SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2008
(Main)Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
This Technical Report describes the FTTX-network. As a guideline other parts of the fibre optic infrastructure are given in this clause. First some basics: sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are digital data expressed in terms of bit, bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T)). A bit (binary digit) is the smallest digital unit and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte includes 8 bits and defines the size of a data file. Transmission capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per second (bps). When a data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means that 10 bits are required for 1 byte.
Lichtwellenleiterzugang zum Endkunden - Leitfaden für die Erstellung von FTTX Lichtwellenleiternetzen
Dostop prek optičnih vlaken do končnega uporabnika - Napotki za gradnjo optičnega omrežja FTTX
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2008
01-januar-2008
'RVWRSSUHNRSWLþQLKYODNHQGRNRQþQHJDXSRUDEQLND1DSRWNL]DJUDGQMR
RSWLþQHJDRPUHåMD)77;
Fibre optic access to end-user - A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
Lichtwellenleiterzugang zum Endkunden - Leitfaden für die Erstellung von FTTX
Lichtwellenleiternetzen
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TR 50510:2007
ICS:
33.180.99 'UXJDRSUHPD]DRSWLþQD Other fibre optic equipment
YODNQD
SIST-TP CLC/TR 50510:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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TECHNICAL REPORT
CLC/TR 50510
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
October 2007
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 33.180.99
English version
Fibre optic access to end-user -
A guideline to building of FTTX fibre optic network
This Technical Report was approved by CENELEC on 2007-07-06.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. CLC/TR 50510:2007 E
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CLC/TR 50510:2007 – 2 –
Foreword
This Technical Report was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 86A, Optical fibres and
optical fibre cables.
The text of the draft was submitted to vote in accordance with the Internal Regulations, Part 2,
Subclause 11.4.3.3 (simple majority) and was approved by CENELEC as CLC/TR 50510 on 2007-07-06.
__________
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Contents
Executive summary. 6
1 Network Structure and Nodes – A guideline .8
1.1 Introduction . 8
1.2 Levels. 9
1.2.1 Physical routing .9
1.2.2 Passive transmission media . 9
1.2.3 Transmission-, IP- and application level . 10
1.2.4 Ownership, operating and maintenance . 10
1.3 Network topology – Terminology . 10
1.3.1 Infrastructure parts . 10
1.3.2 National network. 11
1.3.3 Regional network. 11
1.3.4 Municipality connecting network . 11
1.3.5 Metropolitan or urban network . 12
1.3.6 Access network . 12
1.4 Node topology – Terminology. 13
1.4.1 National node . 14
1.4.2 Regional node . 14
1.4.3 Community main node. 14
1.4.4 Municipality node. 14
1.4.5 Fibre cross connect node (fccn). 14
1.4.6 Access node. 14
1.5 Examples of FTTX topologies. 15
1.6 Access network . 18
1.6.1 FTTX in access networks . 18
1.6.2 Size of an FTTX-network. 18
2 Passive network solutions. 20
2.1 Choice of fibre type – Single-mode/multimode. 20
2.2 Number of fibres for each end-user . 22
2.3 Connectors in the FTTX-network. 23
2.4 Fibre splicing . 25
2.5 Link dimensioning. 25
2.6 Calculation of an optical budget. 25
2.7 Fibre optic cabling . 26
2.8 Pulling, burying and blowing. 28
2.8.1 Fibre volume. 28
2.8.2 Fibre length .28
2.8.3 Installation conditions . 28
2.9 Dimensions for microducts and multi ducts. 29
2.10 Hybrid cables and ducts for blowing . 30
2.11 Installation of FTTX . 31
2.11.1 Outdoor . 31
2.11.2 Indoor. 31
2.12 Right of Way (RoW) solution . 31
2.12.1 Fibre optic cables in sewer systems (sanitary and stormy ones). 32
2.12.2 Fibre optic cables in gas pipes (fibre-in-gas). 33
2.12.3 Fibre optic cables in drinking water lines . 34
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CLC/TR 50510:2007 – 4 –
2.13 Fibres for blowing . 34
2.14 Microduct optical fibre cables for blowing . 34
2.15 Cables for blowing. 35
2.16 Pre-connectorised fibre . 35
2.17 Optical splitters. 35
2.18 Closures. 36
2.18.1 Fibre management system closures (FMSC). 36
2.18.2 Air blown fibre closures (ABFC). 37
2.18.3 Air blown fibre microduct connectors . 37
2.19 Access and jointing chambers . 38
2.20 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) .38
2.21 Design of a room for an access node . 39
2.22 Power feeding an access node. 41
2.23 Earthing in an access node . 42
3 Network design. 42
3.1 Areas with block(s) of flats (multi-tenants buildings) . 42
3.2 Areas with detached and terraced houses. 43
3.3 Sparsely built-up areas. 44
3.4 Summary of network design . 45
4 Planning and installation – General advice and instructions. 45
4.1 Planning . 45
4.1.1 Rough planning . 45
4.1.2 Ownership circumstances. 46
4.1.3 Housing and property owners. 47
4.1.4 Legal issues – Something to think about . 47
4.1.5 Investigating availability. 47
4.1.6 A study of documents . 47
4.1.7 Detailed planning. 47
4.2 Installation – General advice . 48
4.2.1 Drilling . 48
4.2.2 Cover strips .48
4.2.3 Lift shaft. 48
4.2.4 Messages to residents. 48
4.2.5 Insurance and compensation for damage. 48
4.2.6 Certificate . 48
4.3 Installation in node areas. 48
4.3.1 Access node. 48
4.3.2 Area for splice cabinet – Fibre concentration point . 48
4.3.3 In a flat, a house or similar area (user node – subscriber node). 48
4.4 Work with digging, installation of ducts and pulling of cables and microduct optical fibre
cables. 49
4.4.1 Material for ducts, cables and microduct optical fibre cables . 49
4.4.2 Ploughing for installation of ducts (cables). 50
4.4.3 Digging and milling for installations of ducts (cable). 51
4.4.4 Warning tape or ribbon . 51
4.4.5 Installation in ducts. 52
4.4.6 Sub-ducts .52
4.4.7 Different techniques to install cables into ducts . 53
4.4.8 Traditional installation with pulling rope . 53
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4.4.9 Installation of cable into ducts with compressed air or floating with water . 55
4.4.10 Preventive protection of ducts and cables in manholes. 55
4.4.11 Installation of hanging optical cables or microducts . 56
4.4.12 Self-supported cables/microducts. 56
4.4.13 Hanging of cables with lashing and wrapping . 56
4.4.14 Traditional indoor installation of FTTX . 56
4.4.15 Splicing and its environment. 57
4.4.16 Splice boxes & closures. 57
4.5 Handing over finished installation, inspection . 57
4.6 Safety, risks and risk elimination. 57
5 Measurements, documentation and operation. 59
5.1 Measurements. 59
5.2 Labels and marking . 60
5.3 Final documentation . 61
5.4 Operation and maintenance . 63
6 Quality. 63
7 Glossary. 64
References. 66
Annex A List of standards . 67
Annex B Ducts and microducts. 73
Annex C Block of flats . 75
Annex D Areas with private detached or terraced houses . 82
Annex E Aerial installation of FTTX . 88
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CLC/TR 50510:2007 – 6 –
Executive summary
FTTX normally refers to networks that deploy fibre directly into the customer residences, which can be either
single dwelling units (houses) or multi dwelling units (blocks of flats).
Most FTTX networks are designed without any active equipment in the external network and are therefore
classified as passive optical networks. The only active equipment is at the central office and the customer
premises. FTTH - PON networks can be designed around different architectures.
The purpose of this Technical Report is to be a first guideline for those considering to install a high
bandwidth (high bit-rate) FTTX-network. After studying the Technical Report operators, communities, energy
companies, installers and other will understand the necessary steps to take to plan and install
FTTX-networks with high quality and cost effectiveness, and to secure a uniform structure and a high quality
level on such networks.
The main part of this Technical Report describes the FTTX-networks, but Clause 1 also contains more
general information to give an understanding how these networks fit into the planning of the fibre
infrastructure.
FTTX has for many years been regarded as the most future-proof technique for transmission of broadband
multi-media applications. The building of FTTX-networks has previously been prevented by high costs. New
investigations show, however, that the cost to install a new fibre based network (100 Mbit/s) is a little less
than to install a new copper network. The FTTX-network is also the only structure, which with certainty can
offer both the present and the future needs, which broadband access services require. At the same time the
technique allows efficient operating maintenance and cost savings.
The networks to be presented used to be called FTTH, but with the strategy described here fibre networks
can reach anywhere (X). The end-user can be separate homes, houses, office environments, optoelectrical
transitions in equipment for alarms, surveillance, monitoring devices etc.
The Technical Report also describes recommendations and gives basic requirements to be fulfilled by a fibre
installation in an FTTX-network to satisfy present and future requirements on capacity, transmission distance
and quality. As a target, the minimum capacity is set to 1 Gbit/s (1 000 Mbit/s) up to 10 km distance; for
certain access applications (e.g. flats or multi-tenants buildings) a shorter distance can be targeted, e.g.
500 m to 2 000 m. Relevant types of optical fibres (single-mode and multimode) are specified in
EN 60793-2-50 and EN 60793-2-10. However, in the industry a single-mode fibre is typically called by its ITU
terminology (e.g. G.652). The physical network should have an expected lifetime of 25 years.
The recommendations are written for a general audience, but in particular for people involved in private and
public enterprises, people responsible for broadband decisions, planning and installations.
The Technical Report is divided into six independent clauses:
• Clause 1 is an introduction and gives a view of the IT-infrastructure and a survey of the basic structure
for the fibre optical broadband.
• Clause 2 describes system solutions for FTTX including requirements on capacity and installation
techniques.
• Clause 3 is a guideline on how to create a network and gives an overview of applicable network
topologies.
• Clause 4 gives basic information about installation and planning before installation.
• Clause 5 treats measurements and documentation.
• Clause 6 treats quality issues.
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A number of annexes are included to give deeper knowledge in certain areas. They are broad examples and
can be used to give a better view on the principles for installation of FTTX-networks with cables, microduct
optical fibre cables, microducts and microduct fibre unit cables (blown fibres). To some extent these annexes
are company specific, which the reader should be aware of. Annex A (reference [1]) gives a comprehensive
list of standards. References [2], [3] and [5] give a good overview of the present status in both ITU-T, IEC
and the general CENELEC view.
Some of the requirements put forward in this Technical Report are unique for an FTTX-network and should
not be used in a general sense for optical networks.
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CLC/TR 50510:2007 – 8 –
1 Network Structure and Nodes – A guideline
1.1 Introduction
This Technical Report describes the FTTX-network. As a guideline other parts of the fibre optic infrastructure
are given in this clause.
First some basics: sound, pictures, voice, data carried by networks are digital data expressed in terms of bit,
bytes and their multiples (kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T)). A bit (binary digit) is the smallest digital unit
and has only two values: 0 or 1. A byte includes 8 bits and defines the size of a data file. Transmission
capacity of networks and terminals is not expressed by using bytes, but using bit per second (bps). When a
data file is transferred in a network two supplementary bits are necessary. It means that 10 bits are required
for 1 byte.
In the case of a VDSL subscriber with 10 Mbit/s, who wants to upload a pdf data file, the Web provider
indicates for instance the following size: 20 Megabytes. It should then take 20 s. However, for any Mbit/s
subscription the fact is that the real final data flow is about a quarter of the notified data flow, because the
data flow is shared between subscribers and its quality depends on the activity of the other subscribers. It
means that the 20 Megabytes data file will need 1 min 20 s to be uploaded. For instance a 15 Mbit/s ADSL
system gives only 1 Mbit/s for uploading. The following table gives some further examples of transmission
times for uploading a quality DVD-movie, if there is no data flow sharing.
Transmission speed Uploading time
0,128 Mbit/s 5 days, 8 h
10 Mbit/s 8 h
100 Mbit/s 0,8 h
1 000 Mbit/s 50 s
We do not know the new tools that will be created by the real high bit rate networks. New applications (not
invented today) will appear and applications originally dedicated to professionals will be extended to all in a
similar way as it happened with the mobile phone.
It is important to define the meaning of « low, medium and high bit rate transmission ». One possible
classification is presently the following:
− low bit rate transmission: up to 1 Mbit/s
− medium bit rate transmission: 1 up to 10 Mbit/s
− high bit rate transmission: 10 up to 100 Mbit/s and more.
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1.2 Levels
For a level-designed view on the components in the build-up of the infrastructure, see Figure 1.
Figure 1 – Network levels
From the bottom up, Figure 1 shows:
• Physical routing: Duct for cables, for microduct optical fibre cables, and for microduct fibre unit cables
(blown fibre products) and for structures for antennas
• Passive transmission and interconnecting media: optical fibre cable, connectors, antennas, boxes,
closures and their physical interconnections
• Active transmission systems: Logical connections over a physical connection
• IP: The internet operator network service to the user
• Application: Equipment, program and data bases of the user
Designing the infrastructure in levels makes it possible for different ownership of individual levels. This
creates possibilities for open networks and competition, but also presents risks regarding responsibilities and
long-term interaction.
1.2.1 Physical routing
The lowest level in the physical network is the physical routing. It consists of ducts in standard dimensions,
antenna structures, network material and microducts among others. Also existing infrastructure tubing as
sewer-, gas-, and drinking water tubes may be used. It should have an expected lifetime of 25 years.
A large part of this level belongs to the FTTX and will be thoroughly described in this book. Most of the cost
for a broadband network is in the planning and installation of the routing layer. It is therefore important to be
accurate in planning, installation and documentation, and that the material of the parts is of high quality.
Normally the network owner owns this level.
1.2.2 Passive transmission media
Level 2 contains optical fibres and cables, interconnecting devices (connectors, splices, closures, …), copper
cables (not treated here) and antennas (also not treated here) for radio networks (FWA, WLAN, 2G, 3G, 4G,
LMDS).
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CLC/TR 50510:2007 – 10 –
The optical fibre and cable have a mechanical lifetime that corresponds to the ducting level. However, the
transmission lifetime depends on required future services on the fibres. These future requirements may
demand more capacity compared to present planning prediction. If that is the case, the fibre may need to be
replaced by a fibre with better transmission performance. It is therefore proposed in this guideline to use
single-mode fibre in the FTTX-networks, since it has by far the largest capacity well above the 1 Gbit/s over
long distances up to 40 km. In cases where the length is limited to 500 m – 2 000 m (e.g. multi-tenant
buildings) also multimode fibres can be considered. By installing optical fibres and cables in ducts the costs
for replacements and repair are substantially lower than without ducts. The network owner normally owns
cable and fibre.
1.2.3 Transmission-, IP- and application level
Transmission-, IP- and application level will not be described in this Technical Report.
1.2.4 Ownership, operating and maintenance
When all parts in the infrastructure fulfil specified quality requirements regarding transmission and
installation, different ownerships could be possible. Ownership and operation could be split by different
governmental or community companies, jointly owned companies between different communities, energy
companies, building enterprises. Housing co-operatives, house-owner associations, private persons and
landowners may also own the local network closest to the end-users.
Considering operation and maintenance the network level owners have to specify acceptable downtimes.
1.3 Network topology – Terminology
1.3.1 Infrastructure parts
To get an overall picture about optical fibre networks it is necessary to explain some of the terminology and
concepts used.
The higher the network is in a network topology, the higher traffic volume, capacity, requirements on function
and availability and therefore also the strategic significance and need for protection and security in the
network. All IP-traffic can be distributed, which means that this hierarchy may be flattened in a few years.
The present network is a combination of a traditional telephone- and a future IP-network, which can be
described as in Figures 2 to 7. This means that the information can find the best route when alternative
routes are available.
National network
Regional network
Municipality connecting
network
Metropolitan or
urban network
...
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