SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of densification properties of ceramic powders on natural sintering (ISO 21821:2019)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of densification properties of ceramic powders on natural sintering (ISO 21821:2019)
This document specifies the test method to determine the extent to which ceramic powder compacts made of granulated or ungranulated ceramic powders are densified, when they are sintered at a high temperature without the application of any external pressure or external densification force. The test method is applicable to pure oxides, mixtures of oxides and solid solutions, and is also applicable to non-oxides (e.g. carbides, nitrides) that can be sintered under vacuum or constant gas pressure (1 bar or less) to prevent oxidation or decomposition. The test method is not applicable to ceramics that can only be sintered using pressure-assisted sintering techniques such as hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), gas pressure sintering (GPS) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). Inorganic sintering additives can be used where their presence is reported.
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung des Verdichtungsverhaltens keramischer Pulver beim natürlichen Sinterbrand (ISO 21821:2019)
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) - Détermination des propriétés de densification des poudres céramiques lors d'un frittage naturel (ISO 21821:2019)
Le présent document spécifie la méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer dans quelle mesure les comprimés de poudre céramique constitués de poudres céramiques granulées ou non sont densifiés, lorsqu’ils sont frittés à haute température sans appliquer de pression externe ni de force de densification externe. La méthode d’essai s’applique aux oxydes purs, aux mélanges d’oxydes et de solutions solides, et également aux matériaux ne contenant pas d’oxyde (par exemple carbures, nitrures) qui peuvent être frittés sous vide ou sous pression de gaz constante (à 1 bar ou moins) pour empêcher l’oxydation ou la décomposition. La méthode d’essai ne s’applique pas aux céramiques qui ne peuvent être frittées qu’à l’aide de techniques de frittage assistées par pression telles que la compression à chaud («hot pressing», HP), la compression isostatique à chaud («hot isostatic pressing», HIP), le frittage sous pression de gaz («gas pressure sintering», GPS) ou le frittage flash («spark plasma sintering», SPS). Des additifs de frittage inorganiques peuvent être utilisés lorsque leur présence est signalée.
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje zgoščevalnih lastnosti keramičnega prahu pri naravnem sintranju (ISO 21821:2019)
Ta dokument določa preskusne metode za določanje obsega zgostitve kompaktnega keramičnega prahu, izdelanega iz granuliranih ali negranuliranih keramičnih praškov med sintranjem pri visoki temperaturi brez uporabe zunanjega tlaka ali zunanje zgoščevalne sile. Preskusna metoda se uporablja za čiste okside, zmesi oksidov in trdnih raztopin ter tudi za neokside (npr. karbide, nitride), ki jih je mogoče sintrati v vakuumu ali pri stalnem plinskem tlaku (1 bar ali manj), da se prepreči oksidacija oziroma razgradnja. Preskusna metoda se ne uporablja za keramiko, ki jo je mogoče sintrati samo s tehnikami sintranja s pomočjo tlaka, kot je vroče stiskanje (HP), vroče izostatično stiskanje (HIP), sintranje s plinskim tlakom (GPS) ali sintranje v iskreči plazmi (SPS). Anorganske dodatke za sintranje je mogoče uporabiti, če so prisotni.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
01-februar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 725-11:2007
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje
zgoščevalnih lastnosti keramičnega prahu pri naravnem sintranju (ISO
21821:2019)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of
densification properties of ceramic powders on natural sintering (ISO 21821:2019)
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung des Verdichtungsverhaltens keramischer Pulver
beim natürlichen Sinterbrand (ISO 21821:2019)
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) -
Détermination des propriétés de densification des poudres céramiques lors d'un frittage
naturel (ISO 21821:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21821:2022
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST EN ISO 21821:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
EN ISO 21821
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 725-11:2006
English Version
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) - Determination of densification properties of
ceramic powders on natural sintering (ISO 21821:2019)
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung des
céramiques techniques avancées) - Détermination des Verdichtungsverhaltens keramischer Pulver beim
propriétés de densification des poudres céramiques natürlichen Sinterbrand (ISO 21821:2019)
lors d'un frittage naturel (ISO 21821:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2022.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21821:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
EN ISO 21821:2022 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
2
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
EN ISO 21821:2022 (E)
European foreword
The text of ISO 21821:2019 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 "Fine ceramics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 21821:2022
by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by
DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 725-11:2006.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21821:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21821:2022 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21821
First edition
2019-10
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of densification
properties of ceramic powders on
natural sintering
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Détermination des propriétés de densification des
poudres céramiques lors d’un frittage naturel
Reference number
ISO 21821:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
ISO 21821:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
ISO 21821:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Symbols and designation . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 6
8 Procedure. 6
8.1 Compaction . 6
8.2 Heat treatment . 6
8.2.1 Selection of test temperatures . 6
8.2.2 Thermal cycle. 6
8.3 Measurement . 7
9 Expression of results . 7
9.1 Calculation . 7
9.2 Densification curve . 7
10 Test report . 9
Bibliography .11
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
ISO 21821:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 21821:2023
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21821:2019(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of densification properties of
ceramic powders on natural sintering
1 Scope
This document specifies the test method to determine the extent to which ceramic powder compacts
made of granulated or ungranulated ceramic powders are densified, when they are sintered at a high
temperature without the application of any external pressure or external densification force. The test
method is applicable to pure oxides, mixtures of oxides and solid solutions, and is also applicable to
non-oxides (e.g. carbides, nitrides) that can be sintered under vacuum or constant gas pressure (1 bar
or less) to prevent oxidation or decomposition. The test method is not applicable to ceramics that can
only be sintered using pressure-assisted sintering techniques such as hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic
pressing (HIP), gas pressure sintering (GPS) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). Inorganic sintering
additives can be used where their presence is reported.
2 Normative references
The following documents are refer
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
01-september-2022
Fina keramika (sodobna keramika, sodobna tehnična keramika) - Določanje
zgoščevalnih lastnosti keramičnega prahu pri naravnem sintranju (ISO
21821:2019)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of
densification properties of ceramic powders on natural sintering (ISO 21821:2019)
Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung des Verdichtungsverhaltens keramischer Pulver
beim natürlichen Sinterbrand (ISO 21821:2019)
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) -
Détermination des propriétés de densification des poudres céramiques lors d'un frittage
naturel (ISO 21821:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21821
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21821
First edition
2019-10
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Determination of densification
properties of ceramic powders on
natural sintering
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Détermination des propriétés de densification des
poudres céramiques lors d’un frittage naturel
Reference number
ISO 21821:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
ISO 21821:2019(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
ISO 21821:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Symbols and designation . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Sampling . 6
8 Procedure. 6
8.1 Compaction . 6
8.2 Heat treatment . 6
8.2.1 Selection of test temperatures . 6
8.2.2 Thermal cycle. 6
8.3 Measurement . 7
9 Expression of results . 7
9.1 Calculation . 7
9.2 Densification curve . 7
10 Test report . 9
Bibliography .11
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
ISO 21821:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21821:2019(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Determination of densification properties of
ceramic powders on natural sintering
1 Scope
This document specifies the test method to determine the extent to which ceramic powder compacts
made of granulated or ungranulated ceramic powders are densified, when they are sintered at a high
temperature without the application of any external pressure or external densification force. The test
method is applicable to pure oxides, mixtures of oxides and solid solutions, and is also applicable to
non-oxides (e.g. carbides, nitrides) that can be sintered under vacuum or constant gas pressure (1 bar
or less) to prevent oxidation or decomposition. The test method is not applicable to ceramics that can
only be sintered using pressure-assisted sintering techniques such as hot pressing (HP), hot isostatic
pressing (HIP), gas pressure sintering (GPS) or spark plasma sintering (SPS). Inorganic sintering
additives can be used where their presence is reported.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3611, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment: Micrometers for
external measurements — Design and metrological characteristics
ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 17172, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Determination of
compaction properties of ceramic powders
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
When ceramic powder compacts are heat-treated at high temperatures, they shrink and are densified
due to sintering. The mass, dimensions (diameter and height), volume and apparent density of a ceramic
powder compact are measured before and after sintering through thermal treatment. The variations in
mass, dimensions, volume and apparent density depend on maximum temperature, dwell time, heating
rate and apparent density after compaction, and can be expressed as a function of these parameters.
For example, the variation in relative density can be plotted as a function of sintering temperature for
each compacting pressure.
© ISO 2019 – All rights reserved 1
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oSIST prEN ISO 21821:2022
ISO 21821:2019(E)
5 Symbols and designation
Symbols used throughout this document and their designations are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols, designations and units of mass, volume, density, dimension and sintering
temperature
Symbol Designation Unit Formula
D Diameter of sample before sintering mm —
a
D Diameter of sample after sintering mm —
H Height of sample before sintering mm —
a
H Height of sample after sinte
...
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