ISO/TS 16843-2:2015
(Main)Health informatics — Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture — Part 2: Needling
Health informatics — Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture — Part 2: Needling
The purpose of ISO/TS 16843-2:2015 is to specify categorial structures within the subject field of acupuncture by defining a set of domain constraints for use within terminological resources. This Technical Specification describes a concept system detailing domain constraints of sanctioned characteristics, each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category. The potential benefits of ISO/TS 16843-2:2015 include: a) support for developers of new terminology systems concerning acupuncture needling; b) support for developers of new detailed content areas of existing terminology systems concerning acupuncture needling procedures to ensure accuracy, repeatability and comparability; c) facilitating the representation of acupuncture needling procedures using a standard core model in a manner suitable for computer processing; d) providing a conceptual framework for the generation of compositional concept representation of acupuncture needling; e) facilitating the mapping and improved semantic correspondence between different terminologies by proposing a core specification for acupuncture needling; f) providing a core model to describe the structure of acupuncture, and facilitate improved semantic correspondence with information models; g) providing a tool for acupuncture text mining, database construction, ancient documents processing and wide area of acupuncture information collection and processing; h) providing a new method for researchers to conduct relevant research, and ideas for the development of acupuncture disciplines. Target groups include: - stakeholders such as companies that offer systems that incorporate Electronic Categorial Structures, by helping building knowledge databases or automatic processing of medical literature, and - doctors, who can be better assisted with knowledge and documentation of needling procedures. This Technical Specification can also be used in clinical decision support and to help in data mining for researchers.
Informatique de santé — Structures catégoriques pour la représentation de l'acupuncture — Partie 2: Puncture
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Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 16843-2
First edition
2015-12-15
Health informatics — Categorial
structures for representation of
acupuncture —
Part 2:
Needling
Informatique de santé — Structures catégoriques pour la
représentation de l’acupuncture —
Partie 2: Puncture
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 List of authorized representation of semantic links for acupuncture needling .3
4.1 Measures . 3
4.2 Uses . 3
4.3 Causes . 3
4.4 Result_of. 3
4.5 Evaluation_of . 3
4.6 Co-occurs_with . 4
4.7 Precedes . 4
5 Categorial structures for representation of acupuncture needling .4
5.1 Conformance principles . 4
5.2 Overview . 4
5.3 Characterizing categories . 6
5.3.1 Insertion technique . 6
5.3.2 Insertion parameters . 6
5.3.3 Stimulation technique with manipulation . 6
5.3.4 Withdrawing method . 6
5.3.5 Supplementation and draining method . 6
5.3.6 Additional stimulation method . 7
5.3.7 Response sought . 7
5.3.8 Acupuncture effects . . 7
5.3.9 Abnormal situation . 7
5.3.10 Needle type . 7
5.3.11 Needle characteristic . . 7
5.3.12 Stimulation dose of additional stimulation method . 8
5.3.13 Needle retention time . 8
5.3.14 Sham acupuncture . 8
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 215, Health informatics.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In this Technical Specification, acupuncture is a branch of traditional Chinese medicine which mainly
involves the theory of meridians, location, usage, indications and combinations of acupoints, needling
manipulations and application of ignited moxa in the treatment of disease through regulation of qi,
blood and visceral functions.
Acupuncture therapy is widely practiced as a part of complementary and alternative medicine
throughout East Asia and also in western countries.
A guideline for reporting acupuncture interventions in clinical trials is already available, and a large
number of clinical trials have been conducted to assess efficacy and efficiency of acupuncture therapy.
However, the descriptions of acupuncture interventions in clinical reports tend to be insufficient for
interpretation of heterogeneity among trials, often causing difficulties for data synthesis in meta-
analyses. This arises for three reasons: firstly because an appropriate information structure of
acupuncture needling is not used, secondly because certain concepts within traditional medicine
practice in the western pacific-rim region originated in China and are frequently not sufficiently
considered, and thirdly because semantic associations between concepts of acupuncture needling need
to be explicitly identified.
This Technical Specification defines the categorial structures within the subject field of acupuncture
needling in order to address these problems.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16843-2:2015(E)
Health informatics — Categorial structures for
representation of acupuncture —
Part 2:
Needling
1 Scope
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify categorial structures within the subject field of
acupuncture by defining a set of domain constraints for use within terminological resources.
This Technical Specification describes a concept system detailing domain constraints of sanctioned
characteristics, each composed of a semantic link and an applicable characterizing category.
The potential benefits of this Technical Specification include:
a) support for developers of new terminology systems concerning acupuncture needling;
b) support for developers of new detailed content areas of existing terminology systems concerning
acupuncture needling procedures to ensure accuracy, repeatability and comparability;
c) facilitating the representation of acupuncture needling procedures using a standard core model in
a manner suitable for computer processing;
d) providing a conceptual framework for the generation of compositional concept representation of
acupuncture needling;
e) facilitating the mapping and improved semantic correspondence between different terminologies
by proposing a core specification for acupuncture needling;
f) providing a core model to describe the structure of acupuncture, and facilitate improved semantic
correspondence with information models;
g) providing a tool for acupuncture text mining, database construction, ancient documents processing
and wide area of acupuncture information collection and processing;
h) providing a new method for researchers to conduct relevant research, and ideas for the development
of acupuncture disciplines.
Target groups include:
— stakeholders such as companies that offer systems that incorporate Electronic Categorial Structures,
by helping building knowledge databases or automatic processing of medical literature, and
— doctors, who can be better assisted with knowledge and documentation of needling procedures.
This Technical Specification can also be used in clinical decision support and to help in data mining
for researchers.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 17115, Health informatics — Vocabulary for terminological systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics
Note 1 to entry: A concept can have one or more names. It can be represented using one or more terms, pictures,
icons or sounds.
3.2
categorial structure
minimal set of domain constraints for representing concept systems in a subject field
3.3
category
division of sets of entities regarded as having particular shared characteristics (3.4)
EXAMPLE Oral route, subcutaneous route and all other routes share characteristics particular to the
category route.
Note 1 to entry: Categories may be more or less general. Where one category is subsumed by another, the is a
relation is asserted to obtain a hierarchy between the more specific or subsumed category and the more general
or subsuming category. For example, parenteral route is more general than intravenous route.
3.4
characteristic
abstraction of a property of an entity or of a set of entities
EXAMPLE Fever is a characteristic symptom of flu.
Note 1 to entry: Characteristics are used for describing concepts (3.1) and for differentiating categories (3.3).
3.5
semantic link
formal representation of a directed associative relation or partitive rela
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