SIST EN 17117-1:2019
(Main)Rubber or plastics-coated fabrics - Mechanical test methods under biaxial stress states – Part 1: Tensile stiffness properties
Rubber or plastics-coated fabrics - Mechanical test methods under biaxial stress states – Part 1: Tensile stiffness properties
This document describes methods of test using biaxial stress states for the determination of the tensile
stiffness properties of biaxially oriented coated fabrics (properties along anisotropic directions, such as
the weft and warp yarns for woven based coated fabrics, or along the courses and wales of knitted based
coated fabrics).
Other mechanical properties (such as pattern compensation values, shear stiffness, and strength) will be
described in other parts.
Mit Kautschuk oder Kunststoff beschichtete Textilien - Mechanische Prüfverfahren unter biaxialen Spannungszuständen - Teil 1: Zugsteifigkeitseigenschaften
In diesem Dokument werden Prüfverfahren unter biaxialen Spannungszuständen zur Bestimmung der Zug¬steifigkeitseigenschaften von biaxial ausgerichteten beschichteten Textilien beschrieben (Eigenschaften in Bezug auf anisotrope Richtungen wie Schuss und Kette bei gewebten beschichteten Textilien oder entlang der Produktionsrichtung und senkrecht dazu bei beschichteten Maschenwaren).
Weitere mechanische Eigenschaften (wie Kompensationswerte, Schubsteifigkeit und Zugfestigkeit) werden in anderen Dokumentteilen beschrieben.
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc - Méthodes d'essais mécaniques sous contraintes biaxiales - Partie 22 : Propriétés de rigidité sous traction
Le présent document décrit des méthodes d’essai sous contraintes biaxiales pour la détermination des propriétés de rigidité à la traction de supports textiles revêtus à orientation biaxiale (propriétés suivant les sens anisotropiques comme les fils de trame et de chaîne pour les supports textiles revêtus tissés, ou suivant les rangées et colonnes de mailles des supports textiles revêtus tricotés).
D’autres propriétés mécaniques (comme les valeurs de compensation du patronage, la rigidité au cisaillement et la résistance) seront décrites dans d’autres parties.
Gumirane ali plastificirane tekstilije - Mehanske preskusne metode pri dvoosnih napetostnih stanjih - 1. del: Lastnosti natezne togosti
Ta dokument opisuje preskusne metode pri dvoosnih napetostnih stanjih za določanje lastnosti
natezne togosti dvoosnih prevlečenih tekstilij (lastnosti poleg anizotropnih smeri), kot so
votkovne in osnovne niti za tkane prevlečene tekstilije ali ob plasteh in valovih pletenih
prevlečenih tekstilij).
Druge mehanske lastnosti (kot so vrednosti kompenzacije vzorca, strižna togost in trdnost) bodo
opisane v drugih delih.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 17117-1:2019
01-februar-2019
Gumirane ali plastificirane tekstilije - Mehanske preskusne metode pri dvoosnih
napetostnih stanjih - 1. del: Lastnosti natezne togosti
Rubber or plastics-coated fabrics - Mechanical test methods under biaxial stress states –
Part 1: Tensile stiffness properties
Mit Kautschuk oder Kunststoff beschichtete Textilien - Mechanische Prüfverfahren unter
biaxialen Spannungszuständen - Teil 1: Zugsteifigkeitseigenschaften
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc - Méthodes d'essais mécaniques sous
contraintes biaxiales - Partie 22 : Propriétés de rigidité sous traction
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17117-1:2018
ICS:
59.080.40 3RYUãLQVNRSUHYOHþHQH Coated fabrics
WHNVWLOLMH
SIST EN 17117-1:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 17117-1:2019
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SIST EN 17117-1:2019
EN 17117-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 59.080.40
English Version
Rubber or plastics-coated fabrics - Mechanical test
methods under biaxial stress states - Part 1: Tensile
stiffness properties
Supports textiles revêtus de caoutchouc ou de Mit Kautschuk oder Kunststoff beschichtete Textilien -
plastique - Méthodes d'essais mécaniques sous Mechanische Prüfverfahren unter biaxialen
contraintes biaxiales - Partie 1 : Propriétés de rigidité à Spannungszuständen - Teil 1:
la traction Zugsteifigkeitseigenschaften
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 September 2018.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17117-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 17117-1:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Principle . 10
5 Apparatus . 10
5.1 Biaxial test equipment . 10
5.2 Measurement of load . 10
5.3 Measurement of strain . 10
6 Sampling and preparation of test specimens . 11
6.1 Bulk sample (number of pieces from a shipment or lot) . 11
6.2 Number of laboratory samples . 11
6.3 Specimen geometry and preparation . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Contact strain measurement . 12
6.3.3 Non-contact strain measurement . 12
7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing . 12
8 Test procedure . 12
8.1 Mounting of the specimen . 12
8.2 Loading . 12
8.3 Recording . 13
9 Representation of test results . 13
10 Calculation of tensile stiffnesses (tensile moduli) and Poisson’s ratios . 13
11 Test report . 14
Annex A (informative) Examples of biaxial test equipment . 15
A.1 Generality . 15
A.2 Biaxial test equipment – example I . 15
A.3 Biaxial test equipment – example II. 16
A.4 Biaxial test equipment – example III . 18
Annex B (informative) Features of a biaxial test specimen . 19
B.1 Primary features of a biaxial test specimen . 19
B.2 Biaxial test specimen -example with non-orthogonal yarns and extensometer layout . 21
Annex C (informative) Typical profiles . 22
C.1 Example of a typical load profile . 22
C.2 Example of a typical strain-time plot . 23
C.3 Example of a typical load-strain plot (only one of three load cycles illustrated). 23
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Annex D (informative) Example methods for the determination of tensile stiffnesses (tensile
moduli) and Poisson’s ratios from biaxial load-strain test data . 30
D.1 General . 30
D.2 Method A . 31
D.3 Method B . 32
D.4 Method C . 32
D.5 Method D . 33
D.6 Method E . 34
D.7 Method F . 34
Annex E (informative) Determination of comparative elastic constants . 36
E.1 Scope and Field of Applications . 36
E.2 Symbols . 36
E.3 Constitutive law used . 36
E.4 Determination procedure . 36
Annex F (informative) Rationale . 37
Bibliography . 38
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EN 17117-1:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 17117-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and
textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2019, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
EN 17117 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics —
Mechanical test methods under biaxial stress states:
— Part 1: Tensile stiffness properties
— Part 2: Determination of the pattern compensation values (in preparation)
An additional part related to shear stiffness properties will be proposed after the publication of the
previous parts.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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EN 17117-1:2018 (E)
Introduction
Conventional mechanical test methods (based on uniaxial method) are not always suitable within the
purpose of the design of specific products using coated fabrics such as architectural tensioned covers.
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EN 17117-1:2018 (E)
1 Scope
This document describes methods of test using biaxial stress states for the determination of the tensile
stiffness properties of biaxially oriented coated fabrics (properties along anisotropic directions, such as
the weft and warp yarns for woven based coated fabrics, or along the courses and wales of knitted based
coated fabrics).
Other mechanical properties (such as pattern compensation values, shear stiffness, and strength) will be
described in other parts.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 2231, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO
2231)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part
1: Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system (ISO
7500-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
biaxial
related to measurement or application along two axes simultaneously
3.2
tensile stiffness
resistance to deformation along the directions of the yarns (e.g. weft and warp)
3.3
compensation
adjustment in size of a cutting pattern to achieve a prestress
3.4
stress
force per unit width (expressed in kN/m)
3.5
gauge length
distance between two effective points of a testing device
3.6
initial length
length of the test specimen between two effective points, before testing
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3.7
ultimate tensile strength (UTS)
mean tensile strength obtained by the application of EN ISO 1421, method 1 (expressed in kN/m)
Note 1 to entry: UTS is used as an input data.
3.8
extension
increase in length of a test specimen produced by a force as a result of testing, expressed in units of length
(millimetres)
3.9
elongation
ratio of the extension of the test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage
3.10
tensile modulus
ratio of stress to corresponding strain of a material when deformed under the action of a tensile force
Note 1 to entry: Example of methods for the determination of tensile stiffnesses (tensile moduli) and Poisson’s ratios
from biaxial stress (3.4)-strain test data are given in Annex D.
3.11
strain
deformation representing the extension relative to the initial length
3.12
Poisson's ratio (ν)
ratio of the contraction or transverse strain to the extension or axial strain (in the direction of the applied
load)
3.13
cycle
process in which a coated fabric is taken from the gauge length or an initial fixed load, to a fixed load or
fixed extension or elongation, and returned to the gauge length or initial fixed load
3.14
WF1
loads applied as a prestress in the warp and fill (respectively wale and course) directions with magnitudes
that are the maximum of either 1kN/m or 1% of the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in the warp and fill
(respectively wale and course) directions
Note 1 to entry: the expression “fill direction” is used instead of “weft direction” in order to introduce the use of “F”
and avoid confusion with “W” used for the warp direction.
3.15
W25
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of 25% of the ultimate tensile
strength (UTS) in the warp (respectively wale) direction
3.16
F25
load applied in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of 25% of the ultimate tensile
strength (UTS) in the fill (respectively course) direction
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3.17
MIN25
minimum of W25 and F25
3.18
W25/2
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of W25 divided by 2
3.19
F25/2
load applied in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of F25 divided by 2
3.20
load ratio 1:1
load applied in warp and fill (respectively wale and course) with equal magnitudes of MIN25
3.21
load ratio 2:1
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of W25 and in the fill
(respectively course) direction with a magnitude of W25/2
3.22
load ratio 1:2
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of F25/2 and in the fill
(respectively course) direction with a magnitude of F25
3.23
load ratio 1:P
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of W25 and in the fill
(respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
Note 1 to entry: “P” refers to “prestress”.
3.24
load ratio P:1
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of F25
3.25
load cycle 1:1
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of WF1, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale)
direction with a magnitude of MIN25 and in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of
MIN25, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in
the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
3.26
load cycle 2:1
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of WF1, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale)
direction with a magnitude of W25 and in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of
W25/2, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in
the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
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3.27
load cycle 1:2
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of WF1, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale)
direction with a magnitude of F25/2 and in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of
F25, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in
the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
3.28
load cycle 1:P
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of WF1, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale)
direction with a magnitude of W25 and in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1,
followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill
(respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
3.29
load cycle P:1
load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively
course) direction with a magnitude of WF1, followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale)
direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill (respectively course) direction with a magnitude of F25,
followed by load applied in the warp (respectively wale) direction with a magnitude of WF1 and in the fill
(respectively course) direction with a magnitude of WF1
3.30
un-recovered elongation
ratio of un-recovered extension of the test specimen after cycling, to a specified force or extension, to its
initial length, expressed as a percentage
3.31
applied load
load applied in either warp or fill (respectively wale and course) directions expressed in kN/m
3.32
creep
tendency of a fabric to slowly deform permanently under the influence of constant applied loads
3.33
stiffness change due to cyclic loading
change of stiffness, calculated and expressed as a percentage, as measured and recorded at the same force
point on two different cycles when the test specimen is cycled several times between two specified loads
3.34
raw data
data from the test downloaded from data logging equipment and not subjected to any post-processing
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4 Principle
A test specimen of cruciform shape is biaxially loaded in the plane of the fabric. The loads are applied
cyclically in the warp and fill (respectively wale and course) directions simultaneously. Measurements of
stress and strain are used to derive biaxial properties of the fabric.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Biaxial test equipment
The biaxial test equipment shall be capable of simultaneously applying loads to the test specimen with a
specified load ratio in the warp and fill directions (respectively wale and course). It shall be capable of
measuring loads, strains and/or displacements at suitable locations simultaneously. The loads in the warp
and fill (respectively wale and course) directions should be applied in the directions of the yarns. If not
possible, fill (respectively course) loads should be applied orthogonal to the warp (respectively wale)
direction. Examples of test rigs are shown in informative Annex A (Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3). The test rigs
shown in Annex A (Figures A.1, A.2 and A.3) are not exclusive. Other variants and designs are possible.
The relative directions of yarns may change during the test as the test progresses for certain stress ratios.
This may be accommodated in the design of the biaxial test rig.
The centre point of the opposite clamping or holding devices shall be positioned in the line of pull, with the
front edges perpendicular to the line of pull, and the clamping or holding devices in the same plane.
The clamping or holding devices shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip
and designed so that they minimize damage to the test specimen.
5.2 Measurement of load
The applied loads shall be measured in the warp and fill directions simultaneously (respectively wale and
course).
The biaxial tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force
when cycling between prescribed loads. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be at
least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1. The error of the indicated or recorded force at any point in the range in
which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 %.
5.3 Measurement of strain
The strains shall be measured in warp and fill (respectively wale and course) directions simultaneously
with the applied loads.
Strain measurement should be made within a field of homogenous strain. The field of homogenous strain
should be identified as that area where the strain does not vary by more than ± 5 % from the strain
measures in both warp and fill directions (respectively wale and course) at the geometric centre of the
specimen when the specimen subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading equivalent to 25 % of the Ultimate
Tensile Strength (UTS) in each respective direction.
The strain field may be measured using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques.
The strains may be determined by measuring the extensions of the specimen within a field of
homogeneous strain with or without contact.
The biaxial tensile testing machine shall be capable of indicating or recording strain or deformation values
when cycling between prescribed loads. The error of the indicated or recorded strains shall not exceed
1 %. The error of the indicated or recorded deformations shall not exceed the equivalent of 1 % strain.
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6 Sampling and preparation of test specimens
6.1 Bulk sample (number of pieces from a shipment or lot)
A piece shall be taken at random from each lot comprising a shipment to form the bulk sample
(comprising a number of pieces from a shipment or lot). No piece that shows signs of damage or dampness
incurred during transit shall be included in the sample.
If individual rolls can be identified with manufacturing batches, at least one sample shall be taken from
each batch in the consignment. Each sample shall be regarded as being representative of its source, and
suitable measures shall be taken to preserve identity between the samples and batch numbers.
If individual rolls cannot be identified in this way, the number of samples to be regarded as being
representative of the bulk shall be fixed by agreement between the interested parties. Such samples shall
be drawn at random.
6.2 Number of laboratory samples
From each piece in a bulk sample, a minimum of three laboratory samples should be cut from positions
taken at random but at least 1m from an end of the piece.
The laboratory samples shall be cut to include the full width of the piece and shall have a length of at least
1,5 m. Areas that are creased or that have a visible fault shall not be included in the sample.
Coated fabric that is 10 % of the overall width of the roll from each selvedge shall be excluded. Coated
fabric in at least the first 3 m and last 3 m of a roll consisting of a single coating batch shall be excluded.
If only one or two laboratory samples are used then this information shall be reported.
6.3 Specimen geometry and preparation
6.3.1 General
The axes of the specimen should be aligned with the warp and fill directions of the laboratory sample
(respectively wale and course). If the yarns are not straight, use the tangent at the centre of the specimen
in order to define the direction. If for a material with non-orthogonal yarns this is not possible due to the
testing equipment used, fill (respectively course) direction should be assumed orthogonal to the warp
(respectively wale) direction. The deviation angle to orthogonality shall be reported.
The specimen shall be of sufficient size to provide a representative sample of the coated fabric as a whole.
The specimen geometry is intended to produce a field of homogenous strain (defined in 5.3) at the centre.
It is recommended that the homogeneity of the strain distribution and the size and shape of the field of
homogenous strain should be checked, under both biaxial and uniaxial conditions, using full-field strain
measurement techniques, e.g. Digital Image Correlation (DIC).
The load at the centre of the specimen is normally different to the applied load and may be estimated using
numerical simulation to provide a load correction factor to be applied to all measured loads prior to
reporting and using the data for calculating mechanical constants.
The primary features of a biaxial test specimen are shown in Figure B.1.
The loading arms of the specimen shall be of equal width. The number of loading arms in the warp
(respectively wale) direction shall be equal for both sides. The number of loading arms in the fill
(respectively course) direction shall be equal for both sides. Slits forming the loading arms should be cut
parallel to the yarns in both warp and fill (respectively wale and course) directions.
The internal corners of the specimen should be rounded with a radius to prevent tear appearance.
The warp and fill (respectively wale and course) directions shall be marked on the surface of the
specimen. In case of non-orthogonal yarns, the features of a biaxial test specimen are shown in Figure B.2.
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IMPORTANT – This document does not provide either detailed dimensions or geometry of the test
specimen, as they depend on the test equipment. Nonetheless, the application of the given
principles using different equipment leads to comparable results.
Alternative features of the test specimen may be used if they lead to comparable resu
...
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