SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties (ISO 14574:2013)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties (ISO 14574:2013)
This International Standard specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C.
This International Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x ≤ 3), loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Zug (ISO 14574:2013)
Diese Internationale Norm legt die Bedingungen zur Bestimmung der Eigenschaften von endlos-faserverstärkten keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen unter Zugbeanspruchung bei Temperaturen bis zu 2 000 °C fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 In den meisten Fällen sind die bei hoher Temperatur in Luft einzusetzenden Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix mit einer Deckschicht gegen Oxidation geschützt.
ANMERKUNG 2 Der Zweck dieser Internationalen Norm besteht darin, die Zugeigenschaften eines Werkstoffes in oxidierender Umgebung zu bestimmen, nicht aber die Oxidation des Werkstoffes zu messen.
Diese Internationale Norm gilt für alle endlosfaserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffe mit keramischer Matrix mit unidirektionaler (1D), bidirektionaler (2D) und mehrdirektionaler (xD, mit 2 < x ≤ 3) Verstärkung mit der Beanspruchung längs zu einer der Hauptverstärkungsachsen.
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites à haute température - Détermination des caractéristiques en traction (ISO 14574:2013)
L'ISO 14574:2013 fixe les conditions de détermination des propriétés en traction des matériaux composites à matrice céramique et à renfort continu pour des températures allant jusqu'à 2 000 °C.
L'ISO 14574:2013 s'applique à tous les composites à matrice céramique à renfort continu, unidirectionnel (1D), bidirectionnel (2D), et tridirectionnel (xD, avec 2 < x ≤ 3) sollicités suivant un axe principal de renfort.
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Mehanske lastnosti keramičnih kompozitov pri visoki temperaturi - Ugotavljanje nateznih lastnosti (ISO 14574:2013)
Ta mednarodni standard opredeljuje pogoje za določanje nateznih lastnosti keramičnih matričnih kompozitnih materialov pri temperaturah do 2000 °C. Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za vse keramične matrične kompozitne materiale z neprekinjeno ojačitvijo vlaken, enosmerno (1D), dvosmerno (2D) in trismerno (xD, kjer je 2 < x ≤ 3), naloženih vzdolž ene glavne osi ojačitve.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
01-junij-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1892:2005
SIST EN 1893:2005
)LQDNHUDPLND VRGREQDNHUDPLNDVRGREQDWHKQLþQDNHUDPLND 0HKDQVNH
ODVWQRVWLNHUDPLþQLKNRPSR]LWRYSULYLVRNLWHPSHUDWXUL8JRWDYOMDQMHQDWH]QLK
ODVWQRVWL ,62
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical
properties of ceramic composites at high temperature - Determination of tensile
properties (ISO 14574:2013)
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen
Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Zug
(ISO 14574:2013)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites à haute
température - Détermination des caractéristiques en traction (ISO 14574:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14574:2016
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
EN ISO 14574
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1892:2005, EN 1893:2005
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties
(ISO 14574:2013)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften
céramiques composites à haute température - von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher
Détermination des caractéristiques en traction (ISO Temperatur - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Zug
14574:2013) (ISO 14574:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14574:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
EN ISO 14574:2016 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
EN ISO 14574:2016 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 14574:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 14574:2016
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 1892:2005, EN 1893:2005.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14574:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14574:2016 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14574
First edition
2013-03-15
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) -
Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at high temperature -
Determination of tensile properties
Céramiques techniques — Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques
composites à haute température — Détermination des
caractéristiques en traction
Reference number
ISO 14574:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Test machine . 4
5.2 Load train. 4
5.3 Test chamber . 4
5.4 Set-up for heating . 5
5.5 Extensometer . 5
5.6 Temperature measurement devices . 5
5.7 Data recording system . 5
5.8 Micrometers . 6
6 Test specimens. 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test specimens commonly used . 6
7 Test specimen preparation .10
7.1 Machining and preparation .10
7.2 Number of tests of specimens .10
8 Test procedures .11
8.1 Test set-up: Temperature considerations .11
8.2 Test set-up: Other considerations .11
8.3 Testing technique .12
8.4 Test validity .13
9 Calculation of results .13
9.1 Test specimen origin .13
9.2 Tensile strength .13
9.3 Strain at maximum tensile force .13
9.4 Proportionality ratio or Pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus .14
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Test specimen for use with optical extensometry .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14574 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14574:2013(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic
matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C.
NOTE 1 In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an
antioxidation coating.
NOTE 2 The purpose of this International Standard is to determine the tensile properties of a material when it
is placed under an oxidizing environment but not to measure material oxidation.
This International Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre
reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x ≤ 3), loaded
along one principal axis of reinforcement.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
IEC 60584-2:1982+ Amendment 1:1989, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
test temperature
T
temperature of the test piece at the centre of the gauge length
3.2
calibrated length
I
part of the test specimen that has uniform and minimum cross-section area
3.3
gauge length
L
o
initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the calibrated length
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
3.4
controlled temperature zone
part of the calibrated length including the gauge length where the temperature is controlled to within
50 °C of the test temperature
3.5
initial cross-section area
S
o
initial cross-section areas of the test specimen within the calibrated length, at test temperature
3.6
apparent cross-section area
S
o app
total area of the cross-section
3.7
effective cross-section area
S
o eff
total area corrected by a factor, to account for the presence of an anti-oxidative protection
3.8
longitudinal deformation
A
increase in the gauge length between reference points under a tensile force
3.9
longitudinal deformation under maximum tensile force
A
m
increase in the gauge length between reference points under maximum tensile force
3.10
tensile strain
ε
relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L
o
3.11
tensile strain under maximum force
ε
m
relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L under the maximum force
o
3.12
tensile stress
σ
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-
section area (S )
o
3.13
apparent tensile stress
σ
app
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the apparent cross-section
area (or total cross-section area)
3.14
effective tensile stress
σ
eff
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the effective cross-section
area (S )
o eff
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
3.15
maximum tensile force
F
m
highest recorded tensile force in a tensile test on the test specimen when tested to failure
3.16
tensile strength
σ
m
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the initial cross-section area (S )
o
3.17
apparent tensile strength
σ
m app
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the apparent cross-section area (or total cross-section area)
3.18
effective tensile strength
σ
m eff
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the effective cross-section area
3.19
proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus
EP
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any
Note 1 to entry: Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the
following cases:
a) material with a linear section in the stress-strain curve;
For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterized by a linear section, the
proportionality ratio is defined as:
()σσ−
21
EP(,σσ )=
12
()εε−
21
where (ε ,σ ) and (ε ,σ ) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear section of the stress-strain curve.
1 1 2 2
The proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus is termed the elastic modulus, E, in the single case where the
linearity starts near the origin.
b) material with no-linear section in the stress-strain curve.
In this case only stress-strain couples can be fixed.
3.20
apparent proportionality ratio
EP
app
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any, when the apparent tensile stress is used
3.21
effective proportionality ratio
EP
eff
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any, when the effective tensile stress is used
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 14574:2016
ISO 14574:2013(E)
4 Principle
A test specimen of specified dimensions is heated to the test temperature, and loaded in tension. The
test is performed at constant crosshead displacement rate, or constant deformation rate (or constant
loading rate). Force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.
NOTE 1 The test duration is limited to reduce creep effects.
NOTE 2 When constant loading rate is used in the nonlinear region of the tensile curve, only the tensile strength
can be obtained from the test. In this region constant crosshead displacement rate or constant deformation rate is
recommended to obtain the complete curve.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The test machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen
conforming to grade 1 or better according to ISO 7500-1.
5.2 Load train
The load train configuration shall ensure that the load indicated by the load cell and the load experienced
by the test specimen are the same.
The load train performance, including the alignment system and the force transmitting system, shall not
change because of heating.
The load train shall align the specimen axis with the direction of load application without introducing
bending or torsion in the specimen. The misalignment of the specimen shall be verified and
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
01-november-2015
)LQDNHUDPLND VRGREQDNHUDPLNDVRGREQDWHKQLþQDNHUDPLND 0HKDQVNH
ODVWQRVWLNHUDPLþQLKNRPSR]LWRYSULYLVRNLWHPSHUDWXUL8JRWDYOMDQMHQDWH]QLK
ODVWQRVWL ,62
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Mechanical
properties of ceramic composites at high temperature - Determination of tensile
properties (ISO 14574:2013)
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften von keramischen
Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher Temperatur - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Zug
(ISO 14574:2013)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques composites à haute
température - Détermination des caractéristiques en traction (ISO 14574:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprEN ISO 14574
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
FINAL DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
FprEN ISO 14574
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2015
ICS 81.060.30 Will supersede EN 1892:2005, EN 1893:2005
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties
(ISO 14574:2013)
Céramiques techniques - Propriétés mécaniques des Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften
céramiques composites à haute température - von keramischen Verbundwerkstoffen bei hoher
Détermination des caractéristiques en traction (ISO Temperatur - Bestimmung der Eigenschaften unter Zug
14574:2013) (ISO 14574:2013)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the
Technical Committee CEN/TC 184.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprEN ISO 14574:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
FprEN ISO 14574:2015 (E)
Contents
Page
European foreword . 3
2
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
FprEN ISO 14574:2015 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 14574:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
FprEN ISO 14574:2015 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure.
This document will supersede EN 1892:2005, EN 1893:2005.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14574:2013 has been approved by CEN as FprEN ISO 14574:2015 without any
modification.
3
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14574
First edition
2013-03-15
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) -
Mechanical properties of ceramic
composites at high temperature -
Determination of tensile properties
Céramiques techniques — Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques
composites à haute température — Détermination des
caractéristiques en traction
Reference number
ISO 14574:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Apparatus . 4
5.1 Test machine . 4
5.2 Load train. 4
5.3 Test chamber . 4
5.4 Set-up for heating . 5
5.5 Extensometer . 5
5.6 Temperature measurement devices . 5
5.7 Data recording system . 5
5.8 Micrometers . 6
6 Test specimens. 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Test specimens commonly used . 6
7 Test specimen preparation .10
7.1 Machining and preparation .10
7.2 Number of tests of specimens .10
8 Test procedures .11
8.1 Test set-up: Temperature considerations .11
8.2 Test set-up: Other considerations .11
8.3 Testing technique .12
8.4 Test validity .13
9 Calculation of results .13
9.1 Test specimen origin .13
9.2 Tensile strength .13
9.3 Strain at maximum tensile force .13
9.4 Proportionality ratio or Pseudo-elastic modulus, elastic modulus .14
10 Test report .15
Annex A (informative) Test specimen for use with optical extensometry .16
Bibliography .17
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14574 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14574:2013(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Mechanical properties of ceramic composites
at high temperature - Determination of tensile properties
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the conditions for determination of tensile properties of ceramic
matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement for temperatures up to 2 000 °C.
NOTE 1 In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an
antioxidation coating.
NOTE 2 The purpose of this International Standard is to determine the tensile properties of a material when it
is placed under an oxidizing environment but not to measure material oxidation.
This International Standard applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre
reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D), and tri-directional (xD, with 2 < x ≤ 3), loaded
along one principal axis of reinforcement.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
IEC 60584-2:1982+ Amendment 1:1989, Thermocouples — Part 2: Tolerances
3 Terms, d efinitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
test temperature
T
temperature of the test piece at the centre of the gauge length
3.2
c a l ibr at e d len g t h
I
part of the test specimen that has uniform and minimum cross-section area
3.3
gauge length
L
o
initial distance between reference points on the test specimen in the calibrated length
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
3.4
controlled temperature zone
part of the calibrated length including the gauge length where the temperature is controlled to within
50 °C of the test temperature
3.5
initial cross-section area
S
o
initial cross-section areas of the test specimen within the calibrated length, at test temperature
3.6
apparent cross-section area
S
o app
total area of the cross-section
3.7
effective cross-section area
S
o eff
total area corrected by a factor, to account for the presence of an anti-oxidative protection
3.8
longitudinal deformation
A
increase in the gauge length between reference points under a tensile force
3.9
longitudinal deformation under maximum tensile force
A
m
increase in the gauge length between reference points under maximum tensile force
3.10
tensile strain
ε
relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L
o
3.11
tensile strain under maximum force
ε
m
relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio A/L under the maximum force
o
3.12
tensile stress
σ
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the initial cross-
section area (S )
o
3.13
apparent tensile stress
σ
app
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the apparent cross-section
area (or total cross-section area)
3.14
effective tensile stress
σ
eff
tensile force supported by the test specimen at any time in the test divided by the effective cross-section
area (S )
o eff
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
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kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
3.15
maximum tensile force
F
m
highest recorded tensile force in a tensile test on the test specimen when tested to failure
3.16
tensile strength
σ
m
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the initial cross-section area (S )
o
3.17
apparent tensile strength
σ
m app
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the apparent cross-section area (or total cross-section area)
3.18
effective tensile strength
σ
m eff
ratio of the maximum tensile force to the effective cross-section area
3.19
pr op or t ion a l it y r at io or p s eudo - el a s t ic mo du lu s
EP
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any
Note 1 to entry: Examination of the stress-strain curves for ceramic matrix composites allows definition of the
following cases:
a) material with a linear section in the stress-strain curve;
For ceramic matrix composites that have a mechanical behaviour characterized by a linear section, the
proportionality ratio is defined as:
()σσ−
21
EP(,σσ )=
12
()εε−
21
where (ε ,σ ) and (ε ,σ ) lie near the lower and the upper limits of the linear section of the stress-strain curve.
1 1 2 2
The proportionality ratio or pseudo-elastic modulus is termed the elastic modulus, E, in the single case where the
linearity starts near the origin.
b) material with no-linear section in the stress-strain curve.
In this case only stress-strain couples can be fixed.
3.20
app a r ent pr opor t ion a l it y r at io
EP
app
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any, when the apparent tensile stress is used
3.21
ef f e c t i ve pr op or t ion a l it y r at io
EP
eff
slope of the linear section of the stress-strain curve, if any, when the effective tensile stress is used
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved 3
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kSIST FprEN ISO 14574:2015
ISO 14574:2013(E)
4 Principle
A test specimen of specified dimensions is heated to the test temperature, and loaded in tension. The
test is performed at constant crosshead displacement rate, or constant deformation rate (or constant
loading rate). Force and longitudinal deformation are measured and recorded simultaneously.
NOTE 1 The test duration is limited to reduce creep effects.
NOTE 2 When constant loading rate is used in the nonlinear region of the tensile curve, only the tensile strength
can be obtained from the test. In this region constant crosshead displacement rate or constant deformation rate is
recommended to obtain the complete curve.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Test machine
The test machine shall be equipped with a system for measuring the force applied to the test specimen
conforming to grade 1 or better according to ISO 7500-1.
5.2 Load train
The load train configuration shall ensure that the load indicated by the load cell and the load experienced
by the test specimen are the same.
The load train performance, including the alignment system and the force transmitting system, shall not
change because of heating.
The load train shall align the specimen axis with the direction of load application without introducing
bending or torsion in the specimen. The misalignment of the specimen shall be verified and documented.
−6
The maximum percent bending shall not exceed 5 at an average strain of 500×10 .
The attachment fixtures shall align the test specimen axis with the applied force direction.
NOTE 1 The alignment should be verified and documented in accordance with, for example, the procedure
described in CEN/TS 15867.
The grip design shall prevent the test specimen
...
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