ISO/TC 211/WG 10 - Ubiquitous public access

This document defines the conceptual framework and mechanisms for mapping information elements from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to access the required information based on specific user requirements. The conceptual framework for mapping BIM information to GIS is defined with the following three mapping mechanisms: —   BIM to GIS Perspective Definition (B2G PD); —   BIM to GIS Element Mapping (B2G EM); —   BIM to GIS LOD Mapping (B2G LM). This document does not describe physical schema integration or mapping between BIM and GIS models because the physical schema integration or mapping between two heterogeneous models is very complex and can cause a variety of ambiguity problems. Developing a unified information model between BIM and GIS is a desirable goal, but it is out of the scope of this document. The scope of this document includes the following: —   definition for BIM to GIS conceptual mapping requirement description; —   definition of BIM to GIS conceptual mapping framework and component; —   definition of mapping for export from one schema into another. The following concepts are outside the scope: —   definition of any particular mapping application requirement and mechanism; —   bi-directional mapping method between BIM and GIS; —   definition of physical schema mapping between BIM and GIS; —   definition of coordinate system mapping between BIM and GIS. NOTE         For cases involving requirements related to Geo-referencing for providing the position and orientation of the BIM model based on GIS, there exist other standards such as ISO 19111 and the Information Delivery Manual (IDM) from buildingSMART on Geo-referencing BIM. —   definition of relationship mapping between BIM and GIS; —   implementation of the application schema.

This document specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. This document is applicable to transportation, utilities, environmental protection, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects. For ease of reading, most examples discussed in this document come from the transportation domain.

This document facilitates an understanding of the Ubiquitous Public Access (UPA) context information model, as defined in ISO 19154, to establish a UPA-to-Geographic Information (GI) environment. In addition, this document illustrates how the UPA context information model is designed and implemented to provide an air quality information service from a geographic information system (GIS)-based air quality information system. The UPA context information model for air quality information is only a sample of all possible examples to realize the UPA-to-GI that could satisfy the requirements of ISO 19154.

ISO 19155-2:2017 defines the following three mechanisms for linking Place Identifiers (PIs) (see ISO 19155) to features or objects existing in other encodings: - Id attribute of a GML object (gml:id) as defined in ISO 19136; - Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) as defined in IETF RFC 4122; - Uniform Resource Locator (URL) as defined in IETF RFC 1738. These PI linking mechanisms are enabled using xlink:href as defined in W3C XML Linking Language (XLink). While the identifiers of these features or objects can sometimes identify a place, within the scope of this document, the identifiers of features or objects existing in other encoding domains are referred to conceptually as other identifiers. This document further defines that when PIs are encoded, as specified in ISO 19155, using the Geography Markup Language (GML) (ISO 19136), they are linked using gml:id to other GML encoded features. The details of encoding GML instances using gml:id are specified in a normative annex. Additional normative annexes define encodings for linking Place Identifiers to other identifiers using UUID and URL and present examples for their use. ISO 19155-2:2017 is applicable to location-based services, linked open data, robotic assisted services and other application domains that require a relationship between PIs and objects in either the real or virtual world. ISO 19155-2:2017 is not about creating a registry of Place Identifiers linked to specific features or objects, and support of linking mechanisms other than gml:id, UUID, and URL is out of the scope of this document.

ISO 19147:2015 specifies the data types and code lists associated with those types for the implementation of transfer nodes and their services in transport modelling and location based services. It includes the following: ? defines transfer nodes in a multimodal way so that the definition is general and valid for all types of transport means and modes; ? links transfer nodes to a location; ? focuses on the attributes defining the transfer node in relation to nodes in mode-specific networks; ? defines the attributes of transfer nodes that are relevant for travel planning and modelling of interoperable transport systems by transport planners; ? defines a set of services and facilities that may be related to transfer nodes and a way to provide information on accessibility, deviations and restrictions related to these services and facilities. ISO 19147:2015 is applicable for transport infrastructure owners and operators when defining and/or describing their transport infrastructure and for transport-related Service Providers when providing information to travellers and others. It is limited to the transport of persons and is also limited to the static getting-on and getting-off points. The main focus is on transfer nodes being part of public transport networks, that are located in road networks, but this International Standard is also applicable for transfer nodes in rail networks and in air and sea transport networks.

ISO 19154:2014 defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing ? Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746‑1 and ISO 19101. The reference model specified in ISO 19154:2014 defines the following: ? conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information; ? a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area; ? the semantics of information and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; ? the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards. ISO 19154 is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing environments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, ISO 19154:2014 is independent of any application development method or technology implementation approach.

ISO 19155:2012 specifies an architecture that defines a reference model with an encoding method for an identifier of a place. The concept of "place" within ISO 19155:2012 includes "places" not only in the real world but also those in the virtual world. These "places" are identified using either coordinate identifiers, geographic identifiers, or virtual world identifiers such as URI. In ISO 19155:2012, an identifier of a place is referred to as a Place Identifier (PI). The reference model defines a mechanism to match multiple Place Identifiers to the same place. In addition, a data structure and set of service interfaces are also defined in this reference model. ISO 19155:2012 is applicable to location based services, emergency management services and other application domains that require a common architecture, across specific domains, for the representation of place descriptions using coordinate, geographic, or virtual world identifiers.

ISO 19148:2012 specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing. ISO 19148:2012 is applicable to transportation, utilities, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects.