SIST EN 13477-2:2021
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - Equipment characterisation - Part 2: Verification of operating characteristics
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - Equipment characterisation - Part 2: Verification of operating characteristics
This document specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of acoustic emission (AE) equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the equipment under laboratory conditions. Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after purchase of equipment, in order to obtain reference data for later verifications. Verification is also advised after repair, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction. The procedures described in this document do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer specifies alternative equivalent procedures. Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive zones are not considered in this document.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung - Charakterisierung der Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2: Überprüfung der Betriebskenngrössen
Dieses Dokument legt Prüfprogramme für die regelmäßige Überprüfung der Leistung der Schallemissions Prüfausrüstung (en: acoustic emission, AE) fest, d. h. für Sensoren, Vorverstärker, Signalprozessoren, externe parametrische Eingänge.
Es ist dafür vorgesehen, von Fachleuten angewendet zu werden, um einen automatisierten Überprüfungsprozess durchzuführen.
Nach dem Kauf der Prüfausrüstung wird eine Überprüfung der Messeigenschaften empfohlen, um Referenzwerte für spätere Überprüfungen zu erhalten. Darüber hinaus wird eine Überprüfung nach einer Reparatur, nach Modifikationen, nach einem Einsatz unter außergewöhnlichen Bedingungen oder bei Verdacht auf eine fehlerhafte Funktion empfohlen.
Die in diesem Dokument festgelegten Verfahren schließen andere qualifizierte Verfahren, z. B. eine Überprüfung im Frequenzbereich, nicht aus. Diese Verfahren sind allgemeingültig, wenn nicht der Hersteller alternative gleichwertige Verfahren festlegt.
Sicherheitsaspekte für Prüfausrüstungen, die in möglicherweise explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen eingesetzt werden, werden im vorliegenden Dokument nicht betrachtet.
Essais non destructifs - Essais d'émission acoustique - Caractérisation de l'équipement - Partie 2 : Vérifications des caractéristiques de fonctionnement
Le présent document spécifie des méthodes d’essai de routine pour la vérification périodique des performances d’un équipement d’essai d’émission acoustique, c’est à dire des capteurs, des préamplificateurs, des processeurs de signaux, des entrées paramétriques externes.
Il est destiné à un personnel qualifié pour la mise en oeuvre d’un processus de vérification automatisé.
La vérification des caractéristiques de mesure est recommandée après l’achat de l’équipement afin d’obtenir des données de référence pour les vérifications ultérieures. La vérification est également recommandée après toute réparation, modification ou toute utilisation dans des conditions extraordinaires ou en cas de suspicion d’un dysfonctionnement.
Les modes opératoires spécifiés dans le présent document n’excluent pas toute autre méthode qualifiée, par exemple une vérification dans le domaine fréquentiel. Ces modes opératoires s’appliquent de manière générale, sauf spécification de modes opératoires alternatifs équivalents par le fabricant.
Les aspects de sécurité de l’équipement destiné à être utilisé dans des zones potentiellement explosibles ne sont pas pris en considération dans le présent document.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Akustična emisija - Določanje značilnosti opreme - 2. del: Preverjanje lastnosti delovanja
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 13477-2:2021
01-december-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13477-2:2011
Neporušitvene preiskave - Akustična emisija - Določanje značilnosti opreme - 2.
del: Preverjanje lastnosti delovanja
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - Equipment characterisation - Part 2:
Verification of operating characteristics
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung - Charakterisierung der
Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2: Überprüfung der Betriebskenngrössen
Essais non destructifs - Essais d'émission acoustique - Caractérisation de l'équipement -
Partie 2 : Vérifications des caractéristiques de fonctionnement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13477-2:2021
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
SIST EN 13477-2:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 13477-2:2010
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing -
Equipment characterisation - Part 2: Verification of
operating characteristics
Essais non destructifs - Essais d'émission acoustique - Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung -
Caractérisation de l'équipement - Partie 2 : Charakterisierung der Prüfausrüstung - Teil 2:
Vérifications des caractéristiques de fonctionnement Überprüfung der Betriebskenngrössen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 May 2021.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13477-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Required test equipment and test signals . 8
4.1 List of required equipment . 8
4.2 Test signal waveforms . 9
4.2.1 Continuous sine wave . 9
4.2.2 Triangular-modulated sine wave burst signal . 10
2
4.2.3 Sin -modulated sine wave burst signal . 12
4.2.4 Rectangular-modulated sine wave burst signal . 13
4.2.5 Rectangular pulse . 14
4.2.6 Repetitive signals . 14
4.2.7 DC signal . 15
4.2.8 Summary of test signals . 15
4.3 Test block . 15
4.4 Shielding test plate . 15
5 Sensor verification . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Intended purpose . 16
5.3 Preparation of the report form and preliminary examination . 16
5.4 Sensitivity verification . 17
5.4.1 General . 17
5.4.2 Test procedure . 17
5.5 Verification of the electrical shield crosstalk . 18
5.5.1 General . 18
5.5.2 Procedure. 22
5.6 Pre-amplifier verification of sensor-internal pre-amplifier . 22
6 Pre-amplifier verification . 23
6.1 Preparation of the report form and preliminary examination . 23
6.2 Verification of DC consumption . 24
6.2.1 General . 24
6.2.2 Verifying a limit or a deviation . 25
6.2.3 Procedure. 25
6.3 Verification of the pre-amplifier characteristics . 26
6.3.1 General . 26
6.3.2 Gain verification . 26
6.3.3 Bandwidth verification . 28
6.3.4 Electronic noise verification . 30
6.3.5 Dynamic range verification . 32
6.3.6 Common mode rejection verification . 35
6.3.7 Pulsing test . 35
7 Acoustic emission signal processor verification . 35
7.1 General . 35
7.1.1 Overview . 35
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7.1.2 Preparation of the report form . 38
7.2 Signal processor noise verification . 39
7.2.1 General . 39
7.2.2 Test procedure . 40
7.3 Verification of RMS measurement and floating threshold functionality . 41
7.3.1 General . 41
7.3.2 Test procedure . 43
7.4 Verification of the fixed detection threshold . 43
7.4.1 General . 43
7.4.2 Procedure for signal stimulation and data acquisition . 45
7.4.3 Procedure for the data verification . 45
7.5 Bandwidth and filter roll-off verification . 45
7.5.1 General . 45
7.5.2 Data needed for verification of bandwidth and roll-off verification. 46
7.5.3 Procedure for signal stimulation and storage . 46
7.5.4 Test procedure for bandwidth verification based on stored AE data. 46
7.6 Burst signal parameter verification. 47
7.6.1 General . 47
7.6.2 Maximum amplitude verification . 47
7.6.3 Duration verification . 50
7.6.4 Rise-time verification . 52
7.6.5 Ring-down count verification . 54
7.6.6 Energy and signal strength verification . 55
8 Verification of the system performance . 58
8.1 External parametric input verification . 58
8.1.1 General . 58
8.1.2 Formulae for parametric input verification . 59
8.1.3 Avoiding the use of a high-accuracy digital voltmeter (HADVM) . 60
8.1.4 Report form preparation . 60
8.1.5 Test procedure for signal stimulation and measurement for parametric input
verification . 61
8.1.6 Test procedure for parametric input data verification . 62
8.2 Pulser verification . 62
8.3 System acquisition rate verification . 62
8.4 Delta t (Δt) measurement verification . 63
8.5 Software verification . 63
9 Test report . 64
Annex A (informative) Report form for the sensor performance verification . 65
Annex B (informative) Report form for the pre-amplifier performance verification . 67
Annex C (informative) Report form for the acoustic emission signal processor verification . 70
Annex D (informative) Report form for the external parametric input verification . 75
Annex E (informative) List of designations . 77
Bibliography . 79
3
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN 13477-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-
destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13477-2:2010.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Improvement of Clause 3 “Terms & Definitions”;
— Improvement of Clause 5 “Sensor verification”;
— Improvement of Clause 6 “Pre-amplifier verification”;
— Improvement of Clause 7 “Acoustic emission signal processor verification”;
— Improvement of Clause 8 “Verification of the system performance”.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies test routines for the periodic verification of the performance of acoustic emission
(AE) test equipment, i.e. sensors, pre-amplifiers, signal processors, external parametric inputs.
It is intended for use by qualified personnel to implement an automated verification process.
Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after purchase of equipment, in order to obtain
reference data for later verifications. Verification is also advised after repair, modifications, use under
extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction.
The procedures specified in this document do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the
frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer specifies alternative
equivalent procedures.
Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive zones are not considered in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1330-1:2014, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 1: List of general terms
EN 1330-2:1998, Non destructive testing - Terminology - Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive
testing methods
EN 1330-9:2017, Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 9: Terms used in acoustic emission testing
EN 13477-1:2001, Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission - Equipment characterisation - Part 1:
Equipment description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-1:2014,
EN 1330-2:1998 and EN 1330-9:2017, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
acoustic emission signal processor
ASP
part of an AE channel for the conversion of the output of the pre-amplifier to digital signal parameters
Note 1 to entry: An AE signal processor can include additional support functions, e.g. pre-amplifier power supply,
test pulse control, transient recorder and more.
3.2
arbitrary function generator
AFG
electronic device for generating programmable test signals, various waveforms and direct current (DC)
5
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
3.3
high-accuracy digital voltmeter
HADVM
electronic device for precise measurement of the DC voltages used for stimulation of external parametric
inputs
3.4
current measurement adapter
CMA1
electrical device for the convenient measurement of DC consumption of a pre-amplifier, supplied by an
AE signal processor
3.5
50 Ω terminator
coaxial plug (BNC style) with an internal 50 Ω resistor between inner wire and shielding
3.6
high impedance
HiZ
high impedance condition of an electrical connection, which is usually terminated by 50 Ω
3.7
DC blocker
BNC male to BNC female connector piece with a capacitor, 10 µF/50 V, non-polarized, between the inner
wires of both connectors, feeding an alternating current (AC) signal through but blocking off its DC
component from an arbitrary function generator (AFG) or a 50 Ω terminator
3.8
distinction of designations from text
distinction in which normal text is reproduced in standard font (Cambria 11 Pt.) and designations in bold
italic font, when it indicates a variable and in bold non-italic font, when it indicates a constant
2
Note 1 to entry: For optimized legibility, superscripts are avoided with the exemption of “ ” (for “square”,
2
e.g. “sin ”), and subscripts are avoided with the exemption of “dB ”, “V ”, “V ”, and “V ”.
AE P PP RMS
3.9
item under verification
IUV
general term and placeholder for any designation code
Note 1 to entry: Lists of items under verification, differently sorted, can be found in Annex E, Tables E.1 and E.2.
6
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SIST EN 13477-2:2021
EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
3.10
designation code
abbreviation of an item under verification, consisting of one or two characters (sometimes more in order
to identify further information) and, for certain items, a one or two-digit number, either a setpoint
number, or the character “s” as placeholder for the setpoint number, or the number of an external
parametric input, or the character “x” as placeholder for the input number
Note 1 to entry: If no extension is appended to a designation code, the measurement value of that code is meant.
EXAMPLE 1 Rs identifies the measured rise-time of setpoint s, see 7.6.4.
EXAMPLE 2 EA1 identifies the measured energy value of the first setpoint of the maximum amplitude-varied
energy verification, see 7.6.6.
EXAMPLE 3 BGRMSs identifies a measured RMS value of the continuous background noise using the maximum
amplitude setpoint As'T of the continuous sine wave test signal C-Sw'T with a nominal frequency F'N, see 7.3.2.
3.11
'N
designation code extension for a nominal value of an IUV for a certain setpoint, defined by the
manufacturer or a procedure or calculated by a formula
EXAMPLE 1 A1’N defines the first nominal maximum amplitude setpoint of a series to be stimulated, measured
and verified against well-defined acceptance criteria, see 7.6.2.
EXAMPLE 2 EAs’N defines a series of nominal signal energies, calculated by using a given formula, to be
stimulated, measured and verified against well-defined acceptance criteria, see 7.6.6.
3.12
‘S
designation code extension for an AE system setpoint
EXAMPLE BPN’S defines the narrow bandpass to be used in the AE signal processor, for measurements as
defined in the procedure.
3.13
’T
designation code extension for a test signal setpoint
EXAMPLE 1 A’T defines the calculated maximum amplitude setpoint for the test signal of the arbitrary function
generator (AFG) output.
2
EXAMPLE 2 S2-Sw’T defines the setpoint for the AFG to generate a sin -modulated sine wave burst.
3.14
.MA
designation code extension for a manufacturer-specified acceptable deviation of a measured maximum
amplitude from the nominal value, in dB
3.15
.MP
designation code extension for an acceptance factor, which, when multiplied with the nominal value of a
linear setpoint, results in the acceptable deviation of a measured value from the nominal value, specified
by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: For verification of the maximum amplitude, A.MP shall be converted from A.MA by Formula (33).
7
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EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
3.16
.MB
designation code extension for an acceptable deviation, which is independent of the nominal value,
specified by the manufacturer, see Table C.3
3.17
.U
designation code extension for an upper acceptance limit, specified by the manufacturer for certain items
EXAMPLE NSWP.U defines an upper limit for the internally generated AE signal processor noise in µV .
P
3.18
.L
designation code extension for a lower acceptance limit, specified by the manufacturer for certain items
EXAMPLE DR.L defines the lower acceptance limit for the dynamic range of a pre-amplifier, see 6.3.5.
3.19
.DP
deviation percentage, i.e. the ratio of an absolute measurement deviation to the acceptable deviation, a
number in %; the acceptance criterion is met if IUV.DP is lower than or equal to 100 %
Note 1 to entry: IUV.DP lets one simply recognize by one number, whether an IUV passed or failed the
verification, independent of the complexity of the acceptance criterion.
Note 2 to entry: Selecting the maximum IUV.DP value of all verification steps performed indicates in one number
whether all verification steps of an IUV succeeded.
3.20
ABS(X)
mathematical function that returns the absolute value of argument X
Note 1 to entry: If X is negative, ABS(X) returns a positive value.
3.21
MAX(X1; X2; …; XN)
mathematical function that returns the greatest value of arguments X1 to XN
3.22
MIN(X1; X2; …; XN)
mathematical function that returns the least value of arguments X1 to XN
4 Required test equipment and test signals
4.1 List of required equipment
The following minimum test equipment is required:
a) test block;
b) shielding test plate;
c) Hsu-Nielsen source, for sensor sensitivity verification;
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EN 13477-2:2021 (E)
d) multimeter for voltage and current measurements of DC during pre-amplifier verification (the model
given in f) can be used for this purpose);
e) test signal generator, an arbitrary function generator (AFG) with the capability to deliver loadable
arbitrary signals, sine waves, rectangle waves, pulses, and also DC for manual or automated
verification of external parametric inputs. The output socket shall be isolated from protective earth,
1
which is the usual case with standard AFGs, e.g. Keysight model 33511B . Key specifications for
accuracy: AC amplitude in mV ± (1 % of setting +1,0) at 1 kHz, frequency ± 0,01 % of setting, DC
PP
voltage in mV ± (1 % of setting + 2,0);
f) high-accuracy digital voltmeter (HADVM) to measure the DC test signal from AFG in sufficient
1
accuracy for the verification of the external parametric inputs e.g. AGILENT Model 34401A . Key
specifications for accuracy: DC voltage in µV ± (0,003 5 % of reading + 100);
g) variable attenuator, graduated in decibels, matching 50 Ω impedance on input and output,
accuracy: ± 0,15 dB;
h) DC power supply, for pre-amplifier supply, with a proper circuit to decouple and terminate the AE
signal, if power is fed in via the signal wire. Can be substituted by a verified AE signal processor, see
also k) and n);
i) RMS voltmeter, with known or settable time constant or time window. Can be substituted by a
verified AE signal processor and appropriate software; key specification: AC accuracy 20 kHz to
1 MHz: ± 0,2 dB;
j) dual-channel storage oscilloscope, for detecting any artefact or non-plausibility in various setups;
k) current measurement adapter (CMA1), if h) is substituted by a verified AE signal processor. Resistor
accuracy: ± 1 %;
l) DC blocker;
m) 50 Ω BNC terminator;
n) verified AE signal processor (two units), can be substituted by h) and i).
All electric/electronic test items shall be subject to the quality management system.
4.2 Test signal waveforms
4.2.1 Continuous sine wave
This type of test signal may be used to verify the frequency response and gain of the pre-amplifier and it
shall be used to verify the accuracy of the continuous signal level of the AE signal processor. The
designation of this signal is C-Sw’T. It is defined by amplitude A and frequency F.
1
This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement
by CEN of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown t
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 13477-2:2019
01-november-2019
Neporušitvene preiskave - Akustična emisija - Določanje značilnosti opreme - 2.
del: Preverjanje lastnosti delovanja
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing - Equipment characterisation - Part 2:
Verification of operating characteristics
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung - Charakterisierung der
Prüfausrüsting - Teil 2: Überprüfug der Betriebskenngrössen
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13477-2
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
oSIST prEN 13477-2:2019 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 13477-2:2019
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oSIST prEN 13477-2:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 13477-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2019
ICS 19.100 Will supersede EN 13477-2:2010
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Acoustic emission testing -
Equipment characterisation - Part 2: Verification of
operating characteristics
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Schallemissionsprüfung -
Charakterisierung der Prüfausrüsting - Teil 2:
Überprüfug der Betriebskenngrössen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 138.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13477-2:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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oSIST prEN 13477-2:2019
prEN 13477-2:2019 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Required test equipment . 8
4.1 List of required equipment . 8
4.2 Test signal waveforms . 9
4.2.1 Continuous sine-wave . 9
4.2.2 Triangular-modulated sine-wave . 9
2
4.2.3 Sin -modulated sine-wave . 10
4.2.4 Rectangular-modulated sine-wave . 12
4.2.5 Pulse . 12
4.2.6 Repetitive signals . 13
4.3 Test Block . 13
4.4 Shielding test plate . 14
5 Sensor verification . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Intended purpose . 14
5.3 Preliminary examination . 14
5.4 Sensitivity verification . 14
5.4.1 General . 14
5.4.2 Procedure. 14
5.5 Verification of the electrical shield crosstalk . 15
5.5.1 General . 15
5.5.2 Procedure. 18
5.6 Pre-amplifier verification of a sensor- pre-amplifier combination . 18
6 Pre-amplifier verification . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Verification of DC-current consumption . 20
6.2.1 General . 20
6.2.2 Procedure. 21
6.3 Verification of the pre-amplifier characteristics . 22
6.3.1 General . 22
6.3.2 Gain verification . 22
6.3.3 Bandwidth verification . 24
6.3.4 Electronic noise verification . 26
6.3.5 Dynamic range verification . 28
6.3.6 Common mode rejection verification . 31
6.3.7 Pulsing test . 31
7 Acoustic emission signal processor verification . 31
7.1 Overview . 31
7.2 System noise verification . 33
7.2.1 General . 33
7.2.2 Procedure. 33
7.3 Verification of RMS measurement and floating threshold functionality . 34
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prEN 13477-2:2019 (E)
7.3.1 General . 34
7.3.2 Procedure . 35
7.4 Verification of the fixed threshold. 36
7.4.1 General . 36
7.4.2 Procedure . 37
7.5 Bandwidth and filter roll-off verification . 38
7.5.1 General . 38
7.5.2 Data for verification of bandwidth and roll-off needed from manufacturer . 39
7.5.3 Procedure . 39
7.6 Burst signal parameter verification. 40
7.6.1 General . 40
7.6.2 Maximum-amplitude verification . 40
7.6.3 Duration verification . 43
7.6.4 Rise time verification procedure . 45
7.6.5 Ring-down count verification procedure . 47
7.6.6 Energy verification procedure . 48
7.6.7 Signal Strength verification . 50
8 Verification of the system performance . 52
8.1 External parametric input verification . 52
8.1.1 General . 52
8.1.2 Formulae for parametric verifications . 53
8.1.3 Procedure for the verification of one parametric input . 54
8.1.4 Concepts of multiple parametric inputs . 56
8.2 Pulser verification . 56
8.3 System acquisition rate verification System acquisition rate verification . 56
8.4 Delta t (Δt) measurement verification . 57
8.5 Software verification . 57
9 Test report . 58
Annex A (informative) Sensor performance report form . 59
Annex B (informative) Pre-amplifier performance check form . 61
Annex C (informative) Acoustic emission signal processor verification report . 63
Annex D (informative) External parametric input verification report . 67
Bibliography . 69
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European foreword
This document (prEN 13477-2:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-
destructive testing”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13477-2:2010.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— Improvement of Clause 3 “Terms & Definitions”;
— Improvement of Clause 5 “Sensor verification”;
— Improvement of Clause 6 “Pre-amplifier verification”;
— Improvement of Clause 7 “Acoustic emission signal processor verification”.
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1 Scope
This document specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of acoustic emission (AE)
equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the
equipment under laboratory conditions. Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after
purchase of equipment, in order to obtain reference data for later verifications. Verification is also
advised after repair, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a
malfunction. The procedures described in this document do not exclude other qualified methods,
e.g. verification in the frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer
specifies alternative equivalent procedures. Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive
zones are not considered in this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1330-1:2014, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 1: List of general terms
EN 1330-2:1998, Non destructive testing – Terminology – Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive
testing methods
EN 1330-9:2017, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 9: Terms used in acoustic emission testing
EN 13477-1:2001, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission – Equipment characterisation – Part 1:
Equipment description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1330-1:2014,
EN 1330-2:1998 as well as EN 1330-9:2017 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
acoustic emission signal processor
ASP
part of an AE channel for the conversion of the output of the pre-amplifier to digital signal parameters
Note 1 to entry: An AE signal processor may include additional support functions, e.g. pre-amplifier power
supply, test pulse control, transient recorder and more.
3.2
arbitrary function generator
AFG
electronic device for generating programmable test signals (burst), various waveforms and DC
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3.3
high accuracy digital voltmeter
HADVM
electronic device for precise measurement of the DC voltages used for stimulation of external
parametric inputs
3.4
current measurement adapter
CMA1
electrical device for the convenient measurement of DC current consumption of a pre-amplifier,
supplied by an AE signal processor
3.5
50 Ω terminator
coaxial plug (BNC style) with an internal 50 Ω resistor from inner wire to shield
3.6
high impedance
HiZ
reverse of “terminated by 50 Ω”
3.7
DC-blocker
BNC male to BNC female connector piece with a capacitor, 10 µF/50 V, non-polarized, between the
inner wires of both connectors, feeding an ac signal through but blocking DC to prevent DC-current into
an AFG or a 50 Ω terminator
3.8
designations for variables, constants, setpoints and acceptance criteria
Note 1 to entry: This document uses about 30 basic designation codes each identifying an item (or item-group)
under verification. Designation-extensions for setpoints and acceptance criteria, increase the number of
designations used to about 200. This section defines three structural elements that keep this large number of
designations self-explanatory and easy to handle, the designation code, a setpoint-related extension, and an
acceptance criteria extension.
3.8.1
distinction of designations from text
distinction in which normal text is reproduced in standard font (e.g. Cambria 11 Pt.), in which
designations are reproduced in bold italic font of style Times New Roman 11 Pt. in case it indicates a
VARIABLE and in non-italic font of same style in case it indicates a CONSTANT, and in which, for
optimized legibility, superscripts and subscripts are avoided in most cases
3.8.2
item under verification
IUV
general term and place holder for any designation code defined hereafter
3.8.3
designation code
abbreviation of an item under verification, consisting of one or two characters (sometimes more in
order to identify further information) and optionally the number of a test pattern or the character “s” as
place holder for the number of a test pattern
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EXAMPLE 1 Rs identifies the measured risetime of pattern s, see 7.6.4.
EXAMPLE 2 EA1 identifies the measured energy value of the first test pattern of the amplitude dependent
energy verification, see 7.6.6.1.
EXAMPLE 3 BGRMS identifies a measurement of RMS background noise, see 7.3.1, Formula (19).
3.8.4
setpoint related extensions of a designation code
3.8.4.1
’N
extension which, at the end of a code, identifies a nominal value of an IUV, defined by the manufacturer,
the procedure, or calculated by a formula
EXAMPLE 1 A1’N defines the first nominal maximum amplitude setpoint of a series, in the unit dBAE, to be
stimulated, measured and verified against well-defined acceptance criteria, see 7.6.2.
EXAMPLE 2 EAs’N defines a series of nominal signal energies, in energy units, calculated by using a given
formula, to be stimulated, measured and verified against well-defined acceptance criteria, see 7.6.6.1.
3.8.4.2
‘S
extension which, at the end of a code, identifies an AE system setpoint
EXAMPLE 1 ATH1’S defines the threshold setpoint for the verification of A1’N, in the unit as required by the AE
system, usually the same as of A1’N.
EXAMPLE 2 BPN’S defines a narrow-banded band-pass to be used in the AE signal processor, for
measurements as defined in the procedure.
3.8.4.3
’T
extension which, at the end of a code, defines a test signal setpoint
EXAMPLE 1 AAH1’T defines the setpoint for the test signal amplitude in HiZ condition of the output of the
arbitrary function generator AFG, for a signal to be used as stimulation of A1’N, in the unit required by the AFG,
usually in mV .
PP
2
EXAMPLE 2 S2-Sw’T defines the setpoint for the AFG to generate a sin -modulated sine-wave burst.
3.8.5
acceptance related extensions of a designation code
3.8.5.1
.MA
extension which, at the end of a code, defines the acceptable deviation of a measured value compared
with the nominal value, specified in dB, by the manufacturer, see 7.6.2.1
3.8.5.2
.MP
extension which, at the end of a code, defines the acceptable deviation of a measured value compared
with the nominal value, specified in %, by the manufacturer, see 8.1.2
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3.8.5.3
.MB
extension which, at the end of a code, defines an additional acceptable deviation component, specified
as a percentage of an absolute measurement range, or directly in µV, by the manufacturer, usually
extending .MA or .MP, see 7.6.2.1 or 8.1.2
3.8.5.4
.U
extension which, at the end of a code, defines an upper acceptance limit, either derived by a formula
from .MA, .MP and/or .MB, or directly specified by the manufacturer
EXAMPLE 1 As.U defines the upper acceptance limit for the deviation of an amplitude measurement in dB
AE
from a nominal amplitude value, e.g. A1’N, see 7.6.2.
EXAMPLE 2 BGIWP.U defines an upper limit for the internally generated system noise in µVP, specified by the
manufacturer, see 7.2.
3.8.5.5
.L
extension which, at the end of a code, defines a lower acceptance limit, either derived by a formula from
.MA, MP and/or .MB, or directly specified by the manufacturer, see 6.3.5
3.8.5.6
.DP
deviation percentage, i.e. absolute ratio of a measurement deviation to the acceptable deviation,
expressed in %
Note 1 to entry: The acceptance criterion is met if .DP of IUP is lower or equal 100 %. This allows to very simply
see whether an acceptance criterion is met and how near the acceptance limit is, by looking at this quantity only.
3.8.5.7
.D0
default nominal value or typical value of a measurement, which can be provided by the manufacturer,
otherwise by this document, and which is used to calculate the allowed deviation, if a precise nominal
value (’N) is not defined
EXAMPLE 1 Shield crosstalk SC. Assume SC.U is specified to −80 dB. The lower physical measurement limit for
SC is at about −150 dB. This document uses on default SC.D0 = −150. A measured value of −150 dB delivers then
SC.DP = 0 %, a measured value of −80 dB, SC.DP = 100 %, see Subclause 5.3.3.
EXAMPLE 2 System noise BGIWP.U. Assume BGIWP.U = 20 µVP, BGIWP.D0 = 0, and a realistic typical
measurement value of BGIWP begins at 10 µVP. Then, BGIWP = 10 µVP leads to BGIWP.DP = 50 %, and 20 µVP to
100 %. If the manufacturer defines BGIWP.D0 = 10, then BGIWP = 10 µVP leads to BGIWP.DP = 0 %, 20 µVP to
100 %: This parameter allows the manufacturer to adjust a range of .DP-result according to physical conditions,
see 7.2.
4 Required test equipment
4.1 List of required equipment
The following minimum test equipment is required:
a) Test block;
b) Shielding test plate;
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c) Hsu-Nielsen source, for sensor sensitivity verification;
d) Multimeter for DC voltage and DC current measurement during pre-amplifier verification;
e) Test signal generator, an arbitrary function generator (AFG) with the capability to deliver loadable
arbitrary signals, sine-waves, rectangle waves, pulses, and DC for manual or automated verification
of external parametric inputs. The output socket shall be isolated from protective earth, which is
the usual case with standard AFGs. Key specifications for accuracy: AC amplitude: ± 1 %
setting ± 1 mVPP at 1 kHz, frequency: 0,01 % setting, DC-offset: ± 1 % setting ± 2 mV;
f) High-accuracy digital voltmeter (HADVM) to measure the DC test signal from AFG in sufficient
accuracy for the verification of the external parametric inputs. Key specifications for accuracy:
DC voltage ± 0,0035 % reading ± 100 µV;
g) Variable attenuator, graduated in decibels, matching 50 Ω impedance on input and
output; ± 0,15 dB;
h) DC-power-supply, for pre-amplifier supply, with a proper circuit to decouple and terminate the AE
signal, if power is fed in over the signal wire. Can be substituted by a verified AE signal processor,
see also k) and n);
i) RMS voltmeter, with known or settable time constant or time window. Can be substituted by a
verified AE signal processor and appropriate software; Key specification: AC accuracy 20 kHz to
1 MHz: 0,2 dB;
j) Dual-channel storage oscilloscope, for detecting any artefact or non-plausibility in various setups;
k) Current measurement adapter (CMA1), if h) is substituted by a verified AE signal processor.
Resistor accuracy: 1 %;
l) DC-blocker;
m) 50 Ω BNC terminator
n) Verified AE signal processor (two units), can be substituted by h) and i).
All electric/electronic test items shall be subject to the quality management system.
4.2 Test signal waveforms
4.2.1 Continuous sine-wave
This type of test signal shall be used to verify the frequency response and gain of the pre-amplifier and
the continuous signal level accuracy of the AE signal processor.
4.2.2 Triangular-modulated sine-wave
This type of wave simulates an AE burst signal, see Figure 1. It is defined by the following parameters:
a) A amplitude;
b) R rise-time;
c) D duration;
d) f carrier frequency.
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a) Time domain b) Frequency domain (FFT)
Key
1 amplitude in mV
2 time in µs
3 amplitude in dB
4 frequency in kHz
Figure 1 — Triangular-modulated sine-wave
The measured rise time may be shorter than the visible rise time of the test signal because rise time
measurement starts at the time of the first threshold crossing. Table 1 shows the theoretical
dependency of this threshold crossing delay on the difference between maximum amplitude and
threshold setpoint in an AE channel. In practice, the used band-pass filter may further modify the exact
value of the threshold crossing delay. The amplitude scaling of the FFT in dB refers to 1 µV , (0 dB ),
peak AE
if the input is a continuous sine-wave.
2
4.2.3 Sin -modulated sine-wave
2
A sin -modulated signal (see Figure 2) can be used as an alternative to a triangular modulated sine-
wave. Due to its smooth begin, maximum and end, its spectrum is very pure and the influence of filter
overshoot and filter ring-down behaviour is reduced. This signal can be used to obtain the frequency
response of the band-pass of a pre-amplifier or AE signal processor by burst maximum-amplitude
measurement.
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a) Time domain b) Frequency domain (FFT)
Key
1 amplitude in mV
2 time in µs
3 amplitude in dB
4 frequency in kHz
2
Figure 2 — Sin -modulated sine-wave
The signal shown in Figure 2 corresponds to the following formulae:
2
U[N] = UP × sin(N × 2 × π / SpSW) × sin (N × π / (Sp
...
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