kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021

Space product assurance - Components reliability data sources and their use

This handbook identifies data sources and respective methods that can be used for reliability prediction of components. It proposes suitable data sources and an application matrix for component families.

Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Datenquellen zur Bauteilezuverlässigkeit und ihre Anwendung

Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Sources de données de fiabilité composants et leur utilisation

Zagotavljanje kakovosti proizvodov v vesoljski tehniki - Viri podatkov o zanesljivosti komponent in njihova uporaba

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 20-Oct-2021
• ICS: 03.120.99 - Other standards related to quality
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: I13 - Imaginarni 13
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 08-Dec-2021
• Due Date: 12-Feb-2022
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: CEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021 - Space product assurance - Components reliability data sources and their use

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021
01-oktober-2021
Zagotavljanje kakovosti proizvodov v vesoljski tehniki - Viri podatkov o
zanesljivosti komponent in njihova uporaba
Space product assurance - Components reliability data sources and their use
Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Datenquellen zur Bauteilezuverlässigkeit und ihre
Anwendung

Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Sources de données de fiabilité composants et

leur utilisation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08
ICS:
03.120.99 Drugi standardi v zvezi s Other standards related to
kakovostjo quality
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021
TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL DRAFT
FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
July 2021
ICS 49.140
English version
Space product assurance - Components reliability data
sources and their use

Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Sources de Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Datenquellen zur

données de fiabilité composants et leur utilisation Bauteilezuverlässigkeit und ihre Anwendung

This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/CLC/JTC 5.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,

Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,

Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2021 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021 E

reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
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Table of contents

European Foreword .......................................................................................... 4

1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 5

2 References ..................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ................................................... 7

3.1 Terms from other documents ........................................................................... 7

3.2 Abbreviated terms............................................................................................ 7

4 Selection of reliability data and methods .................................................... 8

4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Selection process ............................................................................................ 8

4.3 Description of data ......................................................................................... 11

4.3.1 Handbook reliability data .................................................................. 11

4.3.2 Manufacturer or user data ................................................................ 11

4.4 Selection criteria for input sources ................................................................. 11

4.4.1 Reliability handbooks ....................................................................... 11

4.4.2 Manufacturer or user data ................................................................ 12

4.5 Justification for choice ................................................................................... 14

4.6 Instructions for use ........................................................................................ 15

4.6.1 Reliability handbooks ....................................................................... 15

4.6.2 Manufacturer or user data ................................................................ 15

4.7 Considerations for reliability prediction for mechanical parts .......................... 16

4.7.1 General ............................................................................................ 16

4.7.2 Part failure data analysis .................................................................. 17

4.7.3 Empirical reliability relationships ....................................................... 17

4.7.4 Analysis of the stress-strength ......................................................... 17

4.7.5 Handbook data ................................................................................. 18

4.8 Documentation .............................................................................................. 18

Annex A Potential data sources .................................................................... 19

A.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 19

A.2 EEE parts ...................................................................................................... 19

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A.2.1 AT&T reliability manual .................................................................... 19

A.2.2 FIDES (UTE C 80-811) .................................................................... 19

A.2.3 HRD5 ............................................................................................... 19

A.2.4 IEEE Gold Book ............................................................................... 20

A.2.5 IRPH ................................................................................................ 20

A.2.6 MIL-HDBK-217 ................................................................................. 20

A.2.7 PRISM (RAC / EPRD) ...................................................................... 20

A.2.8 RDF 2000 (UTE C 80-810, IEC-62380-TR Edition 1) ....................... 20

A.2.9 Siemens SN29500 ........................................................................... 21

A.2.10 Telcordia SR-332 ............................................................................. 21

A.3 Mechanical parts ........................................................................................... 21

A.3.1 NPRD-95 ......................................................................................... 21

A.3.2 NSWC-94/L07 - Handbook of Reliability Prediction Procedures for

Mechanical Equipment ..................................................................... 22

Annex B Applicability and limitations of MIL-HDBK-217F .......................... 23

B.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 23

B.2 EEE families applicability matrix .................................................................... 23

B.3 EEE packages applicability matrix (based on paragraph 5.6 MIL-HDBK-217) 26

B.4 EEE part equivalent quality grades ................................................................ 26

Annex C Justification ..................................................................................... 28

Bibliography .................................................................................................... 30

Figures

Figure 4-1: Boundaries of ECSS-Q-HB-30-08 (inputs and outputs) ............................... 8

Figure 4-2: Selection process ........................................................................................ 9

Figure 4-3: Decision logic ............................................................................................ 10

Figure 4-4: Selection of manufacturer or user data ...................................................... 13

Tables

Table 4-1: Reliability handbook selection criteria ......................................................... 12

Table 4-2: Percentiles of the χ² Distribution at 60 % and 90 % confidence for n<30 .... 16

Table B-1 : EEE families applicability matrix for MIL-HDBK-217 .................................. 24

Table B-2 : EEE package applicability ......................................................................... 26

Table B-3 : Designation of EEE part quality grades ..................................................... 27

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European Foreword

This document (FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee

CEN/CLC/JTC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

It is highlighted that this technical report does not contain any requirement but only collection of data

or descriptions and guidelines about how to organize and perform the work in support of EN 16602-30.

This Technical report (FprCEN/TR 17602-30-08:2021) originates from ECSS-Q-HB-30-08A.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such

patent rights.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and

the European Free Trade Association.

This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has therefore precedence

over any TR covering the same scope but with a wider domain of applicability (e.g.: aerospace).

This document is currently submitted to the CEN CONSULTATION.
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Scope

This handbook identifies data sources and respective methods that can be used for reliability prediction

of components. It proposes suitable data sources and an application matrix for component families.

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References
EN Reference Reference in text Title
EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS - Glossary of terms
EN 16602-30 ECSS-Q-ST-30 Space product assurance - Dependability
EN 16602-40 ECSS-Q-ST-40 Space product assurance - Safety
EN 16602-60 ECSS-Q-ST-60 Space product assurance - Electrical, electronic and
electromechanical (EEE) components
IEC 60050-191 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter
191: Dependability and quality of service
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Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms from other documents

For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 and IEC 60050-191

apply.
3.2 Abbreviated terms

For the purpose of this document, the abbreviated terms from ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply.

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Selection of reliability data and methods
4.1 Introduction

This handbook can be used whenever EEE and mechanical components reliability data or failure rates

are needed to perform quantitative dependability or safety analyses in accordance with ECSS-Q-ST-30

or ECSS-Q-ST-40.

The boundaries of this process are shown in Figure 4-1. Inputs are project requirements, handbook data

and manufacturer or user data. The selection process should consider selection criteria and methods of

use of data. Outputs are usually included in equipment reliability assessments. Selection is supported

by suitable justification.
Project
Requirements
Selection
Criteria
Equipment
Reliability
Assessment
Handbook
Methods for use of
Data and Selection Process
data
Methods
Justification
ECSS-Q-HB-30-08 Perimiter Outputs
Manufacturer/
User Data
Figure 4-1: Boundaries of ECSS-Q-HB-30-08 (inputs and outputs)
4.2 Selection process

The selection of a suitable methodology is made according to Figure 4-2. Where the customer requires

that a reliability prediction be computed according to a particular methodology, contractual

requirements are applicable.

The term “methodology” includes the process, data and equations as defined in a particular handbook

or prediction system.
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D o e s th e m e th o d o lo g y
D o e s c u s to m e r re q u ire a n y U s e th e re q u ire d
Y e s a d e q u a te ly a d d re s s th e Y e s
p a rtic u la r m e th o d o lo g y ? m e th o d o lo g y
c o m p o n e n t?
U s e th is d o c u m e n t to s e le c t
U s e th e s e le c te d
No b e tw e e n a p a rtic u la r h a n d b o o k o r
m e th o d o lo g y
m a n u fa c tu rin g d a ta
Figure 4-2: Selection process

In the case where there is no prescribed methodology, this handbook should be applied and a suitable

methodology should be selected.

In the case where the prescribed methodology does not adequately address the component under

consideration, this handbook should be applied and a suitable methodology should be selected.

In order to perform any reliability predictions, reliability data is needed as an input, and a suitable

methodology needs to be applied.

Figure 3 shows the decision logic that should be applied when selecting data sources. Data should be

obtained from the following sources, in order of preference:
 Handbook data
 Manufacturer or user data.
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S ta rt
C o lle c t d a ta o n
C o lle c t d a ta o n
a p p lic a tio n
c o m p o n e n ts u s e d
e n v iro n m e n t
U s e s c o rin g s y s te m
to e x a m in e
a p p lic a b ility o f
m e th o d o lo g y
Is th e re a n a p p lic a b le
Y e s U s e it
m e th o d o lo g y
U s e m a n u fa c tu re r /
U s e r d a ta
Figure 4-3: Decision logic
A description of data sources is given in clause 4.3.

The choice of a given data source is acceptable if it satisfies the criteria listed in clause 4.4. Data on the

handbook methodology, the components, environment and use should be collected. A suitable

methodology can be selected by using a weighted score ranking scheme, as described in clause 4.4.1.

The rationale for selection is justified according to clause 4.5.
A suitable methodology or instructions for use is described in clause 4.6.

If a handbook is determined to be not suitable for the component, then manufacturer or user data should

be used.
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4.3 Description of data
4.3.1 Handbook reliability data

There are a number of reliability handbooks available; these publish reliability metrics on a large

number of components. Some examples are provided in Annex A. Care should be taken with such data

since it is not always possible to ascertain the actual source of the data. The data can be a mix of field

and test data, and even interpolated or extrapolated data can be present.
4.3.2 Manufacturer or user data
4.3.2.1 Manufacturer data

Manufacturer’s data is that which is supplied by the manufacturer based on tests on a particular

component. Data is normally presented according to the methods laid out in IEC 60319.

4.3.2.2 User data

User data is that which is produced by the company performing the prediction for the sole purpose of

deriving reliability information about components that can be obtained in no other way. Data can be,

for instance, from in house testing, user experience, lessons learned, or expert judgement. This

procedure is most often used for unique component types.
4.4 Selection criteria for input sources
4.4.1 Reliability handbooks

Table 4-1 provides criteria to be considered for the selection of reliability handbooks. The criteria are

listed in order of importance. In order to provide an acceptable evaluation, each of the questions

mentioned should be addressed by the user.

The user should consider the use of a scoring scheme, which is shown in this table. In this example, if a

selection is made between handbooks, then that which has the higher score is considered acceptable. If

there is only one handbook, the scoring may be used to determine the adequacy of the handbook, by

defining a minimum acceptable score.

The scoring factors given in Table 4-1 are an example. A particular company may wish to change these

scoring factors depending upon their experience.
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Table 4-1: Reliability handbook selection criteria
Item Question Scoring factor
Validity 1a) Is the considered technology covered by the GO / NO GO criteria
handbook?
1b) Is information available on the way in which the data 15 for yes
was collected?
0 for no
1c) If yes to 1a and 1b, are data collected and models 10 for yes
implemented according to an international standard
0 for no
or handbook (e.g. IEC)?
Suitability for 2a) Does the handbook cover the space environment? 10 for yes
space
0 for no
2b) Does the handbook consider the parts stress method? 10 for yes
0 for no
2c) Does the handbook address the quality levels of the 10 for yes
components being used?
0 for no
Maintenance of 3a) Has the handbook data been updated in the last 5 10 for yes
data years?
0 for no
3b) Are there any expectations to update the handbook 10 for yes
data in the next 5 years?
0 for no
International 4a) Is the handbook requested by the customer? 10 for yes
recognition
0 for no
4b) Is the handbook recognized by the reliability 5 for yes
community?
0 for no
Usability 5a) Is a commercial software tool available to support the 5 for yes
handbook?
0 for no

Suitability for 6a) Does the handbook provide extrapolation rules (e.g. 5 for yes

new technologies Moore’s law)?
0 for no
Cost Not considered -
Technology includes the component type, technology, family and package

Space environment includes launch vibrations, space vacuum, radiation, and temperature extremes.

In space applications, the component quality is in accordance with ECSS-ST-Q-60, its equivalent, or as

otherwise specified.
Recognition by the reliability community can include, for example:
- It is an international standard or handbook;
- It is a national standard or handbook (e.g. MIL-HDBK-217);

- It is a recognized industrial or other standard or handbook (e.g. Telcordia SR-332);

- It is otherwise recognized by the reliability community.
4.4.2 Manufacturer or user data

Use of manufacturer or user data is considered if data from a reliability handbook is not suitable. Figure

4-4 depicts the selection of manufacturer or user data.
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S e le c t D a ta
S o u rc e

Is M a n u fa c tu re r d a ta a v a ila b le ? No Is u s e r d a ta a v a ila b le ?

Y e s
Y e s
Is d a ta c o lle c te d a s p e r IE C
Is d a ta p re s e n te d a s p e r IE C
60300 -3 -2 a n d a n a ly s e d a s p e r
60319 No
IE C 60300 -3 -5
Y e s Y e s
P e rfo rm v e ry d e ta ile d c h e c k o f
C h e c k d a ta p ro v e n a n c e C h e c k d a ta p ro v e n a n c e
d a ta p ro v e n a n c e
Q u a lity re v ie w Q u a lity re v ie w
T e c h n ic a l re v ie w
D a ta s u ita b le fo r u s e ? No P e rfo rm R is k A s s e s s m e n t
Y e s
U s e D a ta G e n e ra te re lia b ility d a ta
Figure 4-4: Selection of manufacturer or user data
The steps for selection are as follows:
1. Select the data source.

2. If manufacturer data is available, check whether data is presented in accordance with IEC

60319, in which case it can be considered for use.

If the data is not presented in accordance with IEC 60319, then a detailed review of the data

should be performed to ensure the following is available:
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o tests and test conditions applied to the components;
o lot sampling;
o number of lots;
o manufacturing and testing period;
o technological representativity;
o failure analysis.

Once this data is available, assess the effect of any missing data with respect to the expected

list above.

3. If user data is available, check whether data is collected and presented in accordance with

IEC 60300-3-2 and IEC 60300-3-5, in which case it can be considered for use.

If data is not presented in accordance with these standards, then a detailed review of data

should be made, to ensure the following is available:
For field return data the following should be reviewed:
o data collection procedures;
o relevance of failures;
o analysis techniques.
For test data the following should be reviewed:
o tests and test conditions applied to the components;
o lot sampling;
o number of lots;
o manufacturing and testing period;
o technological representativity;
o failure analysis.

Once this data is available, assess the effect of any missing data with respect to the expected

list above.

4. Once these checks have been performed, the analyst can decide on the use of the data.

5. In case suitability is not determined, the above steps are repeated to find an alternative.

6. In case a data source cannot be found, a risk assessment should be performed to determine

the necessity for obtaining further data, e.g. via a reliability test programme, whether to

use expert judgement or whether to accept the fact that data is not available for the

particular component under consideration.
4.5 Justification for choice

In order to ensure that any work performed is technically correct, justification for the choices made

should be presented whilst the work is performed. This allows the argument made for the methodology

followed to be understood at some later time. The justification should be included with the reliability

assessment report (see clause 4.7) and may be used as part of any reliability case argued. Annex C

provides more details of the justification.
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4.6 Instructions for use
4.6.1 Reliability handbooks

The reliability models and methods that are described within the selected reliability handbook should

be used. Modifications to the models or methods should be supported with the rationale in accordance

with clause 4.4.
4.6.2 Manufacturer or user data

The selected manufacturer or user data should be used in accordance with IEC 60300-3-5. Test or

manufacturing data that conforms to this criterion is suitable for failure rate calculation. The failure rate

calculation procedure is described hereafter.
The necessary inputs for failure rate calculation are:
 number and nature of defects, and
 device hours (test duration and number of devices).

The number of devices should be derived using lot sampling procedures in accordance with a

recognized sampling plan such as ISO 2859-0.

The failure rate can be assessed using the χ² (Chi-square) distribution for time truncated and failure

truncated tests.

Given the total number of successful part operating hours (T) and the number of failures (f), the

following equations are used to calculate failure rate (λ) from test data:
2 9
  10
 
For a time truncated test, where n = 2f + 2:
2 9
  10
 
For a failure truncated test, where n = 2f:
where
λ = is the failure rate in 10-9/hour (FIT) at test conditions;

χ² = is the percentile of the χ² distribution at confidence level (failure rates are provided at 60 %

confidence in the commonly used handbooks listed and described in Annex A);
n = is the degree of freedom of the statistics.

The failure rate can be extrapolated to the operating condition by applying the acceleration factor

between test conditions and operating conditions. Information on acceleration factors can be found in

IEC1709 or IEC 721-3-3

Percentiles of the χ² distribution at 60 % and 90% confidence level are given in Table 4-2 for up to 30

degrees of freedom.
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Table 4-2: Percentiles of the χ² Distribution at 60 % and 90 %
confidence for n<30
n ² (60%) ² (90%)
2 1,83 4,61
4 4,04 7,78
6 6,21 10,6
8 8,35 13,4
10 10,5 16,0
12 12,6 18,5
14 14,7 21,1
16 16,8 23,5
18 18,9 26,0
20 21,0 28,4
22 23,0 30,8
24 25,1 33,2
26 27,2 35,6
28 29,2 37,9
30 32,3 40,3
Percentiles of the χ² distribution can be found in various literature.
NOTE The calculated failure rate for a given failure mechanism is highly
influenced by test conditions and the physics of failure. Whatever
the failure mechanism, an acceleration limitation applies. Highly
accelerated tests can induce failure mechanisms that are not
observed in the actual application. This leads to an overestimation
of failure rates. This acceleration limitation applies to all
acceleration factors (e.g. temperature, voltage, and current).
4.7 Considerations for reliability prediction for
mechanical parts
4.7.1 General
For mechanical reliability prediction, four approaches are available:
 part failure data analysis,
 empirical reliability relationships,
 stress-strength, and
 handbook data.
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There are a number of problems that are encountered when performing mechanical predictions and

these are summarized below.
 Part failure analysis
 Data often not available

 Available data is often grouped (individual times to failure are not available)

 For a completely new design, expensive testing may be required.
 Empirical reliability techniques
 Models available for limited number of part types
 New process/material not previously assessed
 Models are often for life and not hazard rate.
 Stress or strength interference analysis
 Results are probability of failure not hazard rate
 Interference often at extremes of distribution tails
 Standard deviation for stress is difficult to get.
 Handbook data
 Constant failure rates are assumed
 Failure rates are not application sensitive
 Design improvements doubtful.
4.7.2 Part failure data analysis

Statistical data analysis is the preferred approach to prediction when accurate failure data exist as part

of a manufacturer’s historical database. This data can also exist as a result of a dedicated reliability test

programme. When such data does exist, the underlying time to failure distribution should be identified

using statistical techniques such as the Weibull analysis. In every case a detailed analysis of failed parts

and their data should be performed to identify trends and failure mechanisms.
4.7.3 Empirical reliability relationships

Empirical reliability relationships are based on extensive testing for different combinations of, for

instance, loading, materials, and dimensions. The tools required to use these models include some

measures of part life and the ability to determine Weibull characteristic life.
4.7.4 Analysis of the stress-strength

An analysis of the stress-strength relationship involves characterization of statistical distributions for

stresses acting on a mechanical part and material strength. The most positive benefit is the

understanding that stress and strength are subject to variability, and if an incorrect underlying

distribution is selected or variability is not accurately characterized, estimated probability of failure can

be significantly in error. In order to perform a stress-strength analysis, the stress distribution and

strength distribution should be determined using best engineering practices.
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If stress is greater than strength, failure occurs. This failure generally occurs in the area under the

intersection of the strength and stress distribution. Hence it is important to understand the shape and

location of these distributions.
More information on stress-strength analysis can be found in IEC 60300-3-1.
4.7.5 Handbook data

Handbook data exists for mechanical parts and contain generic failure rate data, for example the RAC

publication NPRD. Care should be taken since the data can be quoted in, for instance, Failures/h,

Failures/Cycle, or Failures/Mile and should not be directly compared with data available on other

component types.
4.8 Documen
...