ISO/FDIS 5530-1

Wheat flour — Physical characteristics of doughs — Part 1: Determination of water absorption and rheological properties using a farinograph

This document specifies a method using a farinograph for the determination of the water absorption of flours and the mixing behaviour of doughs made from them by a constant flour mass procedure or by a constant dough mass procedure. The method is applicable to experimental and commercial flours from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). NOTE This document is related to ICC 115/1[5] and AACC Method 54-21.02[6].

Farines de blé tendre — Caractéristiques physiques des pâtes — Partie 1: Détermination de l'absorption d'eau et des caractéristiques rhéologiques au moyen du farinographe

Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination, au moyen d’un farinographe, de l’absorption d’eau des farines et du comportement au pétrissage des pâtes obtenues à partir de ces farines, par un mode opératoire avec une masse constante de farine ou une masse constante de pâte. La méthode est applicable aux farines expérimentales et commerciales de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.). NOTE Le présent document est en rapport avec l’ICC 115/1[5] et la méthode 54-21.02 de l’AACC[6].

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 67.060 - Cereals, pulses and derived products
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 34/SC 4 - Cereals and pulses
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 34/SC 4 - Cereals and pulses
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 08-Sep-2025
• Completion Date: 08-Sep-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 28178:2022 - Graphic technology — Exchange format for colour and process control data using XML or ASCII text
• Effective Date: 12-Jul-2025
• Revises: ISO 5530-1:2025 - Wheat flour — Physical characteristics of doughs — Part 1: Determination of water absorption and rheological properties using a farinograph
• Effective Date: 05-Jul-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 34/SC 4
Wheat flour — Physical
Secretariat: SAC
characteristics of doughs —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
2025-09-08
Determination of water absorption
and rheological properties using a
Voting terminates on:
farinograph
2025-12-01
Farines de blé tendre — Caractéristiques physiques des pâtes —
Partie 1: Détermination de l'absorption d'eau et des
caractéristiques rhéologiques au moyen du farinographe
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 34/SC 4
Wheat flour — Physical
Secretariat: SAC
characteristics of doughs —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
Determination of water absorption
Voting terminates on:
and rheological properties using a
farinograph
Farines de blé tendre — Caractéristiques physiques des pâtes —
Partie 1: Détermination de l'absorption d'eau et des
caractéristiques rhéologiques au moyen du farinographe
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Reagent . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Procedure . 4
8.1 Determination of the moisture content of the flour .4
8.2 Preparation of the farinograph . .4
8.3 Test portion .5
8.3.1 General .5
8.3.2 Constant flour mass procedure .5
8.3.3 Constant dough mass procedure .7
8.4 Common rules of determination .8
9 Evaluation of the farinogram and calculation of the derived rheological characteristics . 9
9.1 General .9
9.2 Water absorption of flour .9
9.3 Characteristics relating to the consistency of dough.10
10 Precision .11
10.1 Interlaboratory tests .11
10.2 Repeatability .11
10.3 Reproducibility . . 12
10.4 Comparison of two groups of measurements in two laboratories . 12
11 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Description of the farinograph . 14
Annex B (informative) Examples of farinogram types . 19
Annex C (informative) Results of interlaboratory test .25
Annex D (informative) Critical difference data .34
Bibliography .36

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 4, Cereals
and pulses, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 338, Cereal and cereal products, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 5530-1:2025), of which it constitutes a minor
revision.
The changes are as follows:
— the values in B.5.1 have been modified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 5530 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 5530-1:2025(en)
Wheat flour — Physical characteristics of doughs —
Part 1:
Determination of water absorption and rheological
properties using a farinograph
1 Scope
This document specifies a method using a farinograph for the determination of the water absorption of
flours and the mixing behaviour of doughs made from them by a constant flour mass procedure or by a
constant dough mass procedure.
The method is applicable to experimental and commercial flours from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
[5] [6]
NOTE This document is related to ICC 115/1 and AACC Method 54-21.02 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 712-1, Cereals and cereal products — Determination of moisture content — Part 1: Reference method
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
consistency
resistance of a dough to being mixed in specific conditions
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, consistency refers to the resistance of dough being mixed in a
farinograph under the conditions specified in the methodology.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in farinograph unit (FU) (3.2).
Note 3 to entry: Specific conditions include mixing conditions, temperature, hydration, etc.
3.2
farinograph unit
FU
arbitrary unit used for consistency (3.1) on the farinogram
Note 1 to entry: For the mathematical expression of FU, see 6.1.

Note 2 to entry: It is also possible to define an FU as a torque expressed in Nm, measured in the axis of the mixer.
3.3
maximum consistency
consistency (3.1) measured at the end of the dough development time (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: For the mathematical expression of maximum consistency, see 9.3.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in farinograph unit (FU) (3.2).
3.4
water absorption of flour
W
...

ISO/TC 34/SC 4
Secretariat: SAC
Date: 2025(en)-08-22
Fourth edition
2025-07-04
Wheat flour — Physical characteristics of doughs —
Part 1:
Determination of water absorption and rheological properties using
a farinograph
Farines de blé tendre — Caractéristiques physiques des pâtes —
Partie 1: Détermination de l'absorption d'eau et des caractéristiques rhéologiques au moyen du farinographe
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Reagent . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 4
8 Procedure . 4
8.1 Determination of the moisture content of the flour . 4
8.2 Preparation of the farinograph . 4
8.3 Test portion . 5
8.4 Common rules of determination . 8
9 Evaluation of the farinogram and calculation of the derived rheological characteristics . 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Water absorption of flour . 9
9.3 Characteristics relating to the consistency of dough . 10
10 Precision . 11
10.1 Interlaboratory tests . 11
10.2 Repeatability . 11
10.3 Reproducibility . 12
10.4 Comparison of two groups of measurements in two laboratories . 12
11 Test report . 13
Annex A (informative) Description of the farinograph . 14
Annex B (informative) Examples of farinogram types . 19
Annex C (informative) Results of interlaboratory test . 25
Annex D (informative) Critical difference data . 34
Bibliography . 37

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 4, Cereals
and pulses, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 338, Cereal and cereal products, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fourthfifth edition cancels and replaces the thirdfourth edition (ISO 5530-1:2013),2025), of which has
been technically revised.it constitutes a minor revision.
The main changes are as follows:
— the values in B.5.1a wheat flour interlaboratory test was performed in 2015 to evaluate the repeatability
and reproducibility of the test method specified in this document, and the results have been added as ;
— more detailed procedure for electronic devices has been added.
— have been modified.
A list of all parts in the ISO 5530 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Wheat flour — Physical characteristics of doughs —
Part 1:
Determination of water absorption and rheological properties using a
farinograph
1 Scope
This document specifies a method using a farinograph for the determination of the water absorption of flours
and the mixing behaviour of doughs made from them by a constant flour mass procedure or by a constant
dough mass procedure.
The method is applicable to experimental and commercial flours from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
[5] [6]
NOTE This document is related to ICC 115/1 and AACC Method 54-21.02 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 712-1, Cereals and cereal products — Determination of moisture content — Part 1: Reference method
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
consistency
resistance of a dough to being mixed in specific conditions
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, consistency refers to the resistance of dough being mixed in a
farinograph under the conditions specified in the methodology.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in farinograph unit (FU) (3.2).
Note 3 to entry: Specific conditions include mixing conditions, temperature, hydration, etc.
3.2
farinograph unit
FU
arbitrary unit used for consistency (3.1) on the farinogram
Note 1 to entry: For the mathematical expression of FU, see 6.1.
Note 2 to entry: It is also possible to define an FU as a torque expressed in Nm, measured in the axis of the mixer.
3.3
maximum consistency
consistency (3.1) measured at the end of the dough development time (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: For the mathematical expression of maximum consistency, see 9.3.
Note 2 to entry: It is expressed in farinograph unit (FU) (3.2).
3.4
water absorption of flour
Wa
volume of water required to produce a dough with a maximum consistency (3.3) of 500 farinograph unit (FU)
(3.2) under the specified operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: Water absorption is expressed in millilitres per 100 g of flour at 14 % (mass fraction) moisture content
to an accuracy of 0,1 ml.
Note 2 to entry: Water absorption can also be expressed in % (ml per 100 g).
3.5
dough development time
DDT
DEPRECATED: peak time
time from the beginning of the addition of water to the point on the curve immediately before the first sign of
the decrease of maximum consistency (3.3)
Note 1 to entry: In cases where two peaks are observed, the second peak shall be used to measure the DDT.
Note 12 to entry: See Figure 1 and 9.3.
Note 23 to entry: It is expressed in minutes to the nearest 0,1 min.
3.6
stability
difference in time between the point where the top part of the curve intercepts, for the first time, the line of
500 farinograph unit (FU) (3.2) and the last point where leaves this line
Note 1 to entry: This value measures the tolerance of the flour to mixing.
Note 2 to entry: When the maximum consistency (3.3) of a peak curve deviates from the 500 FU line, the line of this
consistency should be used to read the interceptions (see also B.5.2).
Note 3 to entry: The stability is expressed in minutes, to an accuracy of 0,5 min.
3.7
degree of softening
difference between the height of the centre of the curve at the point where it begins to decline (dough
development time (3.5)) and the height of the centre of the curve 12 min after that point
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in farinograph unit (FU) (3.2).
Note 2 to entry: In cases where two peaks appear, the second peak is considered to determine the degree of softening.
Note 3 to entry: The degree of softening should be expressed to the nearest 5 farinograph unit (FU).
[5]
Note 4 to entry: This definition is equivalent to ICC 115/1 .
3.8
farinograph quality number
FQN
length along the time axis between the point of the addition of water and the point where the height of the
centre of the curve has decreased by 30 farinograph unit (FU) (3.2) compared to the height of the centre of the
curve at the dough development time (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in millimetres to an accuracy of 1 mm.
4 Principle
Measuring and recording, by means of a farinograph, the consistency of a dough as it is formed from flour and
water, as it is developed and as it changes with time.
NOTE The maximum consistency of the dough is adjusted to a fixed value by adapting the quantity of water added.
The correct water addition, which is called the “water absorption”, is used to obtain a complete mixing curve, the various
features of which are a guide to the rheological properties (strength) of the dough.
5 Reagent
Use only distilled or demineralized water or water conforming to grade 3 in accordance with ISO 3696.
6 Apparatus
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following shall be used.
1)
6.1 Farinograph (see Annex A), with the following operating characteristics:
–1
— slow blade rotational frequency: (63 ± 2) min ; the ratio of the rotatio
...