SIST EN IEC 61970-456:2022

Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 456: Solved power system state profiles

IEC 61970-456:2021 belongs to the IEC 61970-450 to IEC 61970-499 series that, taken as a whole, defines at an abstract level the content and exchange mechanisms used for data transmitted between power system analyses applications, control centres and/or control centre components.
The purpose of this document is to rigorously define the subset of classes, class attributes, and roles from the CIM necessary to describe the result of state estimation, power flow and other similar applications that produce a steady-state solution of a power network, under a set of use cases which are included informatively in this document.
This document is intended for two distinct audiences, data producers and data recipients, and can be read from those two perspectives. From the standpoint of model export software used by a data producer, the document defines how a producer may describe an instance of a network case in order to make it available to some other program. From the standpoint of a consumer, the document defines what that importing software must be able to interpret in order to consume power flow cases.
There are many different use cases for which use of this document is expected and they differ in the way that the document will be applied in each case. Implementers are expected to consider what use cases they wish to cover in order to know the extent of different options they must cover. As an example, the profiles defined in this document will be used in some cases to exchange starting conditions rather than solved conditions, so if this is an important use case, it means that a consumer application needs to be able to handle an unsolved state as well as one which has met some solution criteria.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. It is based on the IEC 61970 UML version ‘IEC61970CIM17v40’, dated 2020-08-24.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Updated to support CIM17 (IEC 61970-301:2020+AMD1) and align with IEC 61970‑452:ED4.
b) The classes PowerElectronicsConnection, PowerElectronicsUnit and PowerElectronicsWindUnit are added to the Steady State Hypothesis (SSH) profile to match the changes done for Edition 4 of IEC 61970-452 , Core Equipment profile.
c) Added relevant terms used in this document.
d) Clarified use of Equipment.inService and Equipment.normallyInService.

Schnittstelle für Anwendungsprogramme für Netzführungssysteme (EMS-API) - Teil 456: Globale Stabilitätsbeurteilung

Interface de programmation d'application pour système de gestion d'énergie (EMS-API) - Partie 456: Profils d'état de réseaux électriques résolus

IEC 61970-456:2021 appartient aux séries IEC 61970-450 à IEC 61970-499 qui, considérées dans leur ensemble, définissent à un niveau abstrait le contenu et les mécanismes d'échange utilisés pour les données transmises entre des applications d’analyses de réseaux électriques, des centres de conduite et/ou des composants de centre de conduite.
Le présent document a pour objet de définir de façon rigoureuse le sous-ensemble de classes, les attributs de classe et les rôles du CIM, nécessaires pour décrire le résultat de l'estimation d'état, du calcul de répartition et d'autres applications analogues qui produisent une solution en régime établi d'un réseau électrique dans un ensemble de cas d'utilisation inclus à titre informatif dans le présent document.
Le présent document s'adresse à deux destinataires distincts, les producteurs de données et les destinataires de données. Il peut être interprété selon ces deux points de vue. Du point de vue du logiciel d'exportation des modèles utilisé par un producteur de données, le présent document présente la façon dont un producteur peut décrire une instance d'un cas de réseau pour le rendre accessible à un autre programme. Du point de vue du client, le document définit ce que ce logiciel d'importation doit être capable d'interpréter afin de pouvoir absorber les cas de calcul de répartition.
Il existe un grand nombre de cas d'utilisation pour lesquels l'utilisation du présent document est prévue et ils diffèrent dans la manière dont le document est appliqué dans chaque cas. Il est prévu que les personnes chargées de la mise en œuvre envisagent les cas d'utilisation qu'ils souhaitent traiter afin de connaître l'étendue des différentes options qu'ils doivent traiter. Par exemple, le profil définit dans le présent document est utilisé dans certains cas pour échanger des conditions initiales plutôt que des conditions résolues, de sorte que s'il s'agit d'un cas d'utilisation important, cela signifie qu’il est nécessaire qu’une application du client soit capable de traiter un état non résolu ainsi qu'un état qui a satisfait à certains critères de solution.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2018. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Elle est fondée sur la version UML de l’IEC 61970 ʺIEC61970CIM17v40ʺ datée du 2020-08-24.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) mise à jour pour prendre en charge le CIM17 (IEC 61970-301:2020+AMD1) et s'aligner sur l'IEC 61970-452:ED4;
b) les classes PowerElectronicsConnection, PowerElectronicsUnit et PowerElectronicsWindUnit sont ajoutées au profil SSH (Steady State Hypothesis) pour correspondre aux modifications apportées au profil CoreEquipment de l’édition 4 de l’IEC 61970-452 ;
c) ajout des termes pertinents utilisés dans le présent document;
d) clarification de l'utilisation de Equipment.inService et de Equipment.normallyInService.

Aplikacijski programski vmesnik za sistem upravljanja z energijo (EMS-API) - 456. del: Profili stanja sproščenega elektroenergetskega sistema

Ta del standarda IEC 61970 pripada skupini standardov od IEC 61970-450 do IEC 61970-499, ki kot celota na abstraktni ravni določa vsebino in mehanizme izmenjave, ki se uporabljajo za podatke, prenesene med aplikacijami za analizo elektroenergetskega sistema, nadzornimi centri in/ali komponentami nadzornih centrov. Namen tega dokumenta je natančna opredelitev podmnožice razredov, atributov razredov in vlog v skupnem informacijskem modelu (CIM), potrebnih za opis rezultata ocenjevanja stanj, pretoka moči in drugih podobnih aplikacij, ki ustvarijo ustaljeno rešitev napajalnega omrežja na podlagi nabora primerov uporabe, ki jih ta standard informativno vključuje. Ta dokument je namenjen dvema ločenima skupinama (proizvajalcem podatkov in prejemnikom podatkov) in se lahko tolmači s teh dveh vidikov. S stališča programske opreme za izvažanje modelov, ki jo uporablja proizvajalec podatkov, dokument določa, kako lahko proizvajalec opiše omrežni primer, da omogoči njegovo razpoložljivost drugemu programu. S stališča porabnika dokument določa, katere zmogljivosti tolmačenja mora vključevati programska oprema za uvažanje, da lahko porablja primere pretoka moči. Obstajajo številni različni primeri uporabe, pri katerih se pričakuje uporaba tega dokumenta in ki se razlikujejo v načinu uporabe dokumenta. Od izvajalcev se pričakuje odločitev, katere primere uporabe želijo zajeti, da določijo obseg različnih možnosti, ki morajo biti vključene. Profili, opredeljeni v tem dokumentu, se na primer uporabijo v nekaterih primerih za izmenjavo začetnih pogojev namesto izpolnjenih pogojev. Če je to pomemben primer uporabe, to pomeni, da mora biti porabniška aplikacija zmožna obravnavati tako neizpolnjeno stanje kot tudi stanje, pri katerem so bili izpolnjeni nekateri kriteriji rešitve.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Apr-2022
• ICS: 29.240.30 - Control equipment for electric power systems
• ICS: 33.200 - Telecontrol. Telemetering
• ICS: 35.200 - Interface and interconnection equipment
• Technical Committee: PSE - Power systems management
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 18-Mar-2022
• Due Date: 23-May-2022
• Completion Date: 11-Apr-2022
• Mandate: M/490 - Standardisation mandate to the European Standardisation Organisations (ESOs) to support European Smart Grid deployment
• Ref Project: EN IEC 61970-456:2022 - Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 456: Solved power system state profiles

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN IEC 61970-456:2018 - Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 456: Solved power system state profiles
• Effective Date: 01-May-2022

Overview

EN IEC 61970-456:2022 (EMS-API Part 456) specifies the Solved power system state profiles used to exchange steady‑state solutions (state estimation, power flow and similar analyses) between energy management system (EMS) applications, control centres and analysis tools. Part of the IEC 61970 series, this edition (Edition 3) updates the profile to CIM17 (IEC61970CIM17v40) and clarifies modelling rules for interoperability between data producers and data consumers. The standard defines the subset of CIM classes, attributes and roles needed to describe solved (and in some use cases unsolved/starting) network states and includes CIMXML examples.

Key Topics

• Scope and intent: Defines how to represent a solved steady‑state network case for export/import between EMS, simulators and control components.
• Profiles covered: Steady State Hypothesis (SSH), Topology profile and State Variables profile - describing equipment, topology, node/branch models, and state results.
• CIM alignment: Updated to support CIM17 (IEC 61970-301:2020+AMD1) and aligned with IEC 61970‑452:ED4 (static transmission network model profiles).
• New classes: Adds PowerElectronicsConnection, PowerElectronicsUnit, PowerElectronicsWindUnit to better model modern inverter‑based resources.
• Model semantics: Clarifies use of Equipment.inService and Equipment.normallyInService, modelling authorities, connectivity model, and profile relationships.
• Use cases & examples: Includes model partitioning, network boundaries, merge/partition workflows and CIMXML examples for topology processing and bus/branch or node‑breaker representations.
• Audience perspective: Written for two audiences - data producers (model export tools) and data consumers (import/analysis tools) - specifying what must be produced and interpreted.

Applications

• Interoperability between state estimators, power flow solvers, contingency analysis and EMS control applications.
• Exchange of solved or initial network conditions for planning, operational studies and market simulations.
• Integration of inverter‑dominated resources (solar, wind, battery, power electronics) into solved state exchanges.
• Model partitioning and boundary exchange for multi‑utility or multi‑vendor workflows and model merging.
• Implementation guidance for vendors, utilities, system operators, software integrators and consultants building EMS‑API compliant tools.

Who should use this standard

• EMS and SCADA vendors, control‑centre software developers
• System operators and utilities implementing model exchange and state‑estimation workflows
• Power system analysis tool developers and integrators
• Consultants and implementers working on CIM/CIMXML data exchange

Related Standards

• IEC 61970-301 (CIM base)
• IEC 61970-452 (CIM static transmission network model profiles)
• Other parts of the IEC 61970 EMS‑API series (450–499)

Keywords: EN IEC 61970-456:2022, EMS-API, Solved power system state profiles, CIM17, power flow, state estimation, EMS interoperability, CIMXML.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN IEC 61970-456:2018
Aplikacijski programski vmesnik za sistem upravljanja z energijo (EMS-API) - 456.
del: Profili stanja sproščenega elektroenergetskega sistema
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) - Part 456: Solved
power system state profiles
Schnittstelle für Anwendungsprogramme für Netzführungssysteme (EMS-API) - Teil 456:
Globale Stabilitätsbeurteilung
Interface de programmation d'application pour système de gestion d'énergie (EMS-API) -
Partie 456: Profils d'état de réseaux électriques résolus
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61970-456:2022
ICS:
29.240.30 Krmilna oprema za Control equipment for electric
elektroenergetske sisteme power systems
35.200 Vmesniška in povezovalna Interface and interconnection
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61970-456

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2022
ICS 33.200 Supersedes EN IEC 61970-456:2018 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Energy management system application program interface
(EMS-API) - Part 456: Solved power system state profiles
(IEC 61970-456:2021)
Interface de programmation d'application pour système de Schnittstelle für Anwendungsprogramme für
gestion d'énergie (EMS-API) - Partie 456: Profils d'état de Netzführungssysteme (EMS-API) - Teil 456: Gelöste
réseaux électriques résolus Zustandsprofile des Stromversorgungssystems
(IEC 61970-456:2021) (IEC 61970-456:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-01-19. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61970-456:2022 E

European foreword
The text of document 57/2406/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 61970-456, prepared by IEC/TC 57
"Power systems management and associated information exchange" was submitted to the IEC-
CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 61970-456:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022-10-19
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-01-19
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN IEC 61970-456:2018 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if
any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CENELEC by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61970-456:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61970-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61970-1
IEC/TS 61970-2 NOTE Harmonized as CLC/TS 61970-2
IEC 61970-453 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61970-453
IEC 61970-501 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61970-501
IEC 61970-552 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61970-552
IEC 61970-600-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 61970-600-1
IEC 61970-600-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 61970-600-2
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61970-301 2020 Energy management system application EN IEC 61970-301 2020
program interface (EMS-API) - Part 301:
Common information model (CIM) base
1 2
A1 — A1 —
IEC 61970-452 2021 Energy management system application EN IEC 61970-452 2021
program interface (EMS-API) - Part 452:
CIM static transmission network model
profiles
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC/RPVC 61970-301/AMD1:2021.
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: EN IEC 61970-301:2020/FprA1:2021.
IEC 61970-456 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –

Part 456: Solved power system state profiles

Interface de programmation d'application pour système de gestion d'énergie

(EMS-API) –
Partie 456: Profils d'état de réseaux électriques résolus

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1046-1

– 2 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 10
INTRODUCTION . 12
1 Scope . 13
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Profile specification . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.1.1 General . 15
4.1.2 Steady state hypothesis profile . 15
4.1.3 Topology profile . 16
4.1.4 State variables profile . 16
4.2 Requirements and constraints . 16
5 Overview . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Modelling authorities . 22
5.3 Profile relationships . 24
5.4 Connectivity model. 25
6 Use cases . 26
6.1 Overview. 26
6.2 EMS network analysis integration . 28
6.3 Power flow based network analysis . 28
6.4 Model partitioning and boundary modelling . 29
6.4.1 General . 29
6.4.2 Network model boundaries . 30
6.4.3 Network parts and model merge . 31
6.4.4 Partitioning of a merged model . 33
7 Data model with CIMXML examples . 34
7.1 Topology processing . 34
7.1.1 Overview . 34
7.1.2 Bus-branch and node-breaker models . 34
8 Detailed Profile specification . 36
8.1 General . 36
8.2 Package SteadyStateHypothesisProfile. 36
8.2.1 General . 36
8.2.2 (abstract) ACDCConverter . 41
8.2.3 (Description) ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 41
8.2.4 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 42
8.2.5 (Description) ActivePowerLimit . 42
8.2.6 (Description) ApparentPowerLimit . 42
8.2.7 (Description) AsynchronousMachine . 43
8.2.8 (Description) BatteryUnit. 43
8.2.9 (Description) Breaker . 43
8.2.10 (abstract) ConductingEquipment . 44
8.2.11 (Description) ConformLoad . 44
8.2.12 (Description) ControlArea . 44
8.2.13 (Description) CsConverter . 45

IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
8.2.14 (Description) CurrentLimit . 46
8.2.15 (abstract) DCBaseTerminal . 47
8.2.16 (Description) DCTerminal . 47
8.2.17 (Description) Disconnector. 47
8.2.18 (Description) DisconnectingCircuitBreaker . 48
8.2.19 (abstract) EnergyConnection . 48
8.2.20 (Description) EnergyConsumer . 48
8.2.21 (Description) EnergySource . 49
8.2.22 Equipment . 50
8.2.23 (abstract) EquivalentEquipment . 50
8.2.24 (Description) EquivalentInjection . 50
8.2.25 (Description) ExternalNetworkInjection . 51
8.2.26 (Description) Fuse . 51
8.2.27 (Description) GeneratingUnit . 52
8.2.28 (Description) GroundDisconnector . 52
8.2.29 (Description) HydroGeneratingUnit . 53
8.2.30 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 53
8.2.31 (Description) Jumper . 53
8.2.32 (Description) LinearShuntCompensator . 54
8.2.33 (Description) LoadBreakSwitch . 54
8.2.34 (Description) NonConformLoad . 54
8.2.35 (Description) NonlinearShuntCompensator . 55
8.2.36 (Description) NuclearGeneratingUnit . 55
8.2.37 (abstract) OperationalLimit . 55
8.2.38 (abstract) PhaseTapChanger . 56
8.2.39 (Description) PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical . 56
8.2.40 (Description) PhaseTapChangerLinear . 57
8.2.41 (abstract) PhaseTapChangerNonLinear . 57
8.2.42 (Description) PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical . 57
8.2.43 (Description) PhaseTapChangerTabular . 58
8.2.44 (Description) PowerElectronicsConnection . 58
8.2.45 (abstract) PowerElectronicsUnit . 59
8.2.46 (abstract) PowerSystemResource . 59
8.2.47 (abstract) ProtectedSwitch . 59
8.2.48 (Description) RatioTapChanger . 60
8.2.49 (abstract,Description) RegulatingCondEq . 60
8.2.50 (Description) RegulatingControl . 60
8.2.51 (abstract) RotatingMachine . 61
8.2.52 (abstract) ShuntCompensator . 62
8.2.53 (Description) SolarGeneratingUnit . 63
8.2.54 (Description) StaticVarCompensator . 63
8.2.55 (Description) StationSupply . 63
8.2.56 (Description) Switch . 64
8.2.57 (Description) SynchronousMachine . 64
8.2.58 (abstract) TapChanger . 65
8.2.59 (Description) TapChangerControl . 65
8.2.60 (Description) Terminal . 66
8.2.61 (Description) ThermalGeneratingUnit . 66
8.2.62 (Description) VoltageLimit . 66

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8.2.63 (Description) VsConverter . 67
8.2.64 (Description) WindGeneratingUnit . 68
8.2.65 AsynchronousMachineKind enumeration . 68
8.2.66 BatteryStateKind enumeration . 68
8.2.67 CsOperatingModeKind enumeration. 68
8.2.68 CsPpccControlKind enumeration . 69
8.2.69 SynchronousMachineOperatingMode enumeration . 69
8.2.70 UnitMultiplier enumeration . 69
8.2.71 UnitSymbol enumeration . 70
8.2.72 VsPpccControlKind enumeration . 76
8.2.73 VsQpccControlKind enumeration . 76
8.2.74 ActivePower datatype . 77
8.2.75 AngleDegrees datatype . 77
8.2.76 AngleRadians datatype . 77
8.2.77 ApparentPower datatype. 78
8.2.78 CurrentFlow datatype . 78
8.2.79 PerCent datatype . 78
8.2.80 PU datatype . 79
8.2.81 ReactivePower datatype . 79
8.2.82 RealEnergy datatype . 79
8.2.83 Resistance datatype . 79
8.2.84 Voltage datatype. 80
8.2.85 Boolean primitive . 80
8.2.86 Date primitive . 80
8.2.87 Float primitive . 80
8.2.88 Integer primitive . 80
8.2.89 String primitive . 80
8.3 Package TopologyProfile . 80
8.3.1 General . 80
8.3.2 (Description) ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 82
8.3.3 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 82
8.3.4 (abstract) BaseVoltage root class . 82
8.3.5 (Description) ConnectivityNode root class . 82
8.3.6 (abstract) ConnectivityNodeContainer root class . 83
8.3.7 (abstract) DCBaseTerminal . 83
8.3.8 (abstract) DCEquipmentContainer root class . 83
8.3.9 (Description) DCNode . 83
8.3.10 (Description) DCTerminal . 84
8.3.11 DCTopologicalNode . 84
8.3.12 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 85
8.3.13 (Description) Terminal . 85
8.3.14 TopologicalNode . 86
8.3.15 Date primitive . 87
8.3.16 (abstract) ReportingGroup . 87
8.3.17 String primitive . 87
8.4 Package StateVariablesProfile . 87
8.4.1 General . 87
8.4.2 (abstract) ACDCConverter . 90
8.4.3 (abstract) ACDCTerminal . 90

IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
8.4.4 (Description) CsConverter . 90
8.4.5 (abstract) ConductingEquipment root class . 91
8.4.6 DCTopologicalIsland . 91
8.4.7 (abstract) DCTopologicalNode . 92
8.4.8 (abstract) IdentifiedObject root class . 92
8.4.9 (abstract) ShuntCompensator root class . 93
8.4.10 SvInjection root class. 93
8.4.11 SvPowerFlow root class . 93
8.4.12 SvShuntCompensatorSections root class . 94
8.4.13 SvStatus root class . 94
8.4.14 SvSwitch root class . 95
8.4.15 SvTapStep root class . 95
8.4.16 SvVoltage root class . 96
8.4.17 (abstract) Switch . 96
8.4.18 (abstract) TapChanger root class . 96
8.4.19 (abstract) Terminal . 97
8.4.20 TopologicalIsland. 97
8.4.21 (abstract) TopologicalNode root class . 98
8.4.22 (Description) VsConverter . 98
8.4.23 UnitMultiplier enumeration . 98
8.4.24 UnitSymbol enumeration . 99
8.4.25 ActivePower datatype . 105
8.4.26 AngleDegrees datatype . 105
8.4.27 CurrentFlow datatype . 105
8.4.28 ReactivePower datatype . 105
8.4.29 Voltage datatype. 106
8.4.30 Boolean primitive . 106
8.4.31 Date primitive . 106
8.4.32 Float primitive . 106
8.4.33 String primitive . 106
Bibliography . 107

Figure 1 – Relations between MAS, profile and dataset . 23
Figure 2 – Profile relationships . 24
Figure 3 – Connectivity and solution model . 25
Figure 4 – The European power system with regions . 27
Figure 5 – Information exchange in power flow and sharing of results . 27
Figure 6 – EMS datasets to an external client . 28
Figure 7 – Node-breaker power flow integration architecture . 29
Figure 8 – Bus-branch power flow integration architecture . 29
Figure 9 – Line boundary dataset example . 30
Figure 10 – Substation boundary dataset example . 30
Figure 11 – Merged model . 31
Figure 12 – Alternate boundary modelling . 32
Figure 13 – Merged model alternatives . 32
Figure 14 – Partitioning of a merged model . 33
Figure 15 – Relation between ConnectivityNode and TopologicalNode . 35

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Figure 16 – Bus-branch modelling of bus coupler and line transfer . 36
Figure 17 – Class diagram
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SteadyStateHypothesisProfile . 37
Figure 18 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Core. 38
Figure 19 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DC . 39
Figure 20 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::OperationalLimits . 39
Figure 21 – Class diagram SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Datatypes . 40
Figure 22 – Class diagram TopologyProfile::TopologyProfile . 81
Figure 23 – Class diagram TopologyProfile::Datatypes . 81
Figure 24 – Class diagram StateVariablesProfile::StateVariablesProfile . 88
Figure 25 – Class diagram StateVariablesProfile::Datatypes . 89

Table 1 – Attributels of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCConverter . 41
Table 2 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 42
Table 3 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ACDCTerminal . 42
Table 4 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ActivePowerLimit . 42
Table 5 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ApparentPowerLimit . 43
Table 6 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AsynchronousMachine . 43
Table 7 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::BatteryUnit . 43
Table 8 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Breaker . 44
Table 9 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ConductingEquipment. 44
Table 10 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ConformLoad . 44
Table 11 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ControlArea . 45
Table 12 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsConverter . 46
Table 13 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CurrentLimit . 46
Table 14 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DCBaseTerminal . 47
Table 15 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DCTerminal . 47
Table 16 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Disconnector . 47
Table 17 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::DisconnectingCircuitBreaker . 48
Table 18 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergyConnection . 48
Table 19 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergyConsumer . 49
Table 20 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EnergySource . 49
Table 21 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Equipment . 50
Table 22 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EquivalentEquipment . 50
Table 23 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::EquivalentInjection . 51
Table 24 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ExternalNetworkInjection . 51
Table 25 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Fuse . 52
Table 26 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::GeneratingUnit . 52
Table 27 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::GroundDisconnector . 52
Table 28 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::HydroGeneratingUnit . 53
Table 29 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::IdentifiedObject . 53
Table 30 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Jumper . 53
Table 31 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::LinearShuntCompensator . 54

IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
Table 32 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::LoadBreakSwitch . 54
Table 33 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NonConformLoad . 55
Table 34 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NonlinearShuntCompensator . 55
Table 35 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::NuclearGeneratingUnit . 55
Table 36 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::OperationalLimit . 56
Table 37 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChanger . 56
Table 38 – Attributes of
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerAsymmetrical . 56
Table 39 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerLinear . 57
Table 40 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerNonLinear . 57
Table 41 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerSymmetrical . 58
Table 42 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PhaseTapChangerTabular . 58
Table 43 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerElectronicsConnection . 58
Table 44 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerElectronicsUnit . 59
Table 45 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PowerSystemResource . 59
Table 46 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ProtectedSwitch . 59
Table 47 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RatioTapChanger . 60
Table 48 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RegulatingCondEq . 60
Table 49 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RegulatingControl . 61
Table 50 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RotatingMachine . 62
Table 51 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ShuntCompensator . 62
Table 52 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SolarGeneratingUnit . 63
Table 53 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::StaticVarCompensator . 63
Table 54 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::StationSupply . 64
Table 55 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Switch . 64
Table 56 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SynchronousMachine . 65
Table 57 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::TapChanger . 65
Table 58 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::TapChangerControl . 66
Table 59 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Terminal . 66
Table 60 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ThermalGeneratingUnit . 66
Table 61 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VoltageLimit . 67
Table 62 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsConverter . 67
Table 63 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::WindGeneratingUnit . 68
Table 64 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AsynchronousMachineKind . 68
Table 65 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::BatteryStateKind . 68
Table 66 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsOperatingModeKind . 69
Table 67 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CsPpccControlKind . 69
Table 68 – Literals of
SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::SynchronousMachineOperatingMode . 69
Table 69 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::UnitMultiplier . 70
Table 70 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::UnitSymbol . 71
Table 71 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsPpccControlKind . 76
Table 72 – Literals of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::VsQpccControlKind . 77
Table 73 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ActivePower . 77

– 8 – IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021
Table 74 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AngleDegrees . 77
Table 75 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::AngleRadians . 78
Table 76 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ApparentPower . 78
Table 77 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::CurrentFlow . 78
Table 78 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PerCent . 78
Table 79 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::PU . 79
Table 80 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::ReactivePower . 79
Table 81 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::RealEnergy . 79
Table 82 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Resistance . 80
Table 83 – Attributes of SteadyStateHypothesisProfile::Voltage . 80
Table 84 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal . 82
Table 85 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::ACDCConverterDCTerminal with other
classes . 82
Table 86 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ACDCTerminal . 82
Table 87 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::ConnectivityNode with other classes . 83
Table 88 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCBaseTerminal . 83
Table 89 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCBaseTerminal with other classes . 83
Table 90 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCNode . 84
Table 91 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCNode with other classes . 84
Table 92 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCTerminal . 84
Table 93 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCTerminal with other classes . 84
Table 94 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::DCTopologicalNode. 85
Table 95 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::DCTopologicalNode with other

classes . 85
Table 96 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::IdentifiedObject . 85
Table 97 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::Terminal . 86
Table 98 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::Terminal with other classes . 86
Table 99 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::TopologicalNode . 86
Table 100 – Association ends of TopologyProfile::TopologicalNode with other classes . 87
Table 101 – Attributes of TopologyProfile::ReportingGroup . 87
Table 102 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ACDCConverter . 90
Table 103 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::ACDCTerminal . 90
Table 104 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::CsConverter . 91
Table 105 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalIsland . 92
Table 106 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalIsland with other
classes . 92
Table 107 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::DCTopologicalNode . 92
Table 108 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::IdentifiedObject . 93
Table 109 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvInjection . 93
Table 110 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvInjection with other classes . 93
Table 111 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvPowerFlow . 94
Table 112 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvPowerFlow with other
classes . 94
Table 113 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvShuntCompensatorSections . 94

IEC 61970-456:2021 © IEC 2021 – 9 –
Table 114 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvShuntCompensatorSections
with other classes . 94
Table 115 – Attributes of StateVariablesProfile::SvStatus . 95
Table 116 – Association ends of StateVariablesProfile::SvStatus with oth
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