ISO 7176-3:2003

Wheelchairs — Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes

ISO 7176-3:2003 specifies test methods and disclosure requirements for the effectiveness of brakes of manual wheelchairs and electrically powered wheelchairs, including scooters, intended to carry one person, with a maximum speed not exceeding 15 km/h.

Fauteuils roulants — Partie 3: Détermination de l'efficacité des freins

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 27-Apr-2003
• Withdrawal Date: 27-Apr-2003
• ICS: 11.180.10 - Aids and adaptation for moving
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 173/SC 1 - Wheelchairs
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 173/SC 1/WG 1 - Test methods
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 11-Dec-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO 7176-3:2012 - Wheelchairs — Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes
• Effective Date: 28-Feb-2009
• Revises: ISO 7176-3:1988 - Wheelchairs — Part 3: Determination of efficiency of brakes
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7176-3
Second edition
2003-04-15


Wheelchairs —
Part 3:
Determination of effectiveness of brakes
Fauteuils roulants —
Partie 3: Détermination de l'efficacité des freins




Reference number
ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003

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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus. 2
6 Preparation of the test wheelchair . 3
7 Brake performance. 3
7.1 General. 3
7.2 Parking brakes. 4
7.3 Running brakes, normal operation . 4
7.4 Running brakes, operation by reverse command . 5
7.5 Running brakes, emergency operation . 5
8 Parking brakes fatigue. 5
9 Test report. 6
10 Disclosure of results. 6
Annex A (normative) Method for determining brake lever operating force . 8
Annex B (informative) Test method for determining the performance of running brakes on
manual wheelchairs . 10


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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7176-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Technical systems and aids for disabled or
handicapped persons, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7176-3:1988), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs:
 Part 1: Determination of static stability
 Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs
 Part 3: Determination of the effectiveness of brakes
 Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance
range
 Part 5: Determination of overall dimensions, mass and turning space
 Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs
 Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions
 Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths
 Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs
 Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electric wheelchairs
 Part 11: Test dummies
 Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
 Part 14: Power and control systems for electric wheelchairs — Requirements and test methods
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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
 Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling
 Part 16: Resistance to ignition of upholstered parts — Requirements and test methods
 Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles
 Part 22: Set-up procedures
 Part 23: Requirements and test methods for attendant-operated stair-climbing devices
The following parts are also on the programme of work:
 Part 20: Determination of the performance of stand-up type wheelchairs
 Part 21: Requirements and test methods for electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered
wheelchairs and motorized scooters
 Part 24: Requirements and test methods for user-operated stair-climbing devices
A Technical Report (ISO/TR 13570:2001, Guidelines for the application of the ISO 7176 series on
wheelchairs) is also available giving a simplified explanation of these parts of ISO 7176.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-3:2003(E)

Wheelchairs —
Part 3:
Determination of effectiveness of brakes
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7176 specifies test methods for the measurement of the effectiveness of brakes of manual
wheelchairs and electrically powered wheelchairs, including scooters, intended to carry one person, with a
maximum speed not exceeding 15 km/h. It also specifies disclosure requirements for the manufacturer.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6440, Wheelchairs — Nomenclature, terms and definitions
ISO 7176-6, Wheelchairs — Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of
electric wheelchairs
ISO 7176-11, Wheelchairs — Part 11: Test dummies
ISO 7176-13, Wheelchairs — Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
ISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs — Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling
ISO 7176-22, Wheelchairs — Part 22: Set-up procedures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6440 and the following apply.
3.1
running brake
means to stop or to slow the wheelchair
3.2
control device
means by which the user directs an electrically powered wheelchair to move at the desired speed and/or in
the desired direction of travel
3.3
parking brake
means to keep the wheelchair stationary
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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
3.4
tipping
movement of the wheelchair occurring when the force under its uphill wheels becomes zero whilst negotiating
a test slope or when the force under all trailing wheels becomes zero whilst travelling on the horizontal test
surface
3.5
sliding
movement of the wheelchair across the test surface without rotation of its braked wheels
4 Principle
A number of wheelchair braking operations are carried out and the resulting responses of the wheelchair are
measured and observed.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Rigid, flat, horizontal test plane with a coefficient of friction as specified in ISO 7176-13, of sufficient
size to conduct the tests and within a test environment at 20 °C ± 10 °C.
NOTE 1 An area of approximately 10 m by 3 m is normally of sufficient size.
NOTE 2 The floor of a typical large building used for manufacturing or indoor leisure with, for example, a wooden,
concrete, or asphalt floor is acceptable.
5.2 Adjustable test plane, a rigid, flat test plane within a test environment at 20 °C ± 10 °C, and which:
a) is large enough to accommodate the test wheelchair;
b) has a surface which lies between two imaginary parallel planes 5 mm apart throughout the test and which
has a coefficient of friction as specified in ISO 7176-13;
c) has a slope which can be adjusted from the horizontal about a single axis:
1) if the slope of the test plane is increased in a continuous fashion, the rate of increase in the slope
o
should not exceed 1 /s as the angle of wheelchair instability is approached;
2) if the slope of the test plane is increased in a stepwise fashion, the movement between steps should
be sufficiently smooth that it does not affect the test results.
NOTE A range of angles from horizontal to 25° is usually adequate for most wheelchairs.
5.3 Rigid, flat, inclined test ramp within a test environment at 20 °C ± 10 °C, with a coefficient of friction
as specified in ISO 7176-13 and with inclinations of 3° ± 0,5°, 6° ± 0,5° and 10° ± 0,5° relative to the horizontal.
NOTE 1 This may be either three separate fixed ramps or a single ramp with adjustable inclination.
NOTE 2 An area of approximately 10 m by 3 m is normally of sufficient size for each ramp, but testing of larger
wheelchairs may require larger ramps.
5.4 Test dummy, as specified in ISO 7176-11, or a human test driver.
NOTE 1 If a dummy is used, remote control devices may be used to operate the wheelchair controls.
NOTE 2 If a human driver is used, care should be taken during the test to minimize any movement of the driver’s
position or posture within the chair as this may affect the results.
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ISO 7176-3:2003(E)
5.5 Supplementary weights to add to the human test driver to give the mass distribution equivalent to the
relevant dummy.
5.6 Braking distance measurement equipment to measure the braking distance of a wheelchair with an
accuracy of ± 50 mm.
5.7 Inclinometer to measure the angle of the slope of the test plane with respect to the horizontal to an
accuracy of ± 0,2°.
5.8 Force measurement equipment to measure force with an accuracy of 5 % over a range of 10 N to
250 N.
5.9 Repetitive brake operating system to operate the parking brakes from the brake-off position to the
brake-on position and return to the brake-off position 60 000 times at a frequency not exceeding 0,5 Hz such
that the means does not apply forces in excess of 1,5 times the force required to operate the brakes.
6 Preparation of the test wheelchair
Prepare the test wheelchair as follows before commencing the sequence of tests.
a) Set up the wheelchair with the test dummy as specified in ISO 7176-22 and add restraints to minimize
movement. If a human test driver is used, set up the wheelchair as specified in ISO 7176-2 and with the
driver in a position similar to that specified for the test dummy.
b) For wheelchairs with adjustable brakes, adjust the brakes as specified by the manufacturer in the user
manual or, if the manufacturer gives no speci
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