oSIST prEN 14620-4:2023

Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C - Part 4: Insulation components

This document specifies the requirements for materials, design and installation of the insulation of refrigerated liquefied gas (RLG) storage tank systems.
RLG storage tank systems store liquefied gas with a low boiling point, i.e. below normal ambient temperature.
The concept of storing such products in liquid form and in non-pressurized tanks therefore depends on the combination of latent heat of vaporization and thermal insulation.
Consequently, thermal insulation for RLG storage tank systems is not an ancillary part of the containment system (as for most ambient atmospheric hydrocarbon tanks) but it is an essential component and the storage tank system cannot operate without a properly designed, installed and maintained insulation system.
The main functions of the insulation in RLG storage tank systems are:
-   to maintain the boil off at or below the specified limits;
-   to protect the outer tank components by maintaining them at or above their minimum design temperature;
-   to prevent damage by frost heave of the foundation/soil beneath the tank base slab (in combination with the slab heating system for tanks resting at grade);
-   to minimize condensation and icing on the outer surfaces of the tank.
A wide range of insulation materials is available. However, the material properties differ greatly amongst the various generically different materials and also within the same generic group of materials.
Therefore, within the scope of this document, only general guidance on selection of materials is given.
NOTE   For general guidance on selection of materials, see Annex A.
This document deals with the design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C.

Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter, stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-Tanksystemen für die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 0 °C und -165 °C - Teil 4: Dämmung

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an Werkstoffe, Auslegung und Einbau der Dämmung für Tanksysteme zur Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen (RLG, en: refrigerated liquefied gas) fest.
In RLG-Tanksystemen wird verflüssigtes Gas mit niedrigem Siedepunkt gelagert, d. h. mit einem Siedepunkt, der unter der üblichen Umgebungstemperatur liegt.
Das Konzept zur Lagerung von flüssigem Lagergut in nicht unter Druck stehenden Tanks hängt daher von einer geeigneten Kombination der latenten Verdampfungswärme und der Wärmedämmung ab.
Folglich ist die Wärmedämmung für RLG-Lagertanksysteme kein untergeordneter Bestandteil des von der/den Sicherheitshülle(n) gebildeten Systems (wie bei den unter Umgebungsbedingungen betriebenen Kohlenwasserstofftanks), sondern eine sehr wichtige Komponente, weil das Lagertanksystem nur betrieben werden kann, wenn das Dämmsystem vorschriftsmäßig ausgelegt, eingebaut und unterhalten wird.
Die wichtigsten Funktionen der Dämmung in RLG-Lagertanksystemen sind:
-   Beibehaltung eines auf oder unterhalb der festgelegten Grenzwerte liegenden Siedepunktes;
-   Schutz der Bauteile des Außentanks, indem sie auf oder über ihrer niedrigsten Auslegungstemperatur gehalten werden;
-   Verhinderung von Schäden durch Frosthub der Gründung/des Erdreichs unter der Tankgrundplatte (in Kombination mit dem Plattenheizsystem für Tanks, die ebenerdig aufgestellt sind);
-   Minimierung von Kondensation und Eisbildung an den Außenflächen des Tanks.
Es gibt eine große Bandbreite von Dämmstoffen. Die Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe, die sowohl unterschiedlichen als auch gleichen Werkstoffgruppen zuzuordnen sind, unterscheiden sich jedoch beträchtlich.
Daher wird im Rahmen dieses Dokuments nur eine allgemeine Anleitung zur Werkstoffauswahl gegeben.
ANMERKUNG   Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die Werkstoffauswahl sind in Anhang A aufgeführt.
Dieses Dokument behandelt die Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter, stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-Tanksysteme für die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei einer Betriebstemperatur zwischen 0 °C und −196 °C.

Conception et fabrication de réservoirs à fond plat, verticaux, cylindriques, construits sur site, destinés au stockage des gaz réfrigérés, liquéfiés, dont les températures de service sont comprises entre 0 °C et -196 °C - Partie 4: Constituants isolants

Le présent document spécifie les exigences pour les matériaux, la conception et l'installation du système d'isolation des réservoirs destinés au stockage des gaz liquéfiés réfrigérés (GLR).
Les réservoirs de stockage des GLR assurent le stockage de gaz liquéfiés à bas point d'ébullition, à savoir au-dessous de la température ambiante normale.
Le concept de stockage de tels produits en phase liquide et dans des réservoirs non pressurisés dépend alors de la combinaison entre la chaleur latente d'évaporation et l'isolation thermique.
Par conséquent, l'isolation thermique des réservoirs de stockage de GLR ne constitue pas un élément auxiliaire du système de confinement (comme c'est le cas pour la plupart des réservoirs de stockage d'hydrocarbures en air ambiant) mais en est un constituant essentiel ; le réservoir de stockage ne peut pas fonctionner sans un système d'isolation correctement conçu, installé et entretenu.
Les principales fonctions de l'isolation dans les réservoirs de stockage de GLR sont les suivantes :
-   maintenir l'évaporation à un niveau égal ou inférieur aux limites spécifiées ;
-   protéger les constituants du réservoir externe en les maintenant à une valeur égale ou supérieure à leur température minimale de conception ;
-   prévenir les dommages consécutifs au soulèvement par le gel de la fondation/du sol sous la dalle de fondation du réservoir (en combinaison avec le système de réchauffage de la dalle pour les réservoirs sur sol) ;
-   réduire le plus possible la condensation et la formation de givre sur les surfaces externes du réservoir.
Il existe une large gamme de matériaux isolants. Toutefois, les propriétés des matériaux diffèrent considérablement parmi la variété de différents matériaux génériques, voire également au sein d'un même groupe générique de matériaux.
Par conséquent, dans le cadre du domaine d'application de la présente Norme européenne, seules des indications d'ordre général sont données sur le choix des matériaux.
NOTE   Pour obtenir des indications d'ordre général sur le choix des matériaux, voir l'Annexe A.
Le présent document traite de la conception et de la fabrication de réservoirs cylindriques fond plat, verticaux, construits sur site, destinés au stockage des gaz réfrigérés, liquéfiés, dont les températures de service sont comprises entre 0 °C et -196 °C.

Konstruiranje in proizvodnja na mestu postavitve grajenih pokončnih, valjastih posod z ravnim dnom za shranjevanje hlajenih utekočinjenih plinov z delovnimi temperaturami med 0 °C in –196 °C - 4. del: Izolacijski deli

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 02-May-2023
• ICS: 23.020.10 - Stationary containers and tanks
• Technical Committee: TLP - Pressure vessels
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 27-Jan-2023
• Due Date: 16-Jun-2023
• Completion Date: 09-May-2023
• Ref Project: prEN 14620-4 - Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C - Part 4: Insulation components

Relations

• Revises: SIST EN 14620-4:2007 - Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -165 °C - Part 4: Insulation components
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14620-4:2023
01-april-2023
Konstruiranje in proizvodnja na mestu postavitve grajenih pokončnih, valjastih
posod z ravnim dnom za shranjevanje hlajenih utekočinjenih plinov z delovnimi
temperaturami med 0 °C in –196 °C - 4. del: Izolacijski deli
Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems for
the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C
and -196 °C - Part 4: Insulation components
Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter, stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-
Tanksystemen für die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei
Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 0 °C und -165 °C - Teil 4: Dämmung
Conception et fabrication de réservoirs à fond plat, verticaux, cylindriques, construits sur
site, destinés au stockage des gaz réfrigérés, liquéfiés, dont les températures de service
sont comprises entre 0 °C et -196 °C - Partie 4: Constituants isolants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14620-4
ICS:
23.020.10 Nepremične posode in Stationary containers and
rezervoarji tanks
oSIST prEN 14620-4:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14620-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

February 2023
ICS 23.020.10 Will supersede EN 14620-4:2006
English Version

Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical,
flat-bottomed tank systems for the storage of refrigerated,
liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C
and -196 °C - Part 4: Insulation components
Conception et fabrication de réservoirs à fond plat, Auslegung und Herstellung standortgefertigter,
verticaux, cylindriques, construits sur site, destinés au stehender, zylindrischer Flachboden-Tanksystemen für
stockage des gaz réfrigérés, liquéfiés, dont les die Lagerung von tiefkalt verflüssigten Gasen bei
températures de service sont comprises entre 0 °C et - Betriebstemperaturen zwischen 0 °C und -165 °C - Teil
196 °C - Partie 4: Constituants isolants 4: Dämmung
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 265.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14620-4:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Design requirements, performance characteristics, testing and selection of insulating
materials . 7
4.1 General. 7
4.2 Analysis of design requirements . 7
4.2.1 General. 7
4.2.2 Thermal resistance . 7
4.2.3 Structural and tightness requirements . 8
4.2.4 Specific design requirements . 8
4.2.5 Ageing and deterioration . 8
4.3 Assessment of the performance characteristics . 8
4.3.1 General. 8
4.3.2 Thermal resistance . 8
4.3.3 Mechanical properties . 9
4.3.4 Temperature resistance . 9
4.3.5 Resistance to water and water vapour . 9
4.3.6 Influences of stored product . 9
4.3.7 Chemical properties . 10
4.3.8 Fire behaviour . 11
4.4 Testing of materials and systems . 11
4.4.1 General. 11
4.4.2 Test methods . 12
5 Protection of insulation – vapour barrier . 12
5.1 General. 12
5.2 Protective structure formed by the outer tank . 12
5.3 Protective cover for external insulation . 13
6 Design of insulation system . 13
6.1 General. 13
6.2 Thermal design . 14
6.3 Structural design . 14
6.3.1 General. 14
6.3.2 Load bearing insulation/compressive action . 14
6.3.3 Load bearing insulation/other actions . 16
6.4 Insulation for each tank component . 16
6.4.1 General. 16
6.4.2 Supporting ring beam . 16
6.4.3 Bottom insulation . 17
6.4.4 Shell insulation (external) . 18
6.4.5 Shell/wall insulation (internal) . 18
6.4.6 Roof insulation (external) . 20
6.4.7 Roof insulation on suspended roof . 20
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6.4.8 Insulation for penetrations and internal piping . 21
6.5 Design for different types of containment . 23
7 Installation . 23
7.1 Introduction . 23
7.2 General requirements . 23
7.2.1 Materials . 23
7.2.2 Conditions of work on site . 23
7.2.3 Anti-corrosive protection . 23
7.2.4 Construction tolerances . 23
7.2.5 Prevention of damage . 24
7.3 Inspection and testing . 24
Annex A (informative) Insulation materials . 25
Annex B (normative) Test methods . 28
Annex C (informative) Recommendations for qualification compressive strength testing of tank
insulation system made of brittle material . 30
Annex D (informative) Non-metallic Liquid barrier of the Thermal Protection System . 31
D.1 General . 31
D.2 Performance requirements . 31
D.3 Materials . 32
D.4 Model Testing . 32
D.5 Installation . 32
D.6 Examination and tests . 32
Bibliography . 34

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European foreword
This document (prEN 14620-4:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 265 “Site built
metallic tanks for the storage of liquids”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document will supersede EN 14620-4:2006.
In comparison with EN 14620-4:2006, the following changes have been made:
— General editorial update;
— Normative reference updated;
— Recent insulating materials European standards introduced and Annex B updated;
— Aspects related to insulating materials fire behaviour developed and clarified;
— Brittle material compressive behaviour clarified with the use of interleaving material;
— Requirements for Insulation for penetrations and internal piping introduced;
— New annex added about the recommendations for qualification compressive strength testing of tank
insulation system made of brittle material;
— New annex for non-metallic TPS added;
— Annex about limit state theory for tank bottom insulation removed.
EN 14620 Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank system for the
storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C and -196 °C consists of
the following parts:
— Part 1: General;
— Part 2: Metallic components;
— Part 3: Concrete components;
— Part 4: Insulation components;
— Part 5: Testing, drying, purging and cool-down;
— Part 6: Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of liquefied
oxygen (LOX), liquefied nitrogen (LIN) and liquefied argon (LAR);
— Part 7: Specific requirements for the design and construction of tank systems for the storage of liquefied
anhydrous ammonia.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for materials, design and installation of the insulation of
refrigerated liquefied gas (RLG) storage tank systems.
RLG storage tank systems store liquefied gas with a low boiling point, i.e. below normal ambient
temperature.
The concept of storing such products in liquid form and in non-pressurized tanks therefore depends on
the combination of latent heat of vaporization and thermal insulation.
Consequently, thermal insulation for RLG storage tank systems is not an ancillary part of the containment
system (as for most ambient atmospheric hydrocarbon tanks) but it is an essential component and the
storage tank system cannot operate without a properly designed, installed and maintained insulation
system.
The main functions of the insulation in RLG storage tank systems are:
— to maintain the boil off at or below the specified limits;
— to protect the outer tank components by maintaining them at or above their minimum design
temperature;
— to prevent damage by frost heave of the foundation/soil beneath the tank base slab (in combination
with the slab heating system for tanks resting at grade);
— to minimize condensation and icing on the outer surfaces of the tank.
A wide range of insulation materials is available. However, the material properties differ greatly amongst
the various generically different materials and also within the same generic group of materials.
Therefore, within the scope of this document, only general guidance on selection of materials is given.
NOTE For general guidance on selection of materials, see Annex A.
This document deals with the design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed
tank systems for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0 °C
and -196 °C.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests - Part 1: general requirements
EN 1363-2, Fire resistance tests - Part 2: Alternative and additional procedures
EN 1606, Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of compressive creep
EN 1993-1-2, Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-2: General rules - Structural fire design
EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: classification using
data from reaction to fire tests
EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 2: Classification using
data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services
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EN 13381-4, Test methods for determining the contribution to the fire resistance of structural members -
Part 4: Applied passive protection to steel members
EN 14303, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory made
mineral wool (MW) products - Specification
EN 14305:2015, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory
made cellular glass (CG) products - Specification
EN 14307, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory made
extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) products - Specification
EN 14308, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory made
rigid polyurethane foam (PUR) and polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) products - Specification
EN 14309, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory made
products of expanded polystyrene (EPS) - Specification
EN 14314, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - Factory made
phenolic foam (PF) products - Specification
prEN 14620-1:2022, Design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed tank systems
for the storage of refrigerated, liquefied gases with operating temperatures between 0°C and - 196 °C - Part
1: General
EN 15599-1, Thermal insulation products for building equipment and industrial installations - In-situ
thermal insulation formed from expanded perlite (EP) products - Part 1: Specification for bonded and loose-
fill products before installation
EN ISO 1182, Reaction to fire tests for products - Non-combustibility test (ISO 1182)
EN ISO 1716, Reaction to fire tests for products - Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific
value) (ISO 1716)
EN ISO 12624, Thermal insulating products for building equipment and industrial installations -
Determination of trace quantities of water-soluble chloride, fluoride, silicate, sodium ions and pH (ISO
12624)
EN ISO 16535, Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of long-term water
absorption by immersion (ISO 16535)
EN ISO 29469:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of compression
behaviour (ISO 29469:2022)
ISO 3951-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by variables - Part 1: Specification for single sampling plans
indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection for a single quality characteristic and a
single AQL
ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 14620-1:2022 apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Design requirements, performance characteristics, testing and selection of
insulating materials
4.1 General
The selection of the appropriate insulation system and materials shall be based on the following:
— analysis of design requirements (see 4.2);
— assessment of the performance characteristics of the materials (see 4.3).
Information on common material selection may be found in Annex A.
Selected material shall comply with the relevant European Standards as follows (non exhaustive list):
— Expanded Perlite: EN 15599-1;
— Mineral Wool: EN 14303;
— Cellular Glass: EN 14305:2015;
— Extruded Polystyrene: EN 14307;
— Rigid Polyurethane (PUR) and Polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam: EN 14308;
— Expanded Polystyrene: EN 14309;
— Phenolic foam: EN 14314.
Other insulating materials can be used providing they meet design requirements and performance
characteristics specified in this document.
For the specific application of this document, refer also to 4.3 and Annex B for the assessment of
performance characteristics.
4.2 Analysis of design requirements
4.2.1 General
The thermal insulation system as a whole, and each component of it separately, shall be designed taking
into account the following design requirements.
4.2.2 Thermal resistance
4.2.2.1 Normal operation of the tank
All factors contributing to heat in-leak through the insulation system shall be considered, such as:
— product temperature;
— external ambient temperature and other climatic conditions (solar radiation, wind velocity,
humidity, etc.);
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— thermal conductivity, including effects of ageing and exposure;
— thermal convection;
— heat in-leak through radiation;
— heat in-leak through cold bridges (including but not limited to nozzles, TPS, anchors, deck rods, etc).
4.2.2.2 Accidental conditions
Each insulation component shall provide appropriate thermal resistance for all specified accidental
conditions. The thermal performance shall be retained for the duration of and following the accidental
condition.
4.2.3 Structural and tightness requirements
The insulation system shall be designed to resist all applicable static and dynamic actions for both normal
and accidental conditions, unless the insulation is not intended to provide the structural resistance.
The insulation system shall provide liquid tightness and vapour tightness, if specified.
4.2.4 Specific design requirements
In addition to the above thermal and structural requirements, the tank insulation design shall fulfil all the
specific design requirements that are inherent with the selected specific insulation system, material,
installation method and type of containment. These shall be specified on a case-by-case basis.
4.2.5 Ageing and deterioration
The insulation shall be resistant to deterioration from environmental conditions, ageing and product
exposure:
— There shall be no reduction in insulation thermal or mechanical performance due to ageing and no
deterioration from the exposure to substances insulation may be in contact during its lifetime.
— Ageing and deterioration shall not affect performance of the insulation support and attachment
systems.
— If such deterioration is possible, it shall be accounted in the insulation design.
4.3 Assessment of the performance characteristics
4.3.1 General
Based on the design requirements, the required performance characteristics of the insulation materials
in the operating temperature range shall be determined. As a minimum, the subjects described in 4.3.2
to 4.3.8 shall be considered.
4.3.2 Thermal resistance
The following shall be considered:
a) thermal conductivity:
1) over the required temperature range;
2) in the intended environment, external and internal (product vapour space, purged space, contact
with liquid product);
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3) taking into account ageing effects over the tank design lifetime;
b) possible heat in-leak through radiation;
c) possible heat in-leak through convection (permeability of the insulation material and of the complete
insulation system). Where insulation of a tank wall consists solely of glass fibre or mineral wool
insulation, thermal design shall account for enhancement of convective heat transfer due to the air
gas permeability of the insulation;
d) heat in-leak through cold bridges.
4.3.3 Mechanical properties
The following shall be considered:
— compressive properties both at short- and at long-term (creep);
— tensile and shear properties for insulation on which lateral forces may act (e.g. earthquake);
NOTE Tensile properties can also be required for assessment of thermo-mechanical loads and thermal
stresses.
— adhesive strength for insulation systems, which are installed by adhesion.
4.3.4 Temperature resistance
The insulation shall withstand the temperatures (maximum and minimum service temperatures) and
temperature variations to which it may be exposed. Therefore, shrinkage, expansion and possible
cracking effects shall be determined, taking into account:
— coefficient of thermal expansion, contraction;
— tensile strength, tensile modulus in the designed temperature ranges.
4.3.5 Resistance to water and water vapour
To assess the possible negative effects of water and water vapour on the insulation, the following
characteristics shall be considered:
— closed cell content;
— permeability for water vapour;
— water absorption.
In addition, the consequential effects of water and water vapour penetration shall be assessed:
— reduction of thermal resistance;
— possible structural damage to the insulation by liquid water or by the process of freezing (possibly
freeze/thaw cycles).
4.3.6 Influences of stored product
The following characteristics shall be assessed:
— closed cell content (as indication of open/closed cellular structure);
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— absorption of product vapours and effect on other material properties (thermal conductivity,
mechanical properties, fire resistance);
— absorption of/and permeability for liquid product;
— effects of long term liquid absorption on other material properties;
— desorption behaviour: time/percentage.
NOTE The influence of the stored product on an internal insulation system is critical, as it is often continuously
in contact with product vapours and it can come in direct contact with the liquid product in case of an accidental
leakage.
For testing of material behaviour in presence of product, see Table B.1.
4.3.7 Chemical properties
An assessment shall be made of the compatibility between and/or possible chemical reactions of:
a) insulation system, including all its constituents:
1) insulation materials;
2) ancillary products (paints, adhesives, mastics, sealants, coatings etc.);
3) its protective layer (cladding and fastening);
b) its environment:
1) for external insulation: ambient condit
...