ISO 10381-6:2009
(Main)Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
ISO 10381-6:2009 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for subsequent testing under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. The recommendations in this document are not applicable to the handling of soil where anaerobic conditions are to be maintained throughout. ISO 10381-6:2009 is mainly applicable to temperate soils. Soils collected from extreme climates (e.g. permafrost, tropical soils) may require special handling.
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage — Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité microbiens
L'ISO 10381-6:2009 propose des lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à des essais en laboratoire. L'ISO 10381-6:2009 s'applique principalement aux sols tempérés. Les sols collectés de lieux où les climats sont extrêmes (par exemple le pergélisol, les sols tropicaux) peuvent nécessiter une manipulation particulière.
Kakovost tal - Vzorčenje - 6. del. Navodilo za zbiranje, ravnanje in hranjenje tal pri aerobnih pogojih za oceno aerobnih mikrobioloških procesov, biomase in raznolikosti v laboratoriju
Ta del ISO 10381 podaja navodilo za zbiranje, ravnanje in hranjenje tal za poznejše preskušanje pri aerobnih pogojih. Priporočila v tem dokumentu ne veljajo za ravnanja s tlemi, kjer se morajo vseskozi vzdrževati anaerobni pogoji. Ta del ISO 10381 se uporablja predvsem za tla zmernega pasu. Tla v ekstremnih podnebnih razmerah (npr. permafrost, tropska tla) lahko zahtevajo posebno ravnanje.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10381-6
Second edition
2009-03-15
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 6:
Guidance on the collection, handling and
storage of soil under aerobic conditions
for the assessment of microbiological
processes, biomass and diversity in the
laboratory
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la
conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à
l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la
diversité microbiens
Reference number
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
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parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2009
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
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Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Procedure . 1
3.1 Selection of sampling locations. 1
3.2 Description of field site . 2
3.3 Sampling conditions. 2
3.4 Sampling methods. 2
3.5 Sample marking . 2
3.6 Transportation conditions . 2
3.7 Soil processing . 2
3.8 Storage conditions and storage periods. 3
3.9 Pre-incubation. 4
4 Sampling report . 4
Bibliography . 6
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10381-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological
methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10381-6:1993), Subclauses 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and
Clause 4 of which have been technically revised. Table 1 has been added.
ISO 10381 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality — Sampling:
⎯ Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes
⎯ Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques
⎯ Part 3: Guidance on safety
⎯ Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites
⎯ Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil
contamination
⎯ Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the
assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
⎯ Part 7: Guidance on sampling of soil gas
⎯ Part 8: Guidance on sampling of stockpiles
iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
Introduction
Soils are both complex and heterogeneous because they consist of both living and non-living components
occurring in different combinations. Therefore, the condition of the soil, from collection to completion of an
experiment, should be considered in relation to effects on the soil microflora. Temperature, water content,
availability of oxygen and duration of storage are all known to affect the soil microflora, and thus the
processes they mediate.
Soils can however be used effectively in laboratory systems to investigate microbially-mediated processes,
provided that the dynamics of the living microflora are appreciated. This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance
on the collection, handling and storage of soil for laboratory use where aerobic microbial activity is the main
component of the study. It describes how to minimize the effects of differences in temperature, water content
[10], [11]
and availability of oxygen on aerobic processes to facilitate reproducible laboratory determinations .
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 6:
Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under
aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological
processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for subsequent
testing under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. The recommendations in this document are not applicable
to the handling of soil where anaerobic conditions are to be maintained throughout.
This part of ISO 10381 is mainly applicable to temperate soils. Soils collected from extreme climates
(e.g. permafrost, tropical soils) may require special handling.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
aerobic
descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is freely available
2.2
anaerobic
descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is not available
2.3
water content on a dry mass basis
mass of water evaporating from the soil when dried to constant mass at 105 °C divided by the dry mass of the
soil and multiplied by 100
[ISO 11465:1993, 3.2]
3 Procedure
3.1 Selection of sampling locations
The locations of the sites from which samples are taken should be selected according to the purpose of the
study.
These locations should be identified and recorded, e.g. on a map by reference to easily recognizable static
objects or by using a detailed map reference or by GIS. If practicable, the locations should be marked so that
they may be used for comparative tests or for obtaining replicate samples.
© ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(E)
3.2 Description of field site
Selection of a soil sampling site depends on the purpose of a particular study, and knowledge of the field site
history is always desirable. The site should be accurately described and its history given. Details of vegetation
cover, the morphology of the sampling area (e.g. flat area, slopes, steepness), and of chemical and biological
additions or accidental contamination, should be recorded and reported.
3.3 Sampling conditions
Soil required for studies conducted under laboratory conditions should, if practicable, be sampled in the field
with a soil water content which facilitates sieving. Sampling should, unless the purpose of the study requires
otherwise, be avoided during or immediately following long periods (e.g. 1 month) of drought, freezing or
flooding. If laboratory tests are to be used for field monitoring, conditions existing in the field should be
accepted. Soil samples may be frozen before investigations of, for example, ammonium oxidations.
3.4 Sampling methods
The sampling technique depends on the purpose of the study. If aerobic agricultural soil is required, sampling
is usually conducted to the actual ploughing depth. Any surface vegetation cover, moss-covered litter layer,
visible roots, large pieces of plant or woody plant litter and visible soil fauna should be removed to minimize
the addition of fresh organic carbon to the soil. Organic constituents introduced from roots or other sources
can cause unpredictable changes in the activities and composition of the soil microflora. If natural soils show
distinct horizons, samples should be taken from these horizons.
3.5 Sample marking
Sample containers should be clearly and unambiguously marked and identified so that each sample can be
related to the location
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Qualité du sol - Échantillonnage - Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité microbiensSoil quality - Sampling - Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory13.080.05Preiskava tal na splošnoExamination of soils in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 10381-6:2009SIST ISO 10381-6:2011en,fr01-marec-2011SIST ISO 10381-6:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ISO 10381-6:19971DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
Reference numberISO 10381-6:2009(E)© ISO 2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO10381-6Second edition2009-03-15Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage — Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité microbiens
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ©
ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
copyright@iso.org Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Terms and definitions.1 3 Procedure.1 3.1 Selection of sampling locations.1 3.2 Description of field site.2 3.3 Sampling conditions.2 3.4 Sampling methods.2 3.5 Sample marking.2 3.6 Transportation conditions.2 3.7 Soil processing.2 3.8 Storage conditions and storage periods.3 3.9 Pre-incubation.4 4 Sampling report.4 Bibliography.6
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10381-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10381-6:1993), Subclauses 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and Clause 4 of which have been technically revised. Table 1 has been added. ISO 10381 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality — Sampling: ⎯ Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ⎯ Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques ⎯ Part 3: Guidance on safety ⎯ Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites ⎯ Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination ⎯ Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory ⎯ Part 7: Guidance on sampling of soil gas ⎯ Part 8: Guidance on sampling of stockpiles SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved vIntroduction Soils are both complex and heterogeneous because they consist of both living and non-living components occurring in different combinations. Therefore, the condition of the soil, from collection to completion of an experiment, should be considered in relation to effects on the soil microflora. Temperature, water content, availability of oxygen and duration of storage are all known to affect the soil microflora, and thus the processes they mediate. Soils can however be used effectively in laboratory systems to investigate microbially-mediated processes, provided that the dynamics of the living microflora are appreciated. This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for laboratory use where aerobic microbial activity is the main component of the study. It describes how to minimize the effects of differences in temperature, water content and availability of oxygen on aerobic processes to facilitate reproducible laboratory determinations [10], [11].
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory 1 Scope This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for subsequent testing under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. The recommendations in this document are not applicable to the handling of soil where anaerobic conditions are to be maintained throughout. This part of ISO 10381 is mainly applicable to temperate soils. Soils collected from extreme climates (e.g. permafrost, tropical soils) may require special handling. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aerobic descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is freely available 2.2 anaerobic descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is not available 2.3 water content on a dry mass basis mass of water evaporating from the soil when dried to constant mass at 105 °C divided by the dry mass of the soil and multiplied by 100 [ISO 11465:1993, 3.2] 3 Procedure 3.1 Selection of sampling locations The locations of the sites from which samples are taken should be selected according to the purpose of the study. These locations should be identified and recorded, e.g. on a map by reference to easily recognizable static objects or by using a detailed map reference or by GIS. If practicable, the locations should be marked so that they may be used for comparative tests or for obtaining replicate samples. SIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3.2 Description of field site Selection of a soil sampling site depends on the purpose of a particular study, and knowledge of the field site history is always desirable. The site should be accurately described and its history given. Details of vegetation cover, the morphology of the sampling area (e.g. flat area, slopes, steepness), and of chemical and biological additions or accidental contamination, should be recorded and reported. 3.3 Sampling conditions Soil required for studies conducted under laboratory conditions should, if practicable, be sampled in the field with a soil water content which facilitates sieving. Sampling should, unless the purpose of the study requires otherwise, be avoided during or immediately following long periods (e.g. 1 month) of drought, freezing or flooding. If laboratory tests are to be used for field monitoring, conditions existing in the field should be accepted. Soil samples may be frozen before investigations of, for example, ammonium oxidations. 3.4 Sampling methods The sampling technique depends on the purpose of the study. If aerobic agricultural soil is required, sampling is usually conducted to the actual ploughing depth. Any surface vegetation cover, moss-covered litter layer, visible roots, large pieces of plant or woody
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Qualité du sol - Échantillonnage - Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité microbiensSoil quality - Sampling - Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory13.080.05Preiskava tal na splošnoExamination of soils in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 10381-6:2009oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011en,fr01-januar-2011oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
Reference numberISO 10381-6:2009(E)© ISO 2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO10381-6Second edition2009-03-15Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage — Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité microbiens
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ©
ISO 2009 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel.
+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax
+ 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail
copyright@iso.org Web
www.iso.org Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Terms and definitions.1 3 Procedure.1 3.1 Selection of sampling locations.1 3.2 Description of field site.2 3.3 Sampling conditions.2 3.4 Sampling methods.2 3.5 Sample marking.2 3.6 Transportation conditions.2 3.7 Soil processing.2 3.8 Storage conditions and storage periods.3 3.9 Pre-incubation.4 4 Sampling report.4 Bibliography.6
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) iv © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 10381-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 4, Biological methods. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10381-6:1993), Subclauses 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 and Clause 4 of which have been technically revised. Table 1 has been added. ISO 10381 consists of the following parts, under the general title Soil quality — Sampling: ⎯ Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes ⎯ Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques ⎯ Part 3: Guidance on safety ⎯ Part 4: Guidance on the procedure for investigation of natural, near-natural and cultivated sites ⎯ Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination ⎯ Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory ⎯ Part 7: Guidance on sampling of soil gas ⎯ Part 8: Guidance on sampling of stockpiles oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved vIntroduction Soils are both complex and heterogeneous because they consist of both living and non-living components occurring in different combinations. Therefore, the condition of the soil, from collection to completion of an experiment, should be considered in relation to effects on the soil microflora. Temperature, water content, availability of oxygen and duration of storage are all known to affect the soil microflora, and thus the processes they mediate. Soils can however be used effectively in laboratory systems to investigate microbially-mediated processes, provided that the dynamics of the living microflora are appreciated. This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for laboratory use where aerobic microbial activity is the main component of the study. It describes how to minimize the effects of differences in temperature, water content and availability of oxygen on aerobic processes to facilitate reproducible laboratory determinations [10], [11].
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10381-6:2009(E) © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 1Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory 1 Scope This part of ISO 10381 provides guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for subsequent testing under aerobic conditions in the laboratory. The recommendations in this document are not applicable to the handling of soil where anaerobic conditions are to be maintained throughout. This part of ISO 10381 is mainly applicable to temperate soils. Soils collected from extreme climates (e.g. permafrost, tropical soils) may require special handling. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 aerobic descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is freely available 2.2 anaerobic descriptive of a condition in which molecular oxygen is not available 2.3 water content on a dry mass basis mass of water evaporating from the soil when dried to constant mass at 105 °C divided by the dry mass of the soil and multiplied by 100 [ISO 11465:1993, 3.2] 3 Procedure 3.1 Selection of sampling locations The locations of the sites from which samples are taken should be selected according to the purpose of the study. These locations should be identified and recorded, e.g. on a map by reference to easily recognizable static objects or by using a detailed map reference or by GIS. If practicable, the locations should be marked so that they may be used for comparative tests or for obtaining replicate samples. oSIST ISO 10381-6:2011
ISO 10381-6:2009(E) 2 © ISO 2009 – All rights reserved 3.2 Description of field site Selection of a soil sampling site depends on the purpose of a particular study, and knowledge of the field site history is always desirable. The site should be accurately described and its history given. Details of vegetation cover, the morphology of the sampling area (e.g. flat area, slopes, steepness), and of chemical and biological additions or accidental contamination, should be recorded and reported. 3.3 Sampling conditions Soil required for studies conducted under laboratory conditions should, if practicable, be sampled in the field with a soil water content which facilitates sieving. Sampling should, unless the purpose of the study requires otherwise, be avoided during or immediately following long periods (e.g. 1 month) of drought, freezing or flooding. If laboratory tests are to be used for field monitoring, conditions existing in the field should be accepted. Soil samples may be frozen before investigations of, for example, ammonium oxidations. 3.4 Sampling methods The sampling technique depends on the purpose of the study. If aerobic agricultural soil is required, sampling is usually conducted to the actual ploughing depth. Any surface vegetation cover, moss-covered litter layer, visible roots, large pieces of plant or woody plant litte
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 10381-6
Deuxième édition
2009-03-15
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 6:
Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la
manipulation et la conservation, dans des
conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à
l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus,
de la biomasse et de la diversité
microbiens
Soil quality — Sampling —
Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under
aerobic conditions for the assessment of microbiological processes,
biomass and diversity in the laboratory
Numéro de référence
ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
©
ISO 2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2009 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Termes et définitions. 1
3 Mode opératoire . 1
3.1 Choix des sites d'échantillonnage. 1
3.2 Description du lieu de prélèvement. 2
3.3 Conditions d'échantillonnage. 2
3.4 Méthodes d'échantillonnage. 2
3.5 Étiquetage des échantillons . 2
3.6 Conditions de transport . 2
3.7 Traitement du sol. 2
3.8 Conditions et durées de conservation . 3
3.9 Pré-incubation. 4
4 Rapport d'essai. 4
Bibliographie . 6
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ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 10381-6 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 190, Qualité du sol, sous-comité SC 4,
Méthodes biologiques.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 10381-6:1993), dont les paragraphes 3.6,
3.7 et 3.8 et l’Article 4 ont fait l'objet d'une révision technique. Le Tableau 1 a été ajouté.
L'ISO 10381 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Qualité du sol —
Échantillonnage:
⎯ Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour l'établissement des programmes d'échantillonnage
⎯ Partie 2: Lignes directrices pour les techniques d'échantillonnage
⎯ Partie 3: Lignes directrices relatives à la sécurité
⎯ Partie 4: Lignes directrices pour les procédures d'investigation des sites naturels, quasi naturels et
cultivés
⎯ Partie 5: Lignes directrices pour la procédure d'investigation des sols pollués en sites urbains et
industriels
⎯ Partie 6: Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la conservation, dans des conditions
aérobies, de sols destinés à l’évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de la diversité
microbiens
⎯ Partie 7: Lignes directrices pour l'échantillonnage des gaz du sol
⎯ Partie 8: Lignes directrices pour l'échantillonnage des stocks de réserve
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ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
Introduction
Les sols sont à la fois complexes et hétérogènes car ils se composent d'éléments biotiques et abiotiques se
présentant sous des combinaisons diverses. Il convient donc de tenir compte de l'état du sol, de sa collecte à
l'aboutissement d'une expérience, tout en observant les répercussions que ces pratiques peuvent avoir sur sa
microflore. Il est bien connu que la température, la teneur en eau, la disponibilité en oxygène et la durée de
conservation affectent la microflore du sol et par conséquent, les processus microbiens qui en résultent.
Les sols peuvent néanmoins être employés de manière efficace dans des dispositifs de laboratoire afin
d'étudier des processus microbiens, à condition de prendre en considération les dynamiques de la microflore
vivante. La présente partie de l'ISO 10381 propose des lignes directrices relatives à la collecte, la
manipulation et la conservation de sols destinés principalement à l'étude en laboratoire de l'activité
microbienne aérobie. Elle décrit comment réduire les conséquences des différences de température, de la
teneur en eau et en oxygène disponible sur les processus aérobies afin d'obtenir des mesures reproductibles
[10], [11]
en laboratoire .
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
Qualité du sol — Échantillonnage —
Partie 6:
Lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la
conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à
l'évaluation en laboratoire des processus, de la biomasse et de
la diversité microbiens
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 10381 propose des lignes directrices pour la collecte, la manipulation et la
conservation, dans des conditions aérobies, de sols destinés à des essais en laboratoire.
La présente partie de l'ISO 10381 s'applique principalement aux sols tempérés. Les sols collectés de lieux où
les climats sont extrêmes (par exemple le pergélisol, les sols tropicaux) peuvent nécessiter une manipulation
particulière.
2 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
2.1
aérobie
description d'un état se caractérisant par une libre disponibilité de l'oxygène moléculaire
2.2
anaérobie
description d'un état se caractérisant par une absence d'oxygène moléculaire
2.3
teneur en eau pondérable
masse d'eau qui s'évapore du sol lorsqu'il est séché jusqu'à masse constante à 105 °C, divisée par la masse
de sol sec et multipliée par 100
[ISO 11465:1993, 3.2]
3 Mode opératoire
3.1 Choix des sites d'échantillonnage
Il convient de choisir les sites de prélèvement des échantillons en fonction des objectifs de l'étude.
Il convient d'identifier et d'enregistrer ces lieux sur une carte, par exemple en prenant comme point de repère
des éléments statiques, faciles à reconnaître, sur une carte de référence détaillée ou par SIG (Système
d'Information Géographique). Dans la mesure du possible, il convient de marquer les emplacements de
manière qu'ils puissent être utilisés pour des essais comparatifs ou pour la réplication des échantillons.
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ISO 10381-6:2009(F)
3.2 Description du lieu de prélèvement
Le choix du site de prélèvement de sol dépend de l'étude particulière envisagée et il est toujours préférable de
connaître l'historique du site de prélèvement. Il convient donc de faire une description précise du site en
question et de fournir son historique. Il convient également d'enregistrer et de noter dans le rapport d'essai les
détails relatifs à la couverture végétale, à la morphologie du site de prélèvement (par exemple s'il s'agit d'une
zone plate, de pentes, d'inclinaisons), aux traitements chimiques et biologiques ainsi qu'à toute pollution
accidentelle.
3.3 Conditions d'échantillonnage
Il convient, dans la mesure du possible, de prélever le sol nécessaire aux études en laboratoire sur le site
avec une teneur en eau du sol facilitant son tamisage. Il convient donc d'éviter de prélever des échantillons
pendant de longues périodes (un mois par exemple), de sécheresse, de gel ou d'inondation ou juste après, à
moins que les besoins de l'étude n'exigent de procéder différemment. Si les essais en laboratoire ont pour
objet la surveillance du lieu de prélèvement, il convient de respecter les conditions telles qu'elles existent sur
le terrain. Il est possible de congeler des échantillons de sol avant d'entreprendre des analyses (par exemple
l'oxydation d'ammonium).
3.4 Méthodes d'échantillonnage
La technique d'échantillonnage dépend des objectifs de l'étude. S'il est nécessaire d'utiliser du sol agricole
aérobie, il est en général échantillonné à la profondeur de labour. Il convient d'éliminer la couverture végétale,
la litière, les racines apparentes, les morceaux de plante importants ou les débris ligneux et la faune du sol
apparente afin de réduire l'apport de carbone organique frais au sol. En effet, l'introduction de composés
organiques provenant de racines ou d'autres sources peut provoquer des changements imprévisibles de
l'activité et de la composition de la microflore du sol. Si les sols naturels présentent des horizons différents, il
convient de prélever des échantillons de chacun de ces horizons.
3.5 Étiquetage des échantillons
Il convient d'étiqueter et d'identifier clairement et sans ambiguïté les récipients contenant chaque échantillon
de façon à pouvoir faire le lien avec leur lieu de prélèvement. Il convient d'éviter l'utilisation de récipients qui
absorbent l'eau du sol ou qui libèrent des composés, par exemple des solvants ou des plastifiants, dans le sol.
3.6 Conditions de transport
Il convient de transporter les échantillons de façon à limiter les modifications
...
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