ISO 7176-19:2001
(Main)Wheelchairs — Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles
Wheelchairs — Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles
Fauteuils roulants — Partie 19: Dispositifs de mobilité montés sur roues et destinés à être utilisés dans des véhicules à moteur
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7176-19
First edition
2001-10-01
Wheelchairs —
Part 19:
Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor
vehicles
Fauteuils roulants —
Partie 19: Dispositifs de mobilité montés sur roues et destinés à être
utilisés dans des véhicules à moteur
Reference number
ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.vi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations.2
4 Design requirements .6
5 Performance requirements.8
6 Identification, labelling, user instructions, warning and disclosure requirements.11
7 Test report .15
Annex A (normative) Test method for frontal impact test .16
Annex B (normative) Specifications for four-point strap-type securement points on wheelchairs.22
Annex C (normative) Test methods for accessibility to four-point strap-type securement points with
hook end-fittings.24
Annex D (informative) Draft test methods for scoring and rating accommodation of vehicle-anchored
belt restraints .27
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for surrogate tiedown devices .30
Bibliography.31
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 7176 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 7176-19 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Technical systems and
aids for disabled or handicapped persons, Subcommittee SC 1, Wheelchairs.
ISO 7176 consists of the following parts, under the general title Wheelchairs:
� Part 1: Determination of static stability
� Part 2: Determination of dynamic stability of electric wheelchairs
� Part 3: Determination of effectiveness of brakes
� Part 4: Energy consumption of electric wheelchairs and scooters for determination of theoretical distance
range
� Part 5: Determination of overall dimensions, mass and turning space
� Part 6: Determination of maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration of electric wheelchairs
� Part 7: Measurement of seating and wheel dimensions
� Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths
� Part 9: Climatic tests for electric wheelchairs
� Part 10: Determination of obstacle-climbing ability of electric wheelchairs
� Part 11: Test dummies
� Part 13: Determination of coefficient of friction of test surfaces
� Part 14: Power and control systems for electric wheelchairs — Requirements and test methods
� Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling
� Part 16: Resistance to ignition of upholstered parts — Requirements and test methods
� Part 22: Set-up procedures
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
The following parts are also on the work programme:
� Part 19: Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles
� Part 21: Electromagnetic compatibility of electrically powered wheelchairs and motorized scooters —
Requirements and test methods
� Part 23: Requirements and test methods for attendant-operated stair-climbing devices
� Part 24: User-operated stair-climbing devices — Requirements and test methods
� Part 25: Requirements and test methods for batteries and their chargers for powered wheelchairs and
motorized scooters
Annexes A to C form a normative part of this part of ISO 7176. Annexes D and E are for information only.
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Introduction
Transportation safety research has verified that the design of the vehicle seat, as well as the occupant restraints
and occupant compartment in motor vehicles, can play a vital role in reducing the severity of injury during a
collision. People with disabilities must often remain in their wheelchairs whilst travelling in motor vehicles as drivers
or passengers. Since most wheelchairs were not designed with this purpose in mind, the majority of wheelchair
users have a lower level of travel safety when seated in their wheelchairs in a moving motor vehicle. Also, if
wheelchairs can be adequately secured in vehicles, the safety of other passengers is enhanced in the case of a
vehicle collision.
This part of ISO 7176 sets out the design, performance requirements and associated test methods for wheelchairs
that are intended for use as a seat in a motor vehicle. The ISO 10542 series for wheelchair tiedown and occupant
restraint systems provides performance requirements and test methods for the equipment necessary to secure a
wheelchair and provide restraint for the wheelchair occupant.
The dynamic test requirements specified in this part of ISO 7176 are representative of conditions that occur in a
48 km/h frontal vehicle impact with a wheelchair forward facing. Dynamic performance of rearward facing
wheelchairs in a frontal impact, and of occupied wheelchairs in rear, side or rollover crashes, may be addressed in
future international standards. Wheelchair impact testing using surrogate wheelchair tiedowns that are
representative of different types of commercial tiedowns may also be addressed in future international standards
(see annex E).
This part of ISO 7176 was developed with the recognition that a wheelchair may be secured by various types of
wheelchair tiedown systems which use different numbers and types of wheelchair securement points and different
types of anchorages. Effective wheelchair securement in the real world requires compatibility of the wheelchair
securement available in transportation vehicles and the method of securement provided on the wheelchair. When
this part of ISO 7176 was developed, there was a large variety of securement systems in use throughout the world.
Of these, the four-point strap-type tiedown was considered to be the most widely used generic securement method.
The requirements of this part of ISO 7176 are also based on well-documented motor vehicle crash statistics, which
clearly indicate that more than fifty per cent of all serious injuries occur in a frontal crash.
For these reasons, this part of ISO 7176 requires that a wheelchair provides for effective securement in a frontal
impact using the four-point strap-type securement system. Thus, a wheelchair shall provide four securement points,
as a minimum, and be dynamically tested when secured by these points, using a four-point strap-type tiedown
system. In addition, this part of ISO 7176 allows for the provision and testing of other methods of securement, such
as clamping or docking systems.
Whilst the four-point strap-type tiedown system has proven to be applicable for a wide range of wheelchairs, it is a
tiedown method that cannot be implemented independently by the wheelchair occupant, and therefore requires
involvement by a second person. Accordingly, it is desirable to progress towards a securement method that can be
implemented independently by the wheelchair-seated passenger. Work has commenced within ISO/TC 173 SC 1
to specify the requirements for a universal interface device (UID) that will facilitate the independent securement of
wheelchairs by docking-type securement devices.
This part of ISO 7176 has also been developed with the recognition that use of a pelvic belt alone as an occupant
restraint does not provide the wheelchair occupant with the same level of crash protection in a frontal impact as
does the use of both a pelvic and an upper torso restraint. Therefore, the provisions and test methods of this part of
ISO 7176 are based on the use of both pelvic and upper torso belt-type restraints.
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
This part of ISO 7176 should be viewed in the totality of daily wheelchair use and the range of standards to which
all wheelchairs are expected to comply. The primary objective of wheelchairs is to serve as effective mobility
devices and, in that respect, they shall first comply with the applicable requirements as set out in the other parts of
the ISO 7176 series. Transportation is, in fact, only one of many daily activities that introduce unique circumstances
and requirements that wheelchairs and wheelchair occupants may experience. Wheelchair products complying with
this part of ISO 7176 will have additional features that provide increased levels of occupant security and safety
whilst their occupants are riding in a motor vehicle. However, a wheelchair's failure to comply with the provisions of
this part of ISO 7176 should not be used to limit access to, and availability of, motor vehicle transportation for
wheelchair users.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Wheelchairs —
Part 19:
Wheeled mobility devices for use in motor vehicles
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7176 specifies wheelchair design and performance requirements and associated test methods, as
well as requirements for wheelchair labelling, presale literature disclosure, user instructions and user warnings.
These requirements are applicable to wheelchairs that are designed to be secured by any type of wheelchair
tiedown in accordance with ISO 10542-1 and any other applicable parts of the ISO 10542 series.
This part of ISO 7176 applies to all manual and powered wheelchairs, including scooters, which, in addition to their
intended function as mobility devices, are also intended for use as forward-facing seating by adult occupants of
motor vehicles. It also applies to wheelchairs with add-on components designed to meet one or more of the
requirements of this part of ISO 7176.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 7176. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 7176 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3795, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning
behaviour of interior materials
ISO 6487, Road vehicles — Measurement techniques in impact tests — Instrumentation
ISO 7176-15, Wheelchairs — Part 15: Requirements for information disclosure, documentation and labelling
ISO 10542-1, Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons — Wheelchair tiedown and
occupant-restraint systems — Part 1: Requirements and test methods for all systems
ISO 10542-2, Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons — Wheelchair tiedown and
occupant-restraint systems — Part 2: Four-point strap-type tiedown systems
FMVSS 20949 CFR part 571.209; Seat Belt Assemblies; Oct. 1, 1992
ECE R 16, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety belts and restraint systems for adult occupants of
power-driven vehicles, revision 3, amendment 2, 16 August 1993
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this part of ISO 7176, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations apply.
3.1
add-on components
hardware that is attached to the wheelchair frame subsequent to sale by the wheelchair manufacturer, in a manner
that requires the use of tools for removal, in order to enhance the design and/or performance of the wheelchair
3.2
adult
person having a mass greater than 36 kg
3.3
anchor point
point (area) on a vehicle interior component, floor, wall, wheelchair or wheelchair tiedown, to which an anchorage is
attached
3.4
anchorage
assembly of components and fittings by which loads are transferred directly from the wheelchair tiedown to the
vehicle, or from the occupant restraint to the vehicle, wheelchair, wheelchair tiedown, or vehicle interior component
3.5
1)
anthropomorphic test device
ATD
articulated physical analogue of a midsize male used to represent a wheelchair occupant in a test
3.6
belt
length of webbing material used as part of an occupant restraint or postural support
3.7
clamp-type tiedown
method of wheelchair securement or tiedown that uses mechanical linkages and/or grips that require manual
positioning of the end-fittings on the wheelchair
NOTE Tightening of the tiedown on the wheelchair may be either by manual effort or by an external power source that is
operated by an electrical switch.
3.8
docking-type tiedown
method of wheelchair securement by which portions of the wheelchair, or add-on components fastened to the
wheelchair, align and mate with anchorages fastened to the vehicle upon movement of the wheelchair into position
in the vehicle
NOTE 1 Lockdown of the wheelchair may occur automatically during wheelchair engagement, or may require manual
intervention through operation of a mechanical lever or electrical switch.
NOTE 2 Release of the wheelchair may require operation of a mechanical lever or an electrical switch.
3.9
excursion
horizontal movement of an ATD or wheelchair target relative to its initial position on an impact sled during a test
1) Hybrid II and Hybrid III ATDS can be purchased from: First Technology Safety Systems, Inc., Plymouth, Michigan, USA and
Vector Research, Inc., Milan, Ohio, USA.
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
3.10
forward-facing
orientation in which the wheelchair-seated occupant faces the front of the vehicle with the wheelchair reference
plane within ten degrees of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
3.11
four-point tiedown
wheelchair tiedown system that attaches to the wheelchair frame at four separate securement points and also
attaches to the vehicle at four separate anchor points
3.12
four-point strap-type tiedown
four-point tiedown that uses four strap assemblies to secure the wheelchair in the vehicle
3.13
g
–2
abbreviation for acceleration due to gravity measured at sea level: one g is equal to 9,8 ms
NOTE The term is used to specify the levels of accelerations and/or decelerations in simulation impact testing.
3.14
H-point
point located on the left and right sides of the pelvic region of an anthropomorphic test device (ATD) that
represents the approximate locations of the human hip joint centres in the side views, as specified by the ATD
manufacturer
3.15
head restraint
device intended to limit rearward displacement of the wheelchair occupant’s head
3.16
impact simulator
device for accelerating, decelerating, or a combination of decelerating and accelerating, a section of a vehicle or
simulated vehicle structures, including instrumentation for measuring data required by this part of ISO 7176
3.17
impact sled
part of an impact simulator on which components can be mounted for impact testing
3.18
occupant restraint
system or device intended to restrain a motor-vehicle occupant during an impact in order to prevent ejection, and
prevent or minimize contact with the vehicle interior components and other occupants
3.19
pelvic restraint
pelvic belt
lap belt
lap restraint
lower torso restraint
belt restraint assembly intended to limit movement of the pelvis
NOTE See Figure 1.
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Key
1 Diagonal shoulder belt 2 Pelvic belt
NOTE Use of a pelvic belt alone is not recommended in transport.
Figure 1 — Pelvic and upper torso belt
3.20
point P
reference point that lies at the cross-sectional centre of a 100 mm diameter, 200 mm long, lightweight (max. 0,5 kg)
cylinder positioned with the longitudinal axis perpendicular to the wheelchair reference plane, such that the curved
surface of the cylinder contacts with the backrest and the upper surface of the seat
NOTE See Figure 2.
Key
1 Cylinder, diameter 100 mm
a
Wheelchair reference plane
b
Wheelchair ground plane
Figure 2 — Wheelchair reference point P and wheelchair reference plane
3.21
postural support
postural belt
component or belt used to support a person in a desired seated position, but not intended to provide occupant-
restraint in a vehicle impact
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
3.22
power(ed)
systems which are operated by means of an energy source other than manual effort
3.23
securement points
points on the wheelchair to which wheelchair tiedowns connect
3.24
strap
length of webbing material used in a wheelchair tiedown
3.25
surrogate tiedown
wheelchair securement system used during wheelchair testing to simulate commercial tiedown systems
NOTE Guidelines are provided in annex E.
3.26
tilt-in-space
type of wheelchair seat design that allows the complete seat structure to rotate in the wheelchair reference plane
relative to and about an axis located on the wheelchair base
3.27
upper torso restraint
shoulder belt
diagonal belt
diagonal restraint
torso harness
portion of the occupant restraint intended to limit movement of the chest and head by application of restraint forces
to the shoulders and chest
3.28
wheelchair footprint
space outlined on the horizontal wheelchair ground plane by projecting vertically down from the outermost edges of
the structural members that comprise the mobile base and seat of the wheelchair
3.29
wheelchair ground plane
plane representing the surface on which the wheelchair rests
NOTE See Figure 2.
3.30
wheelchair reference plane
vertical plane in longitudinal centreline of the wheelchair
NOTE See Figure 2.
3.31
wheelchair tiedown
wheelchair securement
device or system designed to secure a forward-facing wheelchair in place in a motor vehicle
NOTE The vehicle-anchored tiedown component may be installed using either permanent fasteners or by using a
mechanical coupling that allows for position adjustment for different wheelchairs.
3.32
wheelchair tiedown and occupant-restraint system
WTORS
complete restraint system for wheelchair-seated occupants comprised of equipment for wheelchair tiedown and a
belt-type occupant restraint
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
4 Design requirements
4.1 Wheelchair securement
The wheelchair shall be designed to:
a) provide for forward-facing securement in a motor vehicle by one or more types of wheelchair tiedown systems
in accordance with ISO 10542;
b) have a minimum of four securement points, two at the front and two at the rear, in accordance with the
specifications in annex B.
4.2 Occupant restraints
Wheelchairs may be provided with wheelchair-anchored occupant-restraint belts, or be designed to accommodate
vehicle or tiedown-anchored occupant-restraint belts, or both.
4.2.1 Wheelchair-anchored pelvic belt
If a wheelchair-anchored pelvic belt, intended for use as an occupant restraint in a vehicle, is provided as part of
the wheelchair, it shall:
o o
a) have its anchor point located so that the projected side-view angle of the belt is between 30 and 75 to the
horizontal, as indicated in Figure 3, when placed snugly on the ATD used in the frontal impact test of annex A;
NOTE A steeper (larger) pelvic-belt angle within the zone shown in Figure 3 is desirable.
b) provide for a range of adjustment of the pelvic restraint that allows for increasing and decreasing the total belt
length by 200 mm from the nominal set-up conditions, with at least 25 mm of webbing extending through any
fitting where adjustment takes place.
c) produce rear-view projected angles of the pelvic belt within the zones shown in Figure 3.
Dimensions in millimetres
a
Wheelchair reference plane
NOTE Angles indicated are obtained by projecting the angle of the pelvic belt onto a vertical plane that is parallel to (side
view) or perpendicular to (rear view) the wheelchair reference plane.
Figure 3 — Range of required angles of wheelchair-anchored pelvic belts when installed
on the appropriate-size ATD used in the test of annex A
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
4.2.2 Wheelchair-anchored shoulder belt
If a wheelchair-anchored shoulder belt, intended for use as an occupant restraint in a vehicle, is provided as part of
the wheelchair, it shall be designed to:
a) fit over the shoulder and across the chest of the ATD used in the test of annex A, and as illustrated in Figure 4;
b) have an upper anchor point or upper guide point at, or above, the shoulder of the ATD used in the test of
annex A;
c) provide for a range of adjustment in the upper-torso restraint that allows for increasing the length by 200 mm,
and shortening the length by 300 mm, from the nominal set-up conditions, as defined by the ATD set-up in
annex A (A.4.7 to A.4.10), with at least 25 mm of webbing extending through any fitting where adjustment
takes place;
d) have the junction of the shoulder and pelvic belts of three-point belt restraints located not less than 150 mm
from the ATD centreline.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Centreline
2 Centre of sternum
Figure 4 — Location of shoulder belt on occupant’storso
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
4.2.3 Accommodation of vehicle or tiedown-anchored occupant belt restraints
Wheelchairs should be designed to enhance the effectiveness of belt-type occupant-restraint systems. If the
wheelchair is intended for use with either vehicle or tiedown-anchored occupant restraints, it should be designed to
allow the unobstructed fitting of the restraint belts to the occupant.
NOTE Annex D contains draft test methods and performance criteria for rating a wheelchair with regard to accommodating
vehicle or tiedown-anchored belt restraints. These test methods and disclosure requirements, with modifications based on
experience of use, will be considered for addition as a requirement in future versions of this part of ISO 7176.
5 Performance requirements
5.1 Wheelchair-anchored belt restraints
a) All webbing, metal parts, buckles, release mechanisms and adjustment mechanisms of wheelchair–anchored
belt restraints shall conform with applicable subsections of either ECE Regulation No.16, and/or FMVSS 209,
as indicated in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, or as specified in equivalent mutually recognized regulations.
b) All webbing of wheelchair-anchored belt restraints and postural belts shall have a burning rate not exceeding
100 mm/min when tested as specified in ISO 3795.
Table 1 — Applicable subsections of ECE regulation No. 16
ECE No.16 tests
Section Component Subject
referenced
6.2.1.1 rigid parts sharp edges —
6.2.1.2 rigid parts corrosion 7.2
6.2.1.4 rigid parts cold impact test 7.5.4
6.2.2.1 buckles correct use and size —
6.2.2.2 buckles closing/releasing 7.8.2
6.2.2.3 buckles cold mating 7.5.3
6.2.2.4 buckles repeated testing 7.7
adjustment devices micro-slip 7.3
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.4 belt adjusting device force 7.5.6
6.2.5 various belt retractors performance 7.2, 7.6.1 - 7.6.4
6.2.6 preloading devices performance 7.2, 7.9.2
6.3.1 belts general specifications —
6.3.2 belts strength 7.4.1.1, 7.4.2
6.3.3 belts strength 7.4.1, 7.4.2
6.4.2 belts strength 7.4.1.6, 7.4.2, 7.5
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Table 2 — Applicable subsections of FMVSS 209
FMVSS 209 tests
Section Component Subject
referenced
S4.1 (d) hardware burrs and sharp edges —
S4.1 (e) release mechanism design —
S4.1 (h) webbing unravelling —
S4.2 (a) webbing belt width S5.1(a)
S4.2 (b) webbing breaking strength S5.1(b)
S4.2 (c) webbing elongation S5.1(c)
S4.2 (d) webbing abrasion resistance S5.1(d), S5.3(c)
S4.2 (e) webbing light resistance S5.1(e)
S4.2 (h) webbing stain resistance S5.1(h)
S4.3 (a) hardware corrosion resistance S5.2(a)
S4.3 (b) hardware temperature resistance S5.2(b)
S4.3 (d) buckle release release force S5.2(d)
S4.3 (e) adjustment device adjustment force S5.2(e)
S4.3 (f) tilt-lock devices locking angles S5.2(f)
S4.3 (g) buckle latch separation force S5.2(g)
S4.3 (i) belt retractor performance S5.2(i)
S4.3 (j) belt retractor performance S5.2(j)
S4.3(k) belt retractor performance S5.2(k), S4.4
S4.4 (a) pelvic restraints performance S5.3(a)
S4.4 (b) 3-pt restraints performance S5.3(b)
5.2 Frontal impact
The wheelchair shall be tested in accordance with annex A using a four-point strap-type tiedown in accordance
with ISO 10542-2. It may also be tested using other methods of securement.
The requirements in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 shall be met during and after each test conducted.
5.2.1 During the test
a) The horizontal excursions of the ATD and the wheelchair with respect to the impact sled shall not exceed the
limits shown in Table 3.
b) The knee excursion shall exceed the wheelchair point P excursion as follows:
X / X W 1,1
knee wc
NOTE Compliance with this requirement reduces the potential for the wheelchair to apply large horizontal loads to the
wheelchair occupant.
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ISO 7176-19:2001(E)
Table 3 — Horizontal excursion limits (mm)
Measurement Excursion Excursion
point variable limits
Wheelchair point P X 200
wc
ATD knee X 375
knee
ATD front of head X 650
headF
ATD r
...
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