SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024
(Main)Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery - Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems (ISO 18497-2:2024)
Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery - Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems (ISO 18497-2:2024)
This document specifies principles for the design of obstacle protective systems used in agricultural machinery and tractors that are used in agricultural applications and that have partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions. Additionally, it provides guidance on the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices (including information about residual risks).
The purpose of this document is to assist in the provision of more specific safety requirements, means of verification and information for use to ensure an appropriate level of safety for agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions used in a specified way.
This document deals with the significant hazards relevant to agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer during normal operation and service.
Applicability of the design principles and any additional detailed requirements for design, verification, validation or information for use are outside the scope of this document. When risk assessment concludes that hazards are not significant hazards, the principles of this document do not apply.
NOTE Safety requirements for specific non-automated functions of agricultural machinery and tractors can be available in machine-specific type-C standards.
This document is not applicable to:
— forestry applications;
— operations on public roads including relevant requirements for braking and steering systems.
This document is not applicable to agricultural machinery and tractors which are manufactured before the date of its publication, or to systems applied to agricultural machinery and tractors put into use before the date of its publication.
Landmaschinen und Traktoren - Sicherheit von teilautomatisierten, halbautonomen und autonomen Maschinen - Teil 2: Gestaltungsleitsätze für Hindernisschutzsysteme (ISO 18497-2:2024)
Dieses Dokument legt Gestaltungsgrundlagen für die Auslegung von Hindernis-Schutzsystemen fest, die in Landmaschinen und Traktoren für landwirtschaftliche Anwendungen verwendet werden und die über teilautomatisierte, halbautonome und autonome Funktionen verfügen. Zudem liefert es einen Leitfaden zu der Art von Informationen, die der Hersteller zu sicheren Arbeitspraktiken (einschließlich Informationen zu Restrisiken) angeben muss.
Zweck dieses Dokuments ist es, bei der Bereitstellung spezifischerer Sicherheitsanforderungen, Mitteln zur Verifizierung und Benutzerinformationen zu helfen, um ein angemessenes Sicherheitsniveau für Landmaschinen und Traktoren mit auf bestimmte Weise verwendeten teilweise automatisierten, halbautonomen und autonomen Funktionen zu liefern.
Dieses Dokument behandelt für Landmaschinen und Traktoren mit teilweise automatisierten, halbautonomen und autonomen Funktionen, wenn diese wie vernünftigerweise vorgesehen und unter den im Normalbetrieb und der Wartung vom Hersteller vorhersehbaren Missbrauchsbedingungen verwendet werden, relevanten signifikanten Gefährdungen.
Die Anwendbarkeit der Gestaltungsgrundsätze sowie jegliche zusätzlichen detaillierten Anforderungen an Gestaltung, Verifizierung, Validierung oder Benutzerinformationen liegen außerhalb des Anwendungsbereichs dieses Dokuments. Wenn durch eine Risikobeurteilung festgestellt wird, dass Gefährdungen keine signifikanten Gefährdungen sind, sind die Grundsätze dieses Dokuments nicht anwendbar.
ANMERKUNG Sicherheitsanforderungen an spezifische nicht automatisierte Funktionen von Landmaschinen und Traktoren können in maschinenspezifischen Typ C Normen verfügbar sein.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf:
- forstwirtschaftliche Anwendungen;
- Tätigkeiten auf öffentlichen Straßen einschließlich geltender Anforderungen an Brems- und Lenkeinrichtungen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Landmaschinen und Traktoren, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum hergestellt wurden oder für Systeme, die vor dem Veröffentlichungsdatum an Landmaschinen und Traktoren in Betrieb genommen wurden.
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles - Sécurité des machines partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes - Partie 2: Principes de conception des systèmes de protection contre les obstacles (ISO 18497-2:2024)
Le présent document spécifie les principes de conception des systèmes de protection contre les obstacles utilisés sur les tracteurs et matériels agricoles qui sont utilisés dans les applications agricoles et qui possèdent des fonctions partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes. En outre, il fournit des recommandations sur le type d'informations relatives aux pratiques d'utilisation sûres (y compris les informations relatives aux risques résiduels) que le fabricant est tenu de fournir.
L’objectif du présent document est d’aider à fournir des exigences de sécurité plus spécifiques, des moyens de vérification et des informations pour l’utilisation afin d’assurer un niveau de sécurité approprié pour les tracteurs et matériels agricoles équipés de fonctions partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes utilisées de façon spécifiée.
Le présent document traite des phénomènes dangereux significatifs applicables aux tracteurs et matériels agricoles équipés de fonctions partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés tel que prévu et dans les conditions de mauvais usage raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant pendant des conditions normales d'utilisation et d'entretien.
L’applicabilité des principes de conception et toute exigence détaillée supplémentaire pour la conception, la vérification, la validation ou les informations pour l’utilisation ne relèvent pas du domaine d’application du présent document. Lorsque l'appréciation du risque conclut que les phénomènes dangereux ne sont pas significatifs, les principes du présent document ne s'appliquent pas.
NOTE Les exigences de sécurité pour les fonctions non automatisées spécifiques des tracteurs et matériels agricoles peuvent être disponibles dans des normes de type C spécifiques aux machines.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux:
— applications de sylviculture;
— opérations sur voies publiques, y compris les exigences pour le freinage et la direction.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux tracteurs et matériels agricoles fabriqués avant la date de sa publication ni aux systèmes appliqués aux tracteurs et matériels agricoles mis en service avant la date de sa publication.
Kmetijski stroji in traktorji - Varnost delno avtomatiziranih, polavtonomnih in avtonomnih strojev - 2. del: Načela načrtovanja sistemov za zaščito pred ovirami (ISO 18497-2:2024)
Ta dokument določa načela za načrtovanje sistemov za zaščito pred ovirami za delno avtomatizirane, polavtonomne in avtonomne kmetijske stroje in traktorje, ki se uporabljajo v kmetijstvu. Podaja tudi smernice glede vrste informacij, ki jih mora predložiti proizvajalec v zvezi z varnimi delovnimi postopki (vključno z informacijami o ostalih tveganjih).
Dokument je namenjen kot pomoč pri zagotavljanju natančnejših varnostnih zahtev, načinov preverjanja in informacij za uporabo, s čimer se zagotovi ustrezna stopnja varnosti delno avtomatiziranih, polavtonomnih in avtonomnih kmetijskih strojev in traktorjev, ki se uporabljajo na določen način.
Ta dokument obravnava večja tveganja v zvezi z delno avtomatiziranimi, polavtonomnimi in avtonomnimi kmetijskimi stroji in traktorji, kadar se med normalnim delovanjem in vzdrževanjem uporabljajo v skladu s predvidenim namenom in pod pogoji pričakovane nepravilne uporabe, ki jih določa proizvajalec.
Uporabnost načel oblikovanja in morebitne dodatne podrobne zahteve za oblikovanje, preverjanje, validacijo ali informacije za uporabo ne spadajo na področje uporabe tega dokumenta. Če ocena tveganja pokaže, da tveganja ne spadajo med večja tveganja, se načela tega dokumenta ne uporabljajo.
OPOMBA: Varnostne zahteve za posebne neavtomatizirane funkcije kmetijskih strojev in traktorjev so lahko na voljo v standardih tipa C za posamezne stroje.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za:
– gozdarstvo;
– dejavnosti na javnih cestah, vključno z ustreznimi zahtevami za zavorne in krmilne sisteme.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za kmetijske stroje in traktorje, ki so bili izdelani pred datumom njegove objave, ali za sisteme, ki se uporabljajo za kmetijske stroje in traktorje, dane v uporabo pred datumom njegove objave.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN ISO 18497-2:2024 - "Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi‑autonomous and autonomous machinery - Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems" provides high‑level design principles for obstacle protection systems used on agricultural machinery and tractors that incorporate partially automated, semi‑autonomous or autonomous functions. The standard helps manufacturers and designers define safe working practices, communicate residual risks, and supports the development of more specific safety requirements, verification and validation methods.
Key topics
- Scope of application: Principles apply to agricultural machinery and tractors used in agricultural applications with automation functions. The document excludes forestry operations, public road operations (including braking/steering requirements), and machines or systems placed in service before the standard’s publication date.
- Design principles for obstacle protection systems: Guidance on how to address significant hazards identified by risk assessment when machinery is used as intended or under reasonably foreseeable misuse during normal operation and service.
- Manufacturer information: Recommendations on the type of information to provide users, including safe working practices and warnings about residual risks associated with automated obstacle protection systems.
- Interaction with risk assessment: The principles apply only where hazards are classified as significant by the manufacturer’s risk assessment; if not significant, the principles do not apply.
- Limitations: The standard provides principles and guidance but does not itself set detailed design, verification, validation or prescriptive technical requirements.
Applications and who uses it
EN ISO 18497-2:2024 is intended for:
- OEMs and system integrators designing obstacle detection/protection for autonomous or semi‑autonomous tractors and agricultural machines.
- Safety engineers performing risk assessments and developing safety concepts for automation features.
- Technical writers and training teams preparing safety instructions, warnings and operator information about residual risks and safe working practices.
- Testing and certification bodies and compliance teams assessing conformity with machinery safety directives and harmonized standards.
- Fleet operators and maintenance teams who need to understand manufacturer guidance and residual risk implications for safe operation and servicing.
Practical uses include defining safe sensor placement and system boundaries, documenting operating limits and residual risks, and informing the development of downstream verification and validation activities.
Related standards
- ISO 18497-1:2024 (machine design principles and vocabulary)
- ISO 18497-3:2024 (autonomous operating zones)
- ISO 18497-4:2024 (verification and validation principles)
- ISO 12100, ISO 13849, ISO 25119 series (risk assessment and safety‑related control systems)
- ISO 3767 (symbols for operator controls and displays)
By aligning with EN ISO 18497-2:2024, stakeholders can better integrate obstacle protection into automated agricultural machinery while addressing safety information and residual risk communication.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2024
Kmetijski stroji in traktorji - Varnost delno avtomatiziranih, polavtonomnih in
avtonomnih strojev - 2. del: Načela načrtovanja sistemov za zaščito pred ovirami
(ISO 18497-2:2024)
Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous
and autonomous machinery - Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems
(ISO 18497-2:2024)
Landmaschinen und Traktoren - Sicherheit von teilautomatisierten, halbautonomen und
autonomen Maschinen - Teil 2: Gestaltungsleitsätze für Hindernisschutzsysteme (ISO
18497-2:2024)
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles - Sécurité des machines partiellement automatisées,
semi-autonomes et autonomes - Partie 2: Principes de conception des systèmes de
protection contre les obstacles (ISO 18497-2:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18497-2:2024
ICS:
65.060.01 Kmetijski stroji in oprema na Agricultural machines and
splošno equipment in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 18497-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 65.060.01 Supersedes EN ISO 18497:2018
English Version
Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery
- Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems
(ISO 18497-2:2024)
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles - Sécurité des Landmaschinen und Traktoren - Sicherheit von
machines partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes teilautomatisierten, halbautonomen und autonomen
et autonomes - Partie 2: Principes de conception pour Maschinen - Teil 2: Gestaltungsleitsätze für
la protection contre les obstacles (ISO 18497-2:2024) Hindernisschutzsysteme (ISO 18497-2:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18497-2:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18497-2:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 144
“Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2025, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18497:2018.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18497-2:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18497-2:2024 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.1.2. Principles of safety -----
integration
1.1.2(a) 4
1.1.2(c) 4
1.1.2(d) NOT COVERED
1.1.2(e) NOT COVERED
1.1.3. Materials and products NOT COVERED
1.1.4. Lighting NOT COVERED
1.1.5. Design of machinery to
NOT COVERED
facilitate its handling
1.1.6. Ergonomics 4.2.6
1.1.7. Operating positions NOT COVERED
1.1.8. Seating NOT COVERED
1.2. CONTROL SYSTEMS -----
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of 4.2.2, 4.2.3, 4.2.7
control systems
1.2.2. Control devices NOT COVERED
1.2.3. Starting NOT COVERED
1.2.4. Stopping NOT COVERED
1.2.5. Selection of control or NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
operating modes
1.2.6. Failure of the power 4.2.7
supply
1.3. PROTECTION AGAINST ----
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability NOT COVERED
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during
NOT COVERED
operation
1.3.3. Risks due to falling or
NOT COVERED
ejected objects
1.3.4. Risks due to surfaces,
NOT COVERED
edges or angles
1.3.5. Risks related to combined
NOT COVERED
machinery
1.3.6. Risks related to variations
NOT COVERED
in operating conditions
1.3.7. Risks related to moving
NOT COVERED
parts
1.3.8. Choice of protection
against risks arising from NOT COVERED
moving parts
1.3.9. Risks of uncontrolled
NOT COVERED
movements
1.4. REQUIRED ----
CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARDS
AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES
1.4.1. General requirements NOT COVERED
1.4.2. Special requirements for
NOT COVERED
guards
1.4.3. Special requirements for
NOT COVERED
protective devices
1.5. RISKS DUE TO OTHER ----
HAZARDS
1.5.1. Electricity supply NOT COVERED
1.5.2. Static electricity NOT COVERED
1.5.3. Energy supply other than
NOT COVERED
electricity
1.5.4. Errors of fitting NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.5.5. Extreme temperatures NOT COVERED
1.5.6. Fire NOT COVERED
1.5.7. Explosion NOT COVERED
1.5.8. Noise NOT COVERED
1.5.9. Vibrations NOT COVERED
1.5.10. Radiation NOT COVERED
1.5.11. External radiation NOT COVERED
1.5.12. Laser radiation NOT COVERED
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous
NOT COVERED
materials and substances
1.5.14. Risk of being trapped in a
NOT COVERED
machine
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping
NOT COVERED
or falling
1.5.16. Lightning NOT COVERED
1.6. MAINTENANCE -----
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance NOT COVERED
1.6.2. Access to operating
NOT COVERED
positions and servicing points
1.6.3. Isolation of energy sources NOT COVERED
1.6.4. Operator intervention NOT COVERED
1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts NOT COVERED
1.7. INFORMATION ----
1.7.1. Information and warnings 4.3
on the machinery
1.7.1.1. Information and 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.3, 4.4
information devices
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6
1.7.2. Warning of residual risks 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6
1.7.3. Marking of machinery NOT COVERED
1.7.4. Instructions 4.4
2.4. MACHINERY FOR ----
PESTICIDE APPLICATION
2.4.2. General NOT COVERED
2.4.3. Controls and monitoring NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
2.4.4. Filling and emptying NOT COVERED
2.4.5. Application of pesticides ----
2.4.5.1. Application rate NOT COVERED
2.4.5.2. Distribution, deposition
NOT COVERED
and drift of pesticide
2.4.5.3. Tests NOT COVERED
2.4.5.4. Losses during stoppage NOT COVERED
2.4.6. Maintenance ----
2.4.6.1. Cleaning NOT COVERED
2.4.6.2. Servicing NOT COVERED
2.4.7. Inspections NOT COVERED
2.4.8. Marking of nozzles,
NOT COVERED
strainers and filters
2.4.9. Indication of pesticide in
NOT COVERED
use
2.4.10. Instructions NOT COVERED
3.2. WORK POSITIONS ---
3.2.1. Driving position NOT COVERED
3.2.2. Seating NOT COVERED
3.2.3. Positions for other persons NOT COVERED
3.3. CONTROL SYSTEMS ---
3.3.1. Control devices NOT COVERED
3.3.2. Starting/moving NOT COVERED
3.3.3. Travelling function NOT COVERED
3.3.4. Movement of pedestrian-
NOT COVERED
controlled machinery
3.3.5. Control circuit failure NOT COVERED
3.4. PROTECTION AGAINST ---
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
3.4.1. Uncontrolled movements NOT COVERED
3.4.2. Moving transmission parts NOT COVERED
3.4.3. Roll-over and tip-over NOT COVERED
3.4.4. Falling objects NOT COVERED
3.4.5. Means of access NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
3.4.6. Towing devices NOT COVERED
3.4.7. Transmission of power
between self-propelled
NOT COVERED
machinery (or tractor) and
recipient machinery
3.5. PROTECTION AGAINST ----
OTHER HAZARDS
3.5.1. Batteries NOT COVERED
3.5.2. Fire NOT COVERED
3.5.3. Emissions of hazardous
NOT COVERED
substances
3.6. INFORMATION AND ----
INDICATIONS
3.6.1. Signs, signals and
NOT COVERED
warnings
3.6.2. Marking NOT COVERED
3.6.3. Instructions ----
3.6.3.1. Vibrations NOT COVERED
3.6.3.2. Multiple uses NOT COVERED
Table ZA.2 — Applicable Standards to confer presumption of conformity as described in this
Annex ZA
Column 1 Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
Reference in Standard Edition Title Corresponding
Clause 2 European Standard
Edition
ISO 3767-1:2016 ISO 3767-1:2016 Tractors, machinery for None
agriculture and forestry,
ISO 3767-
powered lawn and garden
1:2016/A1:2020
For applicable
equipment — Symbols for
standard edition see
operator controls and
Column 2
other displays — Part 1:
Common symbols
ISO 3767-2:2016 ISO 3767-2:2016 Tractors, machinery for None
agriculture and forestry,
ISO 3767-
powered lawn and garden
2:2016/A1:2020
For applicable
equipment — Symbols for
standard edition see
operator controls and
Column 2
other displays — Part 2:
Symbols for agricultural
tractors and machinery
Column 1 Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
Reference in Standard Edition Title Corresponding
Clause 2 European Standard
Edition
ISO 12100:2010 ISO 12100:2010 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 12100:2010
General principles for
design — Risk assessment
and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1:2023 ISO 13849-1:2023 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 13849-1:2023
Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 1:
General principles for
design
ISO 13849-2:2012 ISO 13849-2:2012 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 13849-2:2012
Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 2:
Validation
ISO 18497-1:2024 ISO 18497-1:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-1:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous machinery —
Part 1: Machine design
principles and vocabulary
ISO 18497-3:2024 ISO 18497-3:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-3:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous — Part 3:
Autonomous operating
zones
ISO 18497-4:2024 ISO 18497-4:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-4:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous machinery —
Part 4: Verification
methods and validation
principles
ISO 25119-1:2018 ISO 25119-1:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-1:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-
forestry — Safety-related
1:2018/A1:2020 1:2023/ A1:2023
parts of control systems
— Part 1: General
principles for design and
development
ISO 25119-2:2019 ISO 25119-2:2019 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-2:2023
for agriculture and
Column 1 Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
Reference in Standard Edition Title Corresponding
Clause 2 European Standard
Edition
forestry — Safety-related
parts of control systems
— Part 2: Concept phase
ISO 25119-3:2018 ISO 25119-3:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-3:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-3:2023/
forestry — Safety-related
3:2018/A1:2020 A1:2023
parts of control systems
— Part 3: Series
development, hardware
and software
ISO 25119-4:2018 ISO 25119-4:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-4:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-
forestry — Safety-related
4:2018/A1:2020 4:2023/ A1:2023
parts of control systems
— Part 4: Production,
operation, modification
and supporting processes
The documents listed in the Column 1 of Table ZA.2, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in
this document, i.e. are indispensable for its application. The achievement of the presumption of
conformity is subject to the application of the edition of Standards as listed in Column 4 or, if no
European Standard Edition exists, the International Standard Edition given in Column 2 of Table ZA.2.
WARNING 1 Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this
standard.
International
Standard
ISO 18497-2
First edition
Agricultural machinery and
2024-07
tractors — Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery —
Part 2:
Design principles for obstacle
protection systems
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles — Sécurité des machines
partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes —
Partie 2: Principes de conception pour la protection contre les
obstacles
Reference number
ISO 18497-2:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ISO 18497-2:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 18497-2:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective or risk reduction measures . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Design principles .3
4.2.1 General .3
4.2.2 Obstacle detection — Perception and supervisory systems .3
4.2.3 Operational limits — Perception and supervisory systems .5
4.2.4 Visual indication — Partially automated and semi-autonomous (manual mode) .5
4.2.5 Audible indication — Partially automated and semi-autonomous (manual mode) .5
4.2.6 Monitoring .5
4.2.7 Faults and failures .6
4.3 Labelling and identification .6
4.4 Information for use .6
Annex A (informative) Perception system technologies . 8
Annex B (informative) Design recommendations for warning and hazard zones .12
Annex C (informative) Obstacle detection performance .13
Bibliography . 14
iii
ISO 18497-2:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 18497-2, together with ISO 18497-1, ISO 18497-3 and ISO 18497-4, cancels and
replaces ISO 18497:2018, which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— obstacle protective systems were made its own part (i.e. ISO 18497-2) and substantially revised to
account for the wide range of functionality and use cases within agricultural machines and tractors.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18497 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 18497-2:2024(en)
Introduction
This document is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards. The
requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
— Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery;
— Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspects or one or more types
of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
— Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
The purpose of the ISO 18497 series is to establish general design principles for partially automated, semi-
autonomous and autonomous (see ISO 18497-1:2024, Clause 3) functions of agricultural machinery and
tractors.
Manual non-automated functions are addressed in existing agricultural machinery and tractor safety
standards. Due to the potential number of different functions of agricultural machinery and tractors and
the mixed type and mode to which these functions can exist, it is necessary to establish general design
principles. In this way, the combination, operator location, and types of interaction of these functions can
be guided so that further type-C safety standards can be developed consistently and explicitly to address
the mitigation of risk of injury to operators and bystanders. This is the primary focus of safety standards.
Attempting to specify risk mitigation requirements based on combinations of type and mode of functions
alone cannot be accomplished accurately for all agricultural machinery and tractors due to the wide variety
of the machinery and variety of functionality.
[1]
Therefore, the familiar representation of SAE J3016 with six levels of automation was deliberately not
chosen as a basis for the ISO 18497 series. It is necessary to develop more specific type-C safety standards,
v
ISO 18497-2:2024(en)
using the general design principles of this document, to adequately account for the risks of agricultural
machinery and tractors used in a specified way with various types of partially auto
...
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery - Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protection systems (ISO 18497-2:2024)". This standard covers: This document specifies principles for the design of obstacle protective systems used in agricultural machinery and tractors that are used in agricultural applications and that have partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions. Additionally, it provides guidance on the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices (including information about residual risks). The purpose of this document is to assist in the provision of more specific safety requirements, means of verification and information for use to ensure an appropriate level of safety for agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions used in a specified way. This document deals with the significant hazards relevant to agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer during normal operation and service. Applicability of the design principles and any additional detailed requirements for design, verification, validation or information for use are outside the scope of this document. When risk assessment concludes that hazards are not significant hazards, the principles of this document do not apply. NOTE Safety requirements for specific non-automated functions of agricultural machinery and tractors can be available in machine-specific type-C standards. This document is not applicable to: — forestry applications; — operations on public roads including relevant requirements for braking and steering systems. This document is not applicable to agricultural machinery and tractors which are manufactured before the date of its publication, or to systems applied to agricultural machinery and tractors put into use before the date of its publication.
This document specifies principles for the design of obstacle protective systems used in agricultural machinery and tractors that are used in agricultural applications and that have partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions. Additionally, it provides guidance on the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe working practices (including information about residual risks). The purpose of this document is to assist in the provision of more specific safety requirements, means of verification and information for use to ensure an appropriate level of safety for agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions used in a specified way. This document deals with the significant hazards relevant to agricultural machinery and tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions when used as intended and under the conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer during normal operation and service. Applicability of the design principles and any additional detailed requirements for design, verification, validation or information for use are outside the scope of this document. When risk assessment concludes that hazards are not significant hazards, the principles of this document do not apply. NOTE Safety requirements for specific non-automated functions of agricultural machinery and tractors can be available in machine-specific type-C standards. This document is not applicable to: — forestry applications; — operations on public roads including relevant requirements for braking and steering systems. This document is not applicable to agricultural machinery and tractors which are manufactured before the date of its publication, or to systems applied to agricultural machinery and tractors put into use before the date of its publication.
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 65.060.01 - Agricultural machines and equipment in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN ISO 18497:2019. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 문서는 부분 자동화, 반자율 및 자율 기능을 갖춘 농업 기계와 트랙터에 사용되는 장애물 보호 시스템 설계를 위한 원칙을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 농업 응용 프로그램에서의 안전성을 최우선으로 하여, 기계의 제작자가 제공해야 하는 안전 작업 관행 및 잔여 위험에 대한 정보를 포함한 안전 요구 사항을 구체적으로 제공합니다. 이 문서의 주요 강점은 농업 기계와 트랙터에 대한 전반적인 안전성 향상을 위한 시스템 설계 원칙을 제공하는 점입니다. 특히, 예상되는 오용 조건에서도 안전성을 유지할 수 있도록 하는 데 중점을 두고 있으며, 이는 농업 기계의 사용자가 보다 안전하게 작업할 수 있도록 도와줍니다. 또한, 위험 평가를 통해 식별된 주요 위험에 초점을 맞춤으로써, 안전 요구 사항의 적절성을 보장합니다. 이 표준은 장애물 보호 시스템 설계에서 필요한 특정한 정보를 제공하는 가이드를 제시하며, 요청된 공정 및 작동 환경에 맞는 안전 요구 사항이 충족되는지 확인할 수 있는 방법을 구체화합니다. 이와 같이, SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024는 농업 기계의 안전성 및 운영 효율성을 증대시키기 위한 필수적인 문서로 자리매김하고 있습니다. 문서에서 언급된 바와 같이, 특정 비자동화 기능에 대한 안전 요구 사항은 기계별 유형-C 표준에서 확인할 수 있으므로, 이 표준을 적용하기 전에 해당 내용을 충분히 검토하는 것이 필요합니다. 또한, 숲 관련 응용 프로그램이나 공공 도로에서의 작업 및 2024년 출판 전에 제작된 기계에는 본 문서의 적용이 배제되므로, 사용자는 이에 대한 충분한 인식이 필요합니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024는 부분 자동화 및 자율 기능을 갖춘 농업 기계의 안전한 사용을 위한 중요한 기준을 제공하며, 농업 전문 종사자들에게 필수적으로 참고해야 할 표준입니다.
SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024は、農業機械およびトラクターにおける部分自動化、半自律及び自律機械の安全性に関する設計原則を定めた重要な標準です。この文書は、特に農業用途で使用されるこれらの機械に適用され、障害物保護システムの設計に必要な原則を示しています。 この標準の強みは、農業機械とトラクターが用いることを想定した場合の重大な危険を特定し、これに対する具体的な安全要件、確認手段、及び使用に関する情報を提供する点にあります。部分自動化や自律機能を持つ機械に特有のリスクを考慮し、製造者が安全な作業手順についてどのような情報を提供すべきかに関するガイダンスも含まれています。これにより、農業機械の安全性が高まることが期待されます。 加えて、製造者が正常な運用及びサービス下で予見可能な誤用の条件も考慮しているため、実用的で信頼性のある安全基準と言えます。また、この文書が適用される範囲を明確に限定しているため、特定の非自動化機能に関する安全要件については、機械特有のタイプC標準を参照する必要があることも明記されています。これにより、農業機械及びトラクターにおける安全設計の一貫性と透明性が確保されています。 SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024は、農業分野において部分自動化、半自律及び自律機能を持つ機械を適切に設計、製造、運用するための基盤を提供するものであり、今後の技術進展に伴う新たな安全基準の確立に貢献するでしょう。
La norme SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 est essentielle dans le secteur des machines agricoles et des tracteurs, car elle établit des principes de conception pour les systèmes de protection contre les obstacles sur les machines partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes. Son champ d'application est clairement défini, se concentrant sur les fonctions automatiques des équipements agricoles. Cela garantit une approche systématique pour la sécurité, favorisant ainsi un niveau approprié de protection lors de l'utilisation prévue des machines. Parmi les forces majeures de cette norme, le document souligne l'importance de la sécurité tout en intégrant des fonctions de conception novatrices pour les systèmes de protection contre les obstacles. Il aborde des risques significatifs relatifs aux machines, prenant en compte les conditions d'utilisation normales et les abus raisonnablement prévisibles par le fabricant. Ce cadre de sécurité est crucial pour les utilisateurs, leur permettant d'identifier et de comprendre les résidus de risques spécifiques associés à chaque machine. De plus, la norme fournit une orientation sur les informations que les fabricants doivent transmettre concernant les pratiques de travail sûres. Cela inclut des directives claires sur les exigences de sécurité, les moyens de vérification et les informations à utiliser. Ces éléments sont fondamentaux pour renforcer la confiance dans l'usage de machines agricoles avancées, tout en garantissant que les utilisateurs aient accès aux informations nécessaires pour minimiser les dangers potentiels. Bien que la norme aborde principalement les machines avec fonctions automatisées, elle précise également que les exigences de sécurité pour les fonctions non automatisées peuvent être trouvées dans des normes spécifiques de type-C. Cela montre une compréhension nuancée du paysage réglementaire tout en offrant une flexibilité pour les machines déjà existantes. Toutefois, il est important de noter que cette norme ne s'applique pas aux applications forestières ou aux opérations sur routes publiques, ainsi qu’aux machines mises en service avant sa publication. En somme, la SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 est un document standard crucial qui jette les bases pour une conception sécuritaire des systèmes de protection contre les obstacles dans les machines agricoles. Son approche méthodique et ses recommandations pertinentes renforcent la sécurité et l'efficacité dans un domaine qui évolue rapidement avec l'intégration de technologies avancées.
The SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 standard presents a comprehensive framework for designing obstacle protection systems in agricultural machinery and tractors, specifically those equipped with partially automated, semi-autonomous, and autonomous functions. The scope of this document is crucial as it addresses the design principles necessary for ensuring safety in agricultural applications where technology is increasingly advanced and integrated into machinery. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its focus on the identification and management of significant hazards associated with the use of agricultural machinery. By concentrating on these hazards during intended operation and foreseeable misuse, the document supports manufacturers in implementing effective safety measures. The guidance provided for manufacturers is particularly relevant as it emphasizes the importance of detailing safe working practices and residual risks, thereby enhancing user awareness and operational safety. Furthermore, the document clearly delineates its applicability, excluding scenarios such as forestry operations and activities on public roads. This specification helps manufacturers and users alike understand the boundaries of the standard, ensuring that safety measures are relevant and effectively applied. The exclusion of machinery produced before the publication date also reinforces the standard’s commitment to current and emerging safety practices in the agricultural sector. Overall, the SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 document plays a vital role in advancing safety protocols for modern agricultural machinery equipped with automated technology. It establishes a foundation for manufacturers to develop safer equipment, enhances compliance with safety regulations, and ultimately contributes to a reduction in workplace accidents in agricultural settings. The alignment of design principles within this standard with the evolving landscape of agricultural automation highlights its relevance and necessity in promoting safer agricultural practices.
Die Norm SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024 behandelt die Sicherheit von landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen und Traktoren, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Entwurfprinzipien für Objektschutzsysteme, die in Maschinen mit teilweise automatisierten, semi-autonomen und autonomen Funktionen verwendet werden. Der Umfang dieses Dokuments ist von großer Bedeutung, da es spezifische Sicherheitsanforderungen formuliert, die für die Konstruktion und den Einsatz solcher Maschinen unerlässlich sind. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Norm liegt in ihrer klaren Strukturierung und den detaillierten Prinzipien, die es Herstellern ermöglichen, effektive Objektschutzsysteme zu entwerfen. Diese Systeme sind entscheidend, um die Sicherheit während des Betriebs von Maschinen in landwirtschaftlichen Anwendungen zu gewährleisten. Die Norm berücksichtigt sowohl beabsichtigte Benutzungen als auch potenzielle Missbrauchsszenarien, was die Relevanz der Sicherheitsvorkehrungen weiter unterstreicht. Ein weiteres starkes Element der Dieser Norm ist die umfassende Anleitung zu sicherheitsrelevanten Informationen, die von Herstellern bereitgestellt werden sollten. Dazu zählen Informationen über Residualrisiken und sichere Arbeitspraktiken, die den Nutzern helfen, informierte Entscheidungen zu treffen und Risiken effektiv zu minimieren. Diese Aspekte sind entscheidend, um ein hohes Sicherheitsniveau in der Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Maschinen und Traktoren zu garantieren. Allerdings ist es wichtig zu beachten, dass die Norm spezifische Ausnahmen definiert, wie beispielsweise Anwendungen in der Forstwirtschaft oder den Betrieb auf öffentlichen Straßen. Dadurch wird klargestellt, dass die in dieser Norm festgelegten Prinzipien gezielt auf bestimmte Maschinen und Nutzungsszenarien angewendet werden sollen, wodurch eine klare Abgrenzung zu anderen Bereichen der landwirtschaftlichen Technik geschaffen wird. Insgesamt zeigt die SIST EN ISO 18497-2:2024, wie wichtig standardisierte Ansätze in der Gestaltung von Agrartechnologien sind. Die Norm nimmt eine Schlüsselposition in der Gewährleistung der Sicherheit von teilweise automatisierten, semi-autonomen und autonomen landwirtschaftlichen Maschinen ein und trägt durch ihre umfassenden Leitlinien zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen Sicherheitsstandards in diesem Sektor bei.
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