ISO/TS 19166:2021
(Main)Geographic information — BIM to GIS conceptual mapping (B2GM)
Geographic information — BIM to GIS conceptual mapping (B2GM)
This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user requirements. The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping mechanisms: — BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD); — BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM); — BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM). This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document. The scope of this document includes the following: — definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description; — definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component; — definition of mapping for export from one schema into another. The following concepts are outside the scope: — definition of any particular mapping application requirement and mechanism; — bi-directional mapping method between BIM and GIS; — definition of physical schema mapping between BIM and GIS; — definition of coordinate system mapping between BIM and GIS. NOTE For cases involving requirements related to Geo-referencing for providing the position and orientation of the BIM model based on GIS, there exist other standards such as ISO 19111 and the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) from buildingSMART on Geo-referencing BIM. — definition of relationship mapping between BIM and GIS; — implementation of the application schema.
Information géographique — Cartographique conceptuelle de BIM à GIS (B2GM)
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19166
First edition
2021-05
Geographic information — BIM to GIS
conceptual mapping (B2GM)
Information géographique — Cartographique conceptuelle de BIM à
GIS (B2GM)
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms and notation . 4
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 4
4.2 UML Notation . 4
5 Conformance . 5
6 Conceptual Framework for BIM to GIS mapping . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Conceptual overview . 5
6.3 Mechanisms . 6
7 BIM to GIS perspective definition . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Mechanisms . 9
7.2.1 Data view . 9
7.2.2 Logic view .10
7.2.3 Style view .10
8 BIM to GIS element mapping .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Mechanism .12
9 BIM to GIS LOD Mapping .13
9.1 General .13
9.2 Mechanism .14
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .16
Annex B (informative) B2G EM and LM example.18
Annex C (informative) Instance example using B2G PD .20
Annex D (informative) CityGML LOD model and mapping .21
Annex E (informative) LOD mapping rule description example .23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Building Information Modelling (BIM) contains rich information related to building elements such as
doors, walls, windows, MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) and others. In addition, BIM models
may include information about other features than buildings, which are relevant to GIS. From the
viewpoint of GIS, there are many benefits related to using BIM information in GIS applications. Some
examples are:
a) Indoor service implementation such as emergency management (routing, evacuation path finding
under fire situation).
b) Outdoor - indoor linkage service, such as seamless navigation.
c) Effective facility/energy/environment management considering objects related BIM based on GIS.
Although there have been some attempts to harvest the rich information contained in BIM models and
use it in GIS, there is no established way to map the information elements between the two modelling
worlds. A proper mapping method is clearly required. Before the implementation of the information
mapping, however, mapping mechanisms for linking appropriate information elements from BIM to GIS
need to be clearly defined. In addition, for the mapping mechanisms to work together, a conceptual
framework for the mapping process based on open standards between BIM and GIS needs to be
established.
This document provides the conceptual framework for BIM to GIS information mapping and required
mapping mechanisms.
A brief explanation of each mapping mechanism follows:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD): supports perspective information representation
depending on the specific requirement such as the urban facility management (UFM). "Perspective"
depends on the use-case. For example, to manage the urban facilities, the required data should be
collected from the various data sources, including BIM model, and transformed to represent in
user-specific perspective. PD defines a Data View to extract the data required and transform the
information from the various data sources.
— BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM): supports the element mapping from BIM model to GIS model.
As the BIM and GIS model schemas are different, B2G EM requires a mapping rule specifying how to
transform from a BIM model to GIS model element.
— BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM): supports the LOD mapping from BIM model to GIS model. LOD
(levels of detail) in GIS is a deliberate choice of data included/excluded from a model to satisfy
certain use cases including visualization. The relevant geometric and other information for the
LODs required in the target GIS model need to be extracted/or queried from the BIM model. This
can be defined by the LOD mapping ruleset.
This document is applicable to information query services such as urban facility management operation.
BIM object visualization in GIS and other application services that require query processing depending
on the relationship between BIM and GIS objects, either in the real or virtual world, will be able to
use the mechanisms defined in this document for mapping the required information elements between
the two systems. Although this document describes mapping information elements from BIM to GIS in
general, the primary concern of this document is mapping BIM models to GIS models for visualization.
The conceptual mapping mechanism defined in this document uses existing international standards
such as Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136-1) and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
(ISO 16739-1). The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)’s Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model
Standard (LandInfra) (OGC 15-111r1) defines the information model of infrastructure such as roads. As
LandInfra has been designed with a common conceptual model between the BIM and GIS communities,
transferring information from LandInfra BIM models to LandInfra GIS models should be reasonably
straight forward. This document, therefore, concentrates on mapping from BIM models not based on
LandInfra.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19166:2021(E)
Geographic information — BIM to GIS conceptual mapping
(B2GM)
1 Scope
This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements
from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the
required information based on specific user requirements.
The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three
mapping mechanisms:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD);
— BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM);
— BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM).
This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS
models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is
very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model
between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document.
The scope of this document includes the following:
— definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description;
— definition of BIM to GIS concept
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19166
First edition
2021-05
Geographic information — BIM to GIS
conceptual mapping (B2GM)
Information géographique — Cartographique conceptuelle de BIM à
GIS (B2GM)
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Abbreviated terms and notation . 4
4.1 Abbreviated terms . 4
4.2 UML Notation . 4
5 Conformance . 5
6 Conceptual Framework for BIM to GIS mapping . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Conceptual overview . 5
6.3 Mechanisms . 6
7 BIM to GIS perspective definition . 9
7.1 General . 9
7.2 Mechanisms . 9
7.2.1 Data view . 9
7.2.2 Logic view .10
7.2.3 Style view .10
8 BIM to GIS element mapping .11
8.1 General .11
8.2 Mechanism .12
9 BIM to GIS LOD Mapping .13
9.1 General .13
9.2 Mechanism .14
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .16
Annex B (informative) B2G EM and LM example.18
Annex C (informative) Instance example using B2G PD .20
Annex D (informative) CityGML LOD model and mapping .21
Annex E (informative) LOD mapping rule description example .23
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Building Information Modelling (BIM) contains rich information related to building elements such as
doors, walls, windows, MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) and others. In addition, BIM models
may include information about other features than buildings, which are relevant to GIS. From the
viewpoint of GIS, there are many benefits related to using BIM information in GIS applications. Some
examples are:
a) Indoor service implementation such as emergency management (routing, evacuation path finding
under fire situation).
b) Outdoor - indoor linkage service, such as seamless navigation.
c) Effective facility/energy/environment management considering objects related BIM based on GIS.
Although there have been some attempts to harvest the rich information contained in BIM models and
use it in GIS, there is no established way to map the information elements between the two modelling
worlds. A proper mapping method is clearly required. Before the implementation of the information
mapping, however, mapping mechanisms for linking appropriate information elements from BIM to GIS
need to be clearly defined. In addition, for the mapping mechanisms to work together, a conceptual
framework for the mapping process based on open standards between BIM and GIS needs to be
established.
This document provides the conceptual framework for BIM to GIS information mapping and required
mapping mechanisms.
A brief explanation of each mapping mechanism follows:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD): supports perspective information representation
depending on the specific requirement such as the urban facility management (UFM). "Perspective"
depends on the use-case. For example, to manage the urban facilities, the required data should be
collected from the various data sources, including BIM model, and transformed to represent in
user-specific perspective. PD defines a Data View to extract the data required and transform the
information from the various data sources.
— BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM): supports the element mapping from BIM model to GIS model.
As the BIM and GIS model schemas are different, B2G EM requires a mapping rule specifying how to
transform from a BIM model to GIS model element.
— BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM): supports the LOD mapping from BIM model to GIS model. LOD
(levels of detail) in GIS is a deliberate choice of data included/excluded from a model to satisfy
certain use cases including visualization. The relevant geometric and other information for the
LODs required in the target GIS model need to be extracted/or queried from the BIM model. This
can be defined by the LOD mapping ruleset.
This document is applicable to information query services such as urban facility management operation.
BIM object visualization in GIS and other application services that require query processing depending
on the relationship between BIM and GIS objects, either in the real or virtual world, will be able to
use the mechanisms defined in this document for mapping the required information elements between
the two systems. Although this document describes mapping information elements from BIM to GIS in
general, the primary concern of this document is mapping BIM models to GIS models for visualization.
The conceptual mapping mechanism defined in this document uses existing international standards
such as Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136-1) and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
(ISO 16739-1). The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)’s Land and Infrastructure Conceptual Model
Standard (LandInfra) (OGC 15-111r1) defines the information model of infrastructure such as roads. As
LandInfra has been designed with a common conceptual model between the BIM and GIS communities,
transferring information from LandInfra BIM models to LandInfra GIS models should be reasonably
straight forward. This document, therefore, concentrates on mapping from BIM models not based on
LandInfra.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19166:2021(E)
Geographic information — BIM to GIS conceptual mapping
(B2GM)
1 Scope
This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements
from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the
required information based on specific user requirements.
The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three
mapping mechanisms:
— BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD);
— BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM);
— BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM).
This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS
models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is
very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model
between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document.
The scope of this document includes the following:
— definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description;
— definition of BIM to GIS concept
...
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