1 UC 2.1 Generation of OBD summary sheet for vehicle type approval .............................11

7.3.2 UC 2.2 FXD-based repair and maintenance information ...........................................................11

8 General properties of FXD elements .............................................................................................................................................12

8.1 Attributes ..................................................................................................................................................................................................12

8.1.1 DESC-EXTENT (Content) .......................................................................................................................................13

8.1.2 HREF (Content) ..............................................................................................................................................................13

8.1.3 ID (Infrastructure) .................. .................................................... .................................................................................13

8.1.4 ID-REF (Infrastructure) ..........................................................................................................................................14

8.1.5 OID (Content)...................................................................................................................................................................14

8.1.6 OPERATOR (Content) ...............................................................................................................................................15

8.1.7 SI (Content) .......................................................................................................................................................................15

8.1.8 DESC-STATE (Content).............................................................................................................................................15

8.1.9 TI (Infrastructure) .......................................................................................................................................................16

8.1.10 VERSION (Content) .....................................................................................................................................................16

8.1.11 xml:base (Infrastructure) ......................................................................................................................................16

8.1.12 xml:lang (Infrastructure) .......................................................................................................................................16

8.1.13 xsi:nil (Content) .............................................................................................................................................................17

8.1.14 xsi:type (Infrastructure) .........................................................................................................................................17

8.2 Variant coding .......................................................................................................................................................................................17

8.3 Generic selection lists ....................................................................................................................................................................18

8.4 External document references ...............................................................................................................................................18

8.5 Referencing ECU variables and calibration labels .................................................................................................18

8.6 General FXD elements, used for identification and description ................................................................18

9 Description of FXD elements ................................................................................................................................................................19

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)

9.2 ADMIN-DATA .........................................................................................................................................................................................19

9.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................19

9.2.2 COMPANY-DATA-REF ........................................................................................................................................... ......19

9.2.3 ECU-FAMILY ......................................................................................................................................................................19

9.2.4 PROJECT ...............................................................................................................................................................................19

9.2.5 RESOURCES .......................................................................................................................................................................19

9.2.6 DOC-REVISIONS .................. .................................................... .......................................................................................19

9.3 COMPANY-DATAS ...............................................................................................................................................................................20

9.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................20

9.3.2 COMPANY-DATA .............................................................................................................................................................20

9.4 DATA-DICTIONARY ...........................................................................................................................................................................20

9.4.1 DATA-DECLARATIONS .............................................................................................................................................20

9.4.2 COMPUTATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................21

9.4.3 UNIT-SPEC ..........................................................................................................................................................................22

9.5 VARIABLE-DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................22

9.5.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................22

9.5.2 Element-Id ..........................................................................................................................................................................23

9.5.3 COMPANY-DATA-REF ........................................................................................................................................... ......23

9.5.4 ECU-FUNCS ........................................................................................................................................................................23

9.5.5 CONFIGURATION ..........................................................................................................................................................23

9.5.6 DATA-DECLARATION described by a VARIABLE-DESCRIPTION ........................................23

9.5.7 SIMPLE-VARIABLE ......................................................................................................................................................23

9.5.8 BIT-FIELD-VARIABLE ................................................................................................................................................23

9.5.9 STATE-GRAPH .................................................................................................................................................................24

9.6 FAULT-SYMPTOMS ............................................................................................................................................................................24

9.6.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................24

9.6.2 Element-Id ..........................................................................................................................................................................24

9.6.3 COMPANY-DATA-REF ........................................................................................................................................... ......25

9.6.4 ECU-FUNCS ........................................................................................................................................................................25

9.6.5 CONFIGURATION ..........................................................................................................................................................25

9.6.6 FAULT-IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................................25

9.6.7 MON-COMPONENT or system ...........................................................................................................................26

9.6.8 FAULT-CLASSIFICATION .........................................................................................................................................26

9.6.9 RATIO-GROUPS for in-use monitor performance ratio (IUMPR) ........................................27

9.6.10 READINESS-GROUP ....................................................................................................................................................28

9.6.11 FAULT-DETECTIONS ..................................................................................................................................................28

9.6.12 CENTRAL-CALIBRATION-INFOS .....................................................................................................................38

9.6.13 INHIBITIONS information.....................................................................................................................................39

9.6.14 SUBSTITUTION-FUNCTION .................................................................................................................................41

9.6.15 PROTECTIVE-FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................................41

9.6.16 SIMULATION-METHOD ...........................................................................................................................................41

9.6.17 ##other-Information (for symptoms) .......................................................................................................42

9.7 FAULT-SYMPTOM-3RD-PARTYS ............................................................................................................................................43

9.8 SERVICE-06-IDS ..................................................................................................................................................................................43

9.9 FIDS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................44

9.9.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................44

9.9.2 Element-Id ..........................................................................................................................................................................45

9.9.3 FID-TYPE ..............................................................................................................................................................................45

9.9.4 ECU-FUNC ...........................................................................................................................................................................45

9.9.5 FAULT-SYMPTOM-REFS ...........................................................................................................................................45

9.9.6 AUXILIARY-OBJECT-REFS ......................................................................................................................................45

9.9.7 EXPLANATION ................................................................................................................................................................45

9.10 AUXILIARY-OBJECTS .......................................................................................................................................................................46

9.11 MASKS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................46

9.12 TEXT-MAPPINGS.................................................................................................................................................................................46

9.13 Any Other-Information (for container) ..........................................................................................................................46

Annex A (normative) Digital Annex of FXD XML-Schema.............................................................................................................47

iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)

Annex B (normative) Digital Annex of FXD Selection Dictionary ........................................................................................76

Annex C (normative) Digital Annex of FXD Rule Set ......................................................................................................................151

Annex D (informative) Inhibition of fault symptoms ...................................................................................................................194

Bibliography .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................198

© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following

URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 31,

Data communication.

Annex A, B and C of this document are normative and Annex D is for information only.

A list of all the parts in the ISO 22901 series can be found on the ISO website.
vi © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
Introduction
0.1 Overview

This document has been established in order to define a new format called FXD (Fault symptom

eXchange Description) which has been developed for provision of machine-readable descriptions

of mainly fault symptom algorithms which are implemented as diagnostic software in an Electronic

Control Unit (ECU).

The main business case is the data exchange from a function and software supplier to a vehicle

manufacturer in a standardized format (FXD XML-Schema) in order to enable a tool based processing.

The software supplier will provide software related raw data, which have to be extended and refined by

the vehicle manufacturer for different use cases. Based on the FXD content and associated calibration

values, several end user documents can be generated such as the summary table for OBD documentation.

The expected main benefits of the FXD approach are an overall improved efficiency as well as an

independency of system supplier and vehicle manufacturer-specific format handling.

FXD is an extension of ODX in order to support the documentation and fault symptom data exchange

use cases for type approval and repair and maintenance information (RMI).

A normative annex will include the FXD XML-Schema which represents the data model for the digital

exchange of the FXD data.
0.2 Motivation

The complexity of OBD monitoring systems is continuously evolving. Technological progress and

regulatory updates drive the complexity of both engine systems themselves and the related OBD

monitoring systems. For instance, the number of monitors and thereby also Diagnostic Trouble Codes

(DTC) has considerably increased over time as shown here for a 6-cylinder gasoline application from

calendar year 2000 up to 2012.

In addition to the pure number of monitors, also the OBD monitors themselves have become more and

more sophisticated.
Figure 1 shows the evolving complexity of OBD systems.
Key
1 6-cyl gasoline engine
Figure 1 — Evolving complexity of OBD systems
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved vii
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
0.3 Project complexity

Today's project complexity (e.g. variants) at the vehicle manufacturers is also an important aspect

for diagnostic documentation. For all OBD-relevant monitoring strategies, the corresponding OBD

documentation is generated. When these monitors are integrated by often different project teams, they

may need to be specifically adapted and calibrated in order to operate properly in the different projects.

To ensure accurate OBD documentation across all projects, considerable efforts for synchronization

and manual adjustment are necessary. Obviously, this specific approach will provide only a limited

reuse potential.
Figure 2 shows the project complexity and accurate OBD documentation.
Figure 2 — Project complexity and accurate OBD documentation

In addition more complicated business models (multiple job shares across companies) challenge the

OBD documentation process.

In the past, typically one ECU supplier also supplied most of the corresponding software. Nowadays

and even more in future with the Autosar approach, the trend towards software packages from vehicle

manufacturer and 3rd parties will increase.

As a consequence, multiple suppliers provide the information for the generation of OBD documentation

with different format, structure and content. For understanding, it is often necessary to dig into the

details of the complete software documentation itself. This is why the efforts for the integration and

generation of OBD relevant information increases due to manual analysis and adjustment. Obviously

this scenario will allow only a limited reuse.
Figure 3 shows the challenging job share and consistent OBD documentation.
viii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
Figure 3 — Job sharing challenge and consistent OBD documentation

Scheduling constraints for generating OBD documentation during the development phase also represent

a motivating factor for the introduction of the FXD approach. As the OBD development has become

more and more extensive, the documentation is established as early as possible, but on the other hand

late changes will cause iterations. Without efficient management of the corresponding OBD-relevant

information, it is nearly impossible to answer to the challenging engineering targets and tight project

schedules of today.
© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved ix
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22901-3:2018(E)
Road vehicles — Open diagnostic data exchange (ODX) —
Part 3:
Fault symptom exchange description (FXD)
1 Scope

This document specifies machine-readable descriptions of all fault symptom algorithms which are

implemented as diagnostic software in an electronic control unit (ECU). The main use case is the

standardized data exchange from a function & software supplier to a vehicle manufacturer (VM)

in order to enable a tool-based information processing. Based on the FXD content and associated

calibration values, several end user documents can be generated such as the "summary sheet" needed as

part of the vehicle type approval documentation package or the “repair and maintenance information”

(RMI). The expected main benefits of the FXD approach are an overall efficiency improvement as well

as an independency of supplier- and VM-specific format handling.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 22901-1, Road vehicles — Open diagnostic data exchange (ODX) — Part 1:
...