SIST EN 13601:2013
(Main)Copper and copper alloys - Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes
Copper and copper alloys - Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes
This European Standard specifies the composition, property requirements including electrical properties, and tolerances on dimensions and form for copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes. Cross-sections and size ranges are:
- round, square and hexagonal rod with diameters or widths across-flats from 2 mm up to and including 160 mm;
- bar with thicknesses from 2 mm up to and including 40 mm and widths from 3 mm up to and including 200 mm;
- round, square, hexagonal and rectangular wire with diameters or widths across-flats from 2 mm up to and including 25 mm, as well as thicknesses from 0,5 mm up to and including 12 mm with widths from 1 mm up to and including 200 mm.
The sampling procedures and test methods for verification of conformity to the requirements of this standard are also specified.
NOTE Drawn, round copper wire — plain or tinned, single or multiline — for the manufacture of electrical conductors is specified in EN 13602.
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Stangen und Drähte aus Kupfer für die allgemeine Anwendung in der Elektrotechnik
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Zusammensetzung, die Anforderungen an die Eigenschaften einschließlich elektrische Eigenschaften, Grenzabmaße und Formtoleranzen für Stangen und Drähte aus Kupfer für die Elektrotechnik fest. Die Querschnitte und Maßbereiche sind:
- runde, quadratische und sechseckige Stangen mit Durchmessern oder Schlüsselweiten von 2 mm bis 160 mm;
- rechteckige Stangen mit Dicken von 2 mm bis 40 mm und Breiten von 3 mm bis 200 mm;
- runde, quadratische, sechseckige und rechteckige Drähte mit Durchmessern oder Schlüsselweiten von 2 mm bis 25 mm und für Dicken von 0,5 mm bis 12 mm bei Breiten von 1 mm bis 200 mm.
Der Ablauf der Probenentnahme und die Prüfverfahren zur Feststellung der Übereinstimmung mit den Anforderungen der Norm sind ebenfalls festgelegt.
ANMERKUNG Gezogener Runddraht aus Kupfer — blank oder verzinnt, einzeln oder mehrfach — für die Herstellung von elektrischen Leitern, ist in EN 13602 festgelegt.
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Barres et fils en cuivre pour usages électriques généraux
Baker in bakrove zlitine - Drogovi, palice in žice za splošno uporabo v elektrotehniki
Ta evropski standard določa sestavo, zahteve glede značilnosti, vključno z električnimi lastnostmi, ter odstopanja glede dimenzij in oblike za drogove, palice in žice za splošno uporabo v elektrotehniki. Preseki in velikosti so:
- okrogli, kvadratni in šestrobi drogovi s premerom ali širino zeva ključa od 2 mm do vključno 160 mm;
- palice z debelino od 2 mm do vključno 40 mm in širino od 3 mm do vključno 200 mm;
- okrogle, kvadratne, šestrobe in pravokotne žice s premerom ali širino zeva ključa od 2 mm do vključno 25 mm ter debelino od 0,5 mm do vključno 12 mm s širino od 1 mm do vključno 200 mm.
Določeni so tudi postopki vzorčenja in preskusne metode za preverjanje skladnosti z zahtevami tega evropskega standarda.
OPOMBA Vlečena okrogla bakrova žica — navadna ali pokositrena, enojna ali iz več žic — za izdelavo električnih prevodnikov je navedena v EN 13602.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Baker in bakrove zlitine - Drogovi, palice in žice za splošno uporabo v elektrotehnikiCopper and copper alloys - Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes77.150.30Bakreni izdelkiCopper productsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13601:2013SIST EN 13601:2013en,de01-september-2013SIST EN 13601:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13601:20041DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13601:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13601
June 2013 ICS 77.150.30 Supersedes EN 13601:2002English Version
Copper and copper alloys - Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Barres et fils en cuivre pour usages électriques généraux
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Stangen und Drähte aus Kupfer für die allgemeine Anwendung in der ElektrotechnikThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13601:2013: ESIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Designations .7 4.1 Material .7 4.2 Material condition .8 4.3 Product .8 5 Ordering information .9 6 Requirements . 11 6.1 Composition . 11 6.2 Mechanical properties . 11 6.3 Bending characteristics . 11 6.4 Electrical properties . 11 6.5 Freedom from hydrogen embrittlement . 11 6.6 Dimensions and tolerances . 11 6.7 Form tolerances . 13 6.8 Wire in coils . 15 6.9 Mass tolerances . 15 6.10 Surface condition. 15 7 Sampling . 15 7.1 General . 15 7.2 Analysis . 15 7.3 Mechanical and electrical tests . 16 8 Test methods . 16 8.1 Analysis . 16 8.2 Tensile test . 16 8.3 Hardness test . 16 8.4 Bend test . 16 8.5 Electrical resistivity test . 16 8.6 Hydrogen embrittlement test . 17 8.7 Retests . 17 8.8 Rounding of results . 17 9 Declaration of conformity and inspection documentation . 17 9.1 Declaration of conformity . 17 9.2 Inspection documentation . 17 10 Marking, packaging, labelling . 18 Annex A (informative)
Characteristics of coppers for electrical purposes . 27 Bibliography . 29 Figures Figure 1 — Sharp corner . 12 Figure 2 — Rounded corner . 12 Figure 3 — Semi-circular edge . 12 Figure 4 — Measurement of twist . 14 Figure 5 — Measurement of straightness. 14 Figure 6 — Measurement of flatness . 15
SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 3
Tables Table 1 — Composition of Cu-OFE and Cu-PHCE . 19 Table 2 — Composition of copper grades, other than those made from Cu-OFE (CW009A) and Cu-PHCE (CW022A) . 20 Table 3 — Mechanical properties . 21 Table 4 — Electrical properties (at 20 °C) . 22 Table 5 — Dimensional tolerances for round, square and hexagonal rod and wire . 23 Table 6 — Tolerances on width and thickness of bar and rectangular wire . 23 Table 7 — Maximum radii for sharp corners of rod, bar and wire . 24 Table 8 — Radii for rounded corners of rod, bar and wire . 24 Table 9 — Tolerances on fixed lengths (FL) . 25 Table 10 — Maximum twist of square or hexagonal rod or rectangular bar . 25 Table 11 — Straightness of rod and bar . 25 Table 12 — Flatness of bar . 26 Table 13 — Sampling rate . 26 Table A.1 — Particular characteristics of coppers for electrical purposes . 28
SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 13601:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13601:2002. In comparison with EN 13601:2002, the following significant technical changes have been made: Maximum diameters or widths across-flats for round, square and hexagonal rod have been expanded. Terms and definitions clause has been modified. Cu-OFE (CW009A) and Cu-PHCE (CW022A) have been added. Tolerances on width and thickness of bar and rectangular wire have been modified (see Table 6). Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 4 "Extruded and drawn products, forgings and scrap" to prepare the following revision of the standard: EN 13601:2002, Copper and copper alloys – Copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes. The products specified in this European Standard are those which are especially suitable for electrical purposes, i.e. with specified electrical properties. Copper rod, bar and wire for general purposes are specified in EN 12163, EN 12166 and EN 12167. Annex A (informative) gives guidance on the characteristics of coppers for electrical purposes. This is one of a series of European Standards for copper products for electrical purposes. Other copper products are specified as follows: EN 13599, Copper and copper alloys — Copper plate, sheet and strip for electrical purposes EN 13600, Copper and copper alloys — Seamless copper tubes for electrical purposes EN 13602, Copper and copper alloys — Drawn, round copper wire for the manufacture of electrical conductors EN 13604, Copper and copper alloys — Semiconductor devices, electronic and vacuum products made from high conductivity copper EN 13605, Copper and copper alloys — Copper profiles and profiled wire for electrical purposes According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 5 Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the composition, property requirements including electrical properties, and tolerances on dimensions and form for copper rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes. Cross-sections and size ranges are: round, square and hexagonal rod with diameters or widths across-flats from 2 mm up to and including 160 mm; bar with thicknesses from 2 mm up to and including 40 mm and widths from 3 mm up to and including 200 mm; round, square, hexagonal and rectangular wire with diameters or widths across-flats from 2 mm up to and including 25 mm, as well as thicknesses from 0,5 mm up to and including 12 mm with widths from 1 mm up to and including 200 mm. The sampling procedures and test methods for verification of conformity to the requirements of this standard are also specified. NOTE Drawn, round copper wire — plain or tinned, single or multiline — for the manufacture of electrical conductors is specified in EN 13602. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1655, Copper and copper alloys — Declarations of conformity EN 1976, Copper and copper alloys — Cast unwrought copper products EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents EN ISO 2626, Copper — Hydrogen embrittlement test (ISO 2626) EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1) EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1) EN ISO 7438, Metallic materials — Bend test (ISO 7438) IEC 60468, Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bar straight product of uniform rectangular cross-section along its whole length [SOURCE: EN 12167:2011, 3.2] 3.2 rod straight product of uniform cross-section along its whole length [SOURCE: EN 12163:2011, 3.1] 3.3 wire wound product of uniform cross-section along its whole length Note 1 to entry: Rectangles may have round or sharp corners. [SOURCE: EN 12166:2011, 3.1] 3.4 deviation from circular form difference between the maximum and the minimum diameters measured at any one cross-section of a round product [SOURCE: EN 12163:2011, 3.2] 4 Designations 4.1 Material 4.1.1 General The material is designated either by symbol or by number (see Table 1 and Table 2). 4.1.2 Symbol The material symbol designation is based on the designation system given in ISO 1190-1. NOTE Although material symbol designations used in this standard might be the same as those in other standards using the designation system given in ISO 1190-1, the detailed composition requirements are not necessarily the same. 4.1.3 Number The material number designation is in accordance with the system given in EN 1412. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 8 4.2 Material condition For the purposes of this standard, the following designations, which are in accordance with the system given in EN 1173, apply for the material condition: D Material condition for the product as cold worked without specified mechanical properties; H. Material condition designated by the minimum value of hardness requirement for the product with mandatory hardness requirements; R. Material condition designated by the minimum value of tensile strength requirement for the product with mandatory tensile strength, 0,2 % proof strength and elongation requirements. Products in the H. condition may be specified to Vickers or Brinell hardness. The material condition designation H. is the same for both hardness test methods. Exact conversion between the material conditions designated H. and R. is not possible. Material condition is designated by only one of the above designations. 4.3 Product The product designation provides a standardised pattern of designation from which a rapid and unequivocal description of a product can be conveyed in communication. It provides mutual comprehension at the international level with regard to products which meet the requirements of the relevant European Standard. The product designation is no substitute for the full content of the standard. The product designation for products to this standard shall consist of: a) denomination (rod, bar or wire); b) number of this European Standard (EN 13601); c) material designation, either symbol or number (see Table 1 and Table 2); d) material condition designation (see Table 3); e) cross-sectional shape (the following designations shall be used as appropriate: RND for round, SQR for square, HEX for hexagonal); f) nominal cross-sectional dimensions: 1) round rod or wire: diameter; 2) square or hexagonal rod or wire: width across-flats; 3) bar or rectangular wire: thickness × width; g) tolerance class for round, square or hexagonal rod or wire (see Table 4); h) corner type for square or hexagonal rod, bar or rectangular wire (the following designations shall be used as appropriate: SH for sharp, RD for rounded, CE for semi-circular edges) (see 6.6.2). The derivation of a product designation is shown in Example 1 and other typical product designations are shown in Example 2 and Example 3. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 9 EXAMPLE 1 Rod for electrical purposes conforming to this standard, in material designated either Cu-ETP or CW004A, in material condition H085, round, with nominal diameter 15 mm and tolerance Class A, will be designated as follows:
Rod — EN 13601 — Cu-ETP — H085 — RND15A
or
Rod — EN 13601 — CW004A — H085 — RND15A Denomination Number of this European Standard Material designation Material condition designation Cross-sectional shape, nominal cross-sectional dimension in millimetres, tolerance class
EXAMPLE 2 Bar for electrical purposes conforming to this standard, in material designated either CuAg0,10 or CW013A, in material condition R280, rectangular, nominal thickness 15 mm, nominal width 100 mm, semi-circular edge, will be designated as follows: Bar EN 13601 — CuAg0,10 — R280 — 15 × 100 — CE or Bar EN 13601 — CW013A— R280 — 15 × 100 — CE EXAMPLE 3 Wire for electrical purposes conforming to this standard, in material designated either Cu-OF or CW008A, in material condition H035, hexagonal, with nominal width across-flats 8 mm, tolerance Class B and sharp corners, will be designated as follows: Wire EN 13601 — Cu-OF— H035 — HEX8B — SH or Wire EN 13601 — CW008A — H035 — HEX8B — SH 5 Ordering information In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and confirmation of order procedures between the purchaser and the supplier, the purchaser shall state on his enquiry and order the following information: a) quantity of product required (mass, number of rods or bars or coils of wire); b) denomination (rod, bar or wire); c) number of this European Standard (EN 13601); d) material designation (see Table 1 and Table 2); e) material condition designation (see 4.2 and Table 3); f) cross-sectional shape (round, square, hexagonal or rectangular); g) nominal dimensions (diameter, width across-flats or thickness × width); SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 10 h) tolerance class for round, square or hexagonal rod or wire: either Class A (minus tolerance only) or Class B (plus/minus tolerance) (see Table 4); i) type of corner (see 6.6.2); j) for rod or bar, the length required (see 6.6.3); k) for wire, the coil type: pancake, traverse wound, bunch or on drums (see 6.8); l) coil size requirements: inside and/or outside diameter and width or mass. It is recommended that the product designation, as described in 4.3, is used for b) to i). In addition, the purchaser shall also state on the enquiry and order any of the following, if required: m) test method to be used for measurement of hardness, i.e. Brinell or Vickers (see 8.3) unless the test method is to be left to the discretion of the supplier; n) whether sawn or sheared ends are required (see 6.6.3); o) whether special surface conditions are required (see 6.10); p) whether a bend test is required (see 6.3); q) whether form tolerances for wire are required (see 6.7.1); r) whether length of wire is required (see 6.6.3); s) whether sampling is required (see Clause 7); t) whether a declaration of conformity is required (see 9.1); u) whether an inspection document is required, and if so, which type (see 9.2); v) whether there are any special requirements for marking, packaging or labelling (see Clause 10). EXAMPLE 1 Ordering details for 250 pieces bar for general electrical purposes conforming to EN 13601, in material designated either CuAg0,10 or CW013A, in material condition R280, rectangular, nominal thickness 15 mm, nominal width 100 mm, semi-circular edge, fixed length 4 500 mm: 250 pieces Bar EN 13601— CuAg0,10 — R280 — 15 × 100 — CE— 4500 FL or 250 pieces Bar EN 13601— CW013A — R280 — 15 × 100 — CE—4500 FL EXAMPLE 2 Ordering details for 1 000 kg wire for general electrical purposes conforming to EN 13601, in material designated either Cu-OF or CW008A, in material condition H035, hexagonal, nominal width across flats 8 mm, tolerance Class B, with sharp corners, nominal inside diameter of coil 500 mm: 1 000 kg Wire EN 13601— Cu-OF — H035 — HEX8B — SH— nominal inside diameter of coil 500 mm or 1 000 kg Wire EN 13601— CW008A — H035 — HEX8B — SH— nominal inside diameter of coil 500 mm SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 11 6 Requirements 6.1 Composition The composition shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate material given in Table 1 and Table 2. NOTE For characteristics of coppers for electrical purposes, see Annex A. 6.2 Mechanical properties The mechanical properties shall conform to the appropriate requirements given in Table 3. The tests shall be carried out in accordance with either 8.2 (tensile test) or 8.3 (hardness test). 6.3 Bending characteristics If required, bending characteristics shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order. The test shall be carried out in accordance with 8.4. 6.4 Electrical properties The electrical properties shall conform to the appropriate requirements given in Table 4. The test shall be carried out in accordance with 8.5. 6.5 Freedom from hydrogen embrittlement Rod, bar and wire in copper grades Cu-OF (CW008A), CuAg0,04P (CW014A), CuAg0,07P (CW015A), CuAg0,10P (CW016A), CuAg0,04(OF) (CW017A), CuAg0,07(OF) (CW018A), CuAg0,10(OF) (CW019A), Cu-PHC (CW020A) and Cu-HCP (CW021A) shall show no evidence of cracking, when tested and visually examined in accordance with 8.6. 6.6 Dimensions and tolerances 6.6.1 Diameter or width across-flats The diameter or width across-flats of round, square, hexagonal or rectangular rod, bar or wire shall conform to the appropriate tolerances given in Table 5 and Table 6. 6.6.2 Corner configuration 6.6.2.1 General Rod, bar and wire may be supplied with sharp corners, rounded corners or semi-circular edges. The type of corner shall be specified at the time of order [see Clause 5 list entry i)]. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 12 6.6.2.2 Sharp corners Sharp corners (SH) of square, hexagonal and rectangular rod, bar and wire (see Figure 1) shall conform to Table 7.
Figure 1 — Sharp corner 6.6.2.3 Rounded corners Rounded corners (RD) of square, hexagonal and rectangular rod, bar and wire (see Figure 2) shall conform to Table 8.
Figure 2 — Rounded corner 6.6.2.4 Semi-circular edge The radius of semi-circular edges (CE) of rectangular bar and wire (see Figure 3) is half the thickness and shall conform to a tolerance of ± 20 % of the radius; the arc of curvature shall merge smoothly into the adjacent flat side and shall be free from sharp, rough or projecting corners.
Figure 3 — Semi-circular edge 6.6.3 Length 6.6.3.1 General Rod and bar shall be supplied either in manufactured length (ML) or fixed length (FL), with ends either sawn or sheared. If required, the length of wire shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. 6.6.3.2 Manufactured lengths (ML) Manufactured lengths (ML) shall be supplied in the nominal lengths. The tolerances are by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 13 It is permissible for 10 % of the number of rods and bars in a consignment to be shorter, but not less than 50 % of the nominal length. 6.6.3.3 Fixed lengths (FL) The lengths supplied as fixed lengths shall conform to the tolerances given in Table 9. The deviation from squareness of the cut shall be a maximum of 2 % of the diameter or width or major across-flats dimension of the rod and bar and is included in the fixed length tolerance. 6.7 Form tolerances 6.7.1 General The form tolerances given in 6.7.2 to 6.7.4 shall apply to the following: a) rod and bar only; if necessary, form tolerances for wire shall be agreed between the supplier and the purchaser; b) diameters, widths across-flats or widths of bar equal to or greater than 10 mm; c) all material conditions except D and H035/R200 (annealed). The deviation shall be measured with the rod or bar supported on a horizontal reference plane, such that the deviation is minimised by the mass of the rod or bar. 6.7.2 Twist Square or hexagonal rod and bar shall conform to the twist tolerances given in Table 10 (see 6.7.1). The twist v shall be measured as indicated in Figure 4. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 14
Key 1 reference plane a thickness b width v twist Figure 4 — Measurement of twist 6.7.3 Straightness Rod and bar shall conform to the straightness tolerances given in Table 11 (see 6.7.1). The deviations from straightness h1 and h2 shall be measured as indicated in Figure 5.
Key 1
reference plane h1, h2 deviations from straightness l1, l2
measuring lengths Figure 5 — Measurement of straightness 6.7.4 Flatness of bar Bars shall conform to the flatness tolerances given in Table 12 (see 6.7.1). The deviation from flatness e of bar (thickness a, width b) shall be measured as indicated in Figure 6. SIST EN 13601:2013
EN 13601:2013 (E) 15
Key 1 reference plane a thickness b width e deviation from flatness Figure 6 — Measurement of flatness 6.8 Wire in coils The type of coil, its inside and/or outside diameter, its width or its mass shall be specified by the purchaser at the time of order [see Clause 5 list entry k) and list entry l)]. NOTE Coil types are: pancake, traverse wound, bunch and on drums. 6.9 Mass tolerances The deviation of the mass of the consignment may amount up to ± 10 %. 6.10 Surface condition The products shall be clean and free from injurious defects, which shall be specified by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order. A superficial film of residual lubricant is normally present on cold drawn products and is permissible unless otherwise specified. Discolouration is permissible as long as it does not impair utilisation. Special requirements for the application, e.g. contact area, surface coating, shall be agreed between the pur-chaser and the supplier [see Clause 5 list entry o)]. 7 Sampling 7.1 General When required (e.g. if necessary in accordance with specified procedures of a supplier's quality management system, or when the purchaser requests inspection documents with test re
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