SIST EN ISO 12354-4:2017

Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside (ISO 12354-4:2017)

ISO 12354-4:2017 specifies a calculation model to estimate the sound power level radiated by the envelope of a building due to airborne sound inside that building, primarily by means of measured sound pressure levels inside the building and measured data which characterize the sound transmission by the relevant elements and openings in the building envelope. These sound power levels, together with those of other sound sources in or in front of the building envelope, form the basis for the calculation of the sound pressure level at a chosen distance from a building as a measure for the acoustic performance of buildings.
The prediction of the inside sound pressure level from knowledge of the indoor sound sources is outside the scope of this document.
The prediction of the outdoor sound propagation is outside the scope of this document.
NOTE          For simple propagation conditions an approach is given for the estimation of the sound pressure level in Annex E.
ISO 12354-4:2017 describes the principles of the calculation model, lists the relevant quantities and defines its applications and restrictions.

Bauakustik - Berechnung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Gebäuden aus den Bauteileigenschaften - Teil 4: Schallübertragung von Räumen ins Freie (ISO 12354-4:2017)

Acoustique du bâtiment - Calcul de la performance acoustique des bâtiments à partir de la performance des éléments - Partie 4: Transmission du bruit intérieur à l'extérieur (ISO 12354-4:2017)

ISO 12354-4:2017 spécifie un modèle de calcul permettant de déterminer le niveau de puissance acoustique rayonné par l'enveloppe d'un bâtiment du fait du bruit aérien à l'intérieur de ce bâtiment, principalement à l'aide des niveaux de pression acoustique mesurés à l'intérieur du bâtiment et des données mesurées qui caractérisent la transmission acoustique des éléments et ouvertures de l'enveloppe du bâtiment. Ces niveaux de puissance acoustique ainsi que ceux provenant d'autres sources sonores se trouvant dans ou devant l'enveloppe du bâtiment constituent la base de calcul du niveau de pression acoustique à une distance déterminée d'un bâtiment pour mesurer les performances acoustiques des bâtiments.
La prévision du niveau de pression acoustique intérieur à partir de la connaissance des sources sonores intérieures n'entre pas dans le domaine d'application du présent document.
La prévision de la propagation du bruit à l'extérieur n'entre pas dans le domaine d'application du présent document.
NOTE          Pour des conditions de propagation simple, l'Annexe E présente une approche permettant une estimation du niveau de pression acoustique.
ISO 12354-4:2017 décrit les principes du modèle de calcul, liste les grandeurs significatives, et définit les applications et les limites de ce modèle.

Akustika v stavbah - Ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti stavb iz lastnosti sestavnih delov - 4. del: Prenos zvoka iz notranjosti v okolico (ISO 12354-4:2017)

Ta dokument določa računski model za ocenjevanje ravni zvočne moči, ki jo seva fasada stavbe zaradi zvoka v zraku, nastalega znotraj te stavbe, predvsem z merjenjem ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe in na podlagi izmerjenih podatkov, ki popisujejo prenos zvoka skozi zidne elemente in odprtine v fasadi stavbe. Te ravni zvočne moči, skupaj s tistimi iz drugih virov v fasadi ali nasproti fasade stavbe, tvorijo osnovo za izračun ravni zvočnega tlaka na izbrani razdalji od stavbe kot merila za akustično lastnost stavbe.
Napoved ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe na podlagi poznavanja notranjih virov hrupa ni predmet tega dokumenta.
Napoved širjenja zvoka zunaj stavbe ni predmet tega dokumenta.
OPOMBA: Za enostavne pogoje širjenja zvoka je postopek za določanje ravni zvočnega tlaka podan v dodatku E.
Ta dokument opisuje načela računskega modela, navaja seznam relevantnih veličin in določa njihovo uporabo in omejitve.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 29-Mar-2016
• Publication Date: 22-Nov-2017
• ICS: 91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
• Technical Committee: AKU - Acoustics
• Current Stage: 6100 - Translation of adopted SIST standards (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 21-Jan-2020
• Due Date: 19-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 04-Dec-2020
• Directive: 2012-01-0380 - Pravilnik o zaščiti pred hrupom v stavbah
• Ref Project: EN ISO 12354-4:2017 - Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside (ISO 12354-4:2017)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 12354-4:2001 - Building Acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2017

Overview

EN ISO 12354-4:2017 (ISO 12354-4:2017) - Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements - Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside - specifies a calculation model to estimate the sound power level radiated by a building envelope due to airborne sound inside. The model uses measured indoor sound pressure levels and measured element transmission data (façades, windows, openings, transfer elements) to derive the sound radiation from the envelope. These results form the basis for assessing exterior sound levels from a building when combined with other sound sources.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Calculation model & principles: framework for converting indoor sound pressure levels and element transmission properties into equivalent substitute point sound sources on the building envelope.
• Element characterization: use of measured data such as sound reduction index (R) and element normalized level difference (Dn,e) for façades, windows, ducts and openings.
• Determination of sound power: procedures to compute the sound power level for envelope segments and openings, and to apply directivity correction (Dc) for radiation patterns.
• Limitations & accuracy: scope excludes prediction of indoor sound pressure from source descriptions and detailed outdoor sound propagation (Annex E gives a simplified outdoor propagation approach for simple conditions).
• Supporting material: normative references (e.g., ISO 10140-1, ISO 16283-3, ISO 7235), lists of symbols, guidance on interior sound fields, directivity, single-number ratings and a worked calculation example.

Practical applications

• Estimate noise emissions from buildings (façade/window transmission) for environmental impact assessments.
• Support façade and window design decisions to reduce noise radiation to outdoor areas.
• Provide input sound power levels for outdoor noise propagation models and community noise assessments (used together with propagation standards).
• Aid compliance documentation for building regulations and planning consents where façade noise emission is a factor.
• Form the basis for software tools and application documents used by acoustical consultants.

Who should use this standard

• Acoustical consultants and engineers
• Façade and window manufacturers
• Architects and building designers concerned with noise control
• Environmental planners and authorities
• Developers of acoustic prediction software

Related standards

• ISO 10140-1 - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements
• ISO 16283-3 - Field measurement of airborne sound insulation of façades
• ISO 7235 - Measurement procedures for ducted silencers and air-terminals

EN ISO 12354-4:2017 is intended for acoustical experts and for development of tools and application documents to support building design and environmental noise assessment.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 12354-4:2001
$NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK2FHQMHYDQMHDNXVWLþQLKODVWQRVWLVWDYEL]ODVWQRVWLVHVWDYQLK
GHORYGHO3UHQRV]YRNDL]QRWUDQMRVWLYRNROLFR,62
Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the
performance of elements - Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside (ISO
12354-4:2017)
Bauakustik - Berechnung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Gebäuden aus den
Bauteileigenschaften - Teil 4: Schallübertragung von Räumen ins Freie (ISO 12354-
4:2017)
Acoustique du bâtiment - Calcul de la performance acoustique des bâtiments à partir de
la performance des éléments - Partie 4: Transmission du bruit intérieur à l'extérieur (ISO
12354-4:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12354-4:2017
ICS:
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 12354-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.20 Supersedes EN 12354-4:2000
English Version
Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of
buildings from the performance of elements - Part 4:
Transmission of indoor sound to the outside (ISO 12354-
4:2017)
Acoustique du bâtiment - Calcul de la performance Bauakustik - Berechnung der akustischen
acoustique des bâtiments à partir de la performance Eigenschaften von Gebäuden aus den
des éléments - Partie 4: Transmission du bruit Bauteileigenschaften - Teil 4: Schallübertragung von
intérieur à l'extérieur (ISO 12354-4:2017) Räumen ins Freie (ISO 12354-4:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 April 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12354-4:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 12354-4:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
“Acoustics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building
elements and of buildings” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2018, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12354-4:2000.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12354-4:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 12354-4:2017 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12354-4
First edition
2017-07
Building acoustics — Estimation of
acoustic performance of buildings
from the performance of elements —
Part 4:
Transmission of indoor sound to the
outside
Acoustique du bâtiment — Calcul de la performance acoustique des
bâtiments à partir de la performance des éléments —
Partie 4: Transmission du bruit intérieur à l’extérieur
Reference number
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Quantities to express building performance . 2
3.2 Quantities to express element performance . 2
3.3 Other terms and quantities . 3
4 Calculation model . 3
4.1 General principles . 3
4.2 Determination of substitute point sound sources . 4
4.3 Determination of the sound power level for a substitute point source . 5
4.3.1 General. 5
4.3.2 Segment of structural elements of the building envelope. 5
4.3.3 Segment of openings . 6
4.4 Determination of the directivity correction for a substitute point source . 7
4.5 Limitations . 7
5 Accuracy . 7
Annex A (normative) List of symbols . 8
Annex B (informative) Interior sound field . 9
Annex C (informative) Sound reduction index .10
Annex D (informative) Directivity of sound radiation .11
Annex E (informative) Simplified model to predict exterior sound pressure levels .12
Annex F (informative) Application of the model to single number ratings .15
Annex G (informative) Calculation example .17
Bibliography .23
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www . i so .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 126, Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings, in collaboration with
ISO Technical Committee TC 43, Acoustics, SC 2, Building acoustics, in accordance with the agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 15712-4:2005, which has been technically revised.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 12354 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
Introduction
This document is part of a series specifying calculation models in building acoustics.
Although this document covers the main types of building construction it cannot as yet cover all
variations in the construction of buildings. It sets out an approach for gaining experience for future
improvements and developments.
The accuracy of this document alone is difficult to specify since it forms just one link in the chain of
inside sound level, sound radiation and sound propagation outdoors; the first and last item are not
covered by this document. The accuracy can only be specified after widespread comparisons with field
data in combination with other prediction standards, i.e. those for outdoor sound propagation. It is the
responsibility of the user (i.e. a person, an organization, the authorities) to address the consequences of
the accuracy, inherent for all measurement and prediction methods, by specifying requirements for the
input data and/or applying a safety margin to the results or applying some other correction.
It is intended for acoustical experts and provides the framework for the development of application
documents and tools for other users in the field of building construction, taking into account local
circumstances.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
Building acoustics — Estimation of acoustic performance
of buildings from the performance of elements —
Part 4:
Transmission of indoor sound to the outside
1 Scope
This document specifies a calculation model to estimate the sound power level radiated by the envelope
of a building due to airborne sound inside that building, primarily by means of measured sound
pressure levels inside the building and measured data which characterize the sound transmission by
the relevant elements and openings in the building envelope. These sound power levels, together with
those of other sound sources in or in front of the building envelope, form the basis for the calculation of
the sound pressure level at a chosen distance from a building as a measure for the acoustic performance
of buildings.
The prediction of the inside sound pressure level from knowledge of the indoor sound sources is outside
the scope of this document.
The prediction of the outdoor sound propagation is outside the scope of this document.
NOTE For simple propagation conditions an approach is given for the estimation of the sound pressure level
in Annex E.
This document describes the principles of the calculation model, lists the relevant quantities and
defines its applications and restrictions.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7235, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers and air-terminal units —
Insertion loss, flow noise and total pressure loss
ISO 10140-1:2016, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —
Part 1: Application rules for specific products
ISO 16283-3, Acoustics — Field measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements —
Part 3: Airborne sound insulation of façades
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, and the symbols and units
listed in Annex A, apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
3.1 Quantities to express building performance
3.1.1
sound power level
L
W
sound power level of a substitute point sound source
3.1.2
directivity correction
D
c
deviation in decibels between the sound pressure level of a point sound source in a specified direction
and the level of an omni-directional point source producing the same sound power level
3.2 Quantities to express element performance
NOTE For the calculations, additional information on constructions could be necessary; for example, the
shape of the building envelope, areas, etc.
3.2.1
sound reduction index
R
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the sound power W incident on a test specimen to the
sound power W transmitted through the specimen, which is evaluated from
 
W
R = 10 lg  dB
 
W
 
Note 1 to entry: This quantity shall be determined in accordance with ISO 10140-1:2016, Annexes A, B, C and D or
ISO 16283-1.
3.2.2
element normalized level difference
D
n,e
difference in the space and time average sound pressure level produced in two rooms by a source in
one room, where sound transmission is only due to a small technical element (e.g. transfer air devices,
electrical cable ducts, transit sealing systems), which is evaluated from
 
 
A
 
DL=−L − 10 lg  dB
n,e1 2
 
 
A
 0 
 
where A is the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room, in square metres.
Note 1 to entry: D is normalized to the reference equivalent sound absorption area (A ) in the receiving room;
n,e o
A = 10 m .
o
Note 2 to entry: This quantity shall be determined in accordance with ISO 10140-1:2016, Annex E.
3.2.3
insertion loss
D
reduction in sound power level at a given location behind the element due to the
insertion of the element into the duct in place of a hard-walled duct section
Note 1 to entry: This quantity shall be determined in accordance with ISO 7235.
Note 2 to entry: For elements where this document does not apply equivalent methods should be used.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
3.3 Other terms and quantities
3.3.1
sound pressure level
L
p
measure of sound at a specified reception point outside a building, due to the sound produced inside
the building and by sources associated with the building as normally determined by measurements
according to local requirements (specifying relevant positions, integration period and source
conditions)
Note 1 to entry: The sound pressure level is normally A-weighted.
3.3.2
total attenuation due to propagation
A
tot
level difference between the radiated sound power and the sound pressure at a position at distance d
from the building envelope due to the total of all propagation effects
Note 1 to entry: Propagation effects include geometrical divergence, air absorption, ground effect, screening, etc.
3.3.3
diffusivity term
C
d
level difference between the sound pressure level at 1 m to 2 m from the inside face of the relevant
building element and the intensity level of the incident sound perpendicular to that element
Note 1 to entry: For a diffuse field and reflecting walls, the diffusivity term is C = –6 dB; for other situations it
d
can have a value between 0 dB and –6 dB.
3.3.4
inside sound pressure level
L
p,in
sound pressure level inside the building, 1 m to 2 m from the considered element or segment of the
building envelope
Note 1 to entry: In the case of a diffuse sound field, this corresponds to the average sound pressure level in the
diffuse sound field.
3.3.5
substitute point source
point source for which the radiated sound is the same as that of a segment of the building envelope
Note 1 to entry: The segment can be composed of one or more building elements or of one or more openings.
4 Calculation model
4.1 General principles
The total sound pressure level at a reception point that is a chosen distance from a building is
determined by the following contributions:
— the sound radiated by the elements of the building envelope due to the sound pressure level inside;
— the sound radiated by individual sound sources, fixed in or onto the outside of the building;
— the outdoor sound propagation (effects of distance, air absorption, ground effect, screening,
reflections, etc.).
The sound radiation by the building envelope may be represented by the radiation of one or more
substitute point sources. Each point source can represent the contribution of a segment of the building
envelope or a group of individual sound sources. The number of point sources required to adequately
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
represent a building depends upon the distance of each reception point from the building and the
variation in propagation effects. Normally, the building envelope is represented by at least one point
source for each side, i.e. walls and roofs, but often several point sources are required for each side.
The sound pressure level at a reception point outside the building is determined from the contributions
of each substitute point source according to Formula (1):
LL=+DA− (1)
pW ctot
where
L is the sound pressure level at a reception point outside the building due to the sound radiation
p
of a substitute point source, in decibels;
L is the sound power level of the substitute point source, in decibels;
W
D is the directivity correction for the substitute point sources in the direction of the reception
c
point, in decibels;
A is the total attenuation that occurs during sound propagation from the substitute point source
tot
to the reception point, in decibels.
The calculation model described in this document is restricted to the calculation of the sound power
level of the substitute point sources for the building elements and openings in the building envelope
from data on
— the inside sound pressure level, and
— the elements which form the building envelope.
The model also gives indications of the directivity correction that can be expected for various types
of elements. The inside sound pressure level will normally be the equivalent sound pressure level over
a specified period according to the relevant requirements. However, other types of levels can also be
used, for instance the maximum level. The calculation of the inside sound pressure level is outside the
scope of this document.
The calculation of the contribution of individual sound sources is outside the scope of this document.
The total attenuation A due to propagation effects, necessary for the prediction of the sound pressure
tot
level at the reception point, can be estimated according to available methods for outdoor propagation,
based on a point source approach. The calculation of these propagation effects is outside the scope of
this document.
NOTE One such method is given in ISO 9613-2, where the total attenuation is indicated as A. The total
attenuation follows from the addition of the attenuation due to various propagation effects, such as geometrical
divergence, air absorption, ground effect, screening, etc.
However, for simple propagation conditions an approach is given for the estimation of the sound
pressure level in Annex E.
A calculation example is given in Annex G.
4.2 Determination of substitute point sound sources
The elements contributing to the sound radiation are divided into two groups:
— plane radiators, such as structural elements of the building envelope, i.e. walls, roof, windows,
doors, including small building elements with an area of typically less than 1 m , such as grids and
openings;
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
— larger openings, area typically 1 m or more, i.e. large ventilation openings, open doors, open
windows.
To calculate the sound propagation outside the building each element can be represented by a substitute
point sound source. However, the building may also be divided into larger segments which are each
represented by a substitute point sound source. For the segmentation the following rules apply:
— the sound propagation to the nearest reception points of interest (A ) is the same for all elements
tot
of a segment;
— the distance to the nearest reception point of interest is larger than twice the largest dimension of
the segment;
— for the elements in a segment the same inside sound pressure level is applicable;
— for the elements in a segment the same directivity is applicable.
If one or more of these conditions is not fulfilled, choose different segments for instance smaller
segments, until these conditions are met.
Unless otherwise specified in the propagation model, the point source representing a vertical segment
is positioned at half the width of the segment and 2/3 the height of the segment; for all other segments
the position is at the centroid of the segment.
4.3 Determination of the sound power level for a substitute point source
4.3.1 General
For each segment the sound power level is determined from the following input data:
— sound pressure level inside: L ;
p,in
— sound reduction index of large building element i of the building envelope: R ;
i
— element normalized level difference of small element i: D ;
n,e,i
— insertion loss of silencing element for opening i: D ;
i
— area of building element or opening i: S
i.
4.3.2 Segment of structural elements of the building envelope
The sound power level for the substitute point source is determined by Formula (2):
S
′
LL=+CR− +10lg (2)
Wp,ind
S
o
where
L is the sound pressure level at 1 m to 2 m from the inside of the segment, in decibels;
p,in
C is the diffusivity term for the inside sound field at the segment, in decibels;
d
R′ is the apparent sound reduction index for the segment, in decibels;
S is the area of the segment, in square metres;
S is the reference area, in square metres ; S = 1 m .
o o
ISO 12354-4:2017(E)
The apparent sound reduction index for the segment follows from the data on the composing elements
i by Formula (3):
m mn+
 
S A
−D /10
−R /10
i o
n,e,i
 i 
′
R =−10lg 10 + 10 (3)
∑ ∑
 
S S
i=1 im=+1
 
where
R is the sound reduction index of element i, in decibels;
i
S is the area of element i, in square metres;
i
D is the element normalized sound level difference for a small element i, in decibels;
n,e,i
A is the reference absorption area, in square metres; A = 10 m ;
o o
m is the number of large elements of the segment;
n is the number of small elements of the segment.
Information on the inside sound pressure level and diffusivity of the sound field is given in Annex B,
based on the type of enclosed space and internal conditions for the elements of the building envelope.
NOTE 1 In the case of an ideal diffuse sound field and non-absorbing elements C = –6 dB; for industrial spaces
d
and segments which are non-absorbing at the inside a value of C = –5 dB is generally more appropriate.
d
NOTE 2 The contribution of structure-borne sound to the sound radiation is not incorporated into the model.
It could roughly be incorporated through an adjusted sound reduction index; some indications are given in
Annex C.
Information on the sound reduction index to be used is given in Annex C.
4.3.3 Segment of openings
The sound power level for the substitute point source is determined by Formula (4):
o
S
−D /10
i
i
LL=+C +10lg 10 (4)
∑
W pi, nd
S
o
i=1
where
S is the area of opening i, in square metres;
i
D is the insertion loss for a silencing element for opening i, in decibels;
i
o is the number of openings of the segment.
The calculation of the sound power level is performed in frequency bands, based on acoustic data for the
elements in frequency bands (one-third-octave bands or octave bands). The calculation is performed at
least for the octave bands from 125 Hz to 2 000 Hz or for the one-third-octave bands from 100 Hz to
3 150 Hz. The calculations can be extended to higher or lower frequencies if acoustic data are available
for such a larger frequency range. Information of airborne sound insulation in the low frequency range
down to 50 Hz can be found in ISO 12354-1:2017, Annex I. The issues of field measurement of façade
sound insulation in the low frequency range are specifically considered in ISO 16283-3.
NOTE For rough indications it could be sufficient to apply the model directly to A-weighted levels and single
number ratings of the performance of building elements in accordance with ISO 717-1.
...

ba
SLOVENSKI SIST EN ISO 12354-4

STANDARD
december 2017
Akustika v stavbah – Ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti stavb iz lastnosti
sestavnih delov – 4. del: Prenos zvoka iz notranjosti v okolico
(ISO 12354-4:2017)
Building acoustics – Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the
performance of elements – Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside
(ISO 12354-4:2017)
Bauakustik – Berechnung der akustischen Eigenschaften von Gebäuden aus den
Bauteileigenschaften – Teil 4: Schallübertragung von Räumen ins Freie
(ISO 12354-4:2017)
Acoustique du bâtiment – Calcul de la performance acoustique des bâtiments à
partir de la performance des éléments – Partie 4: Transmission du bruit intérieur à
l'extérieur (ISO 12354-4:2017)

Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.120.20 SIST EN ISO 12354-4:2017(sl)

Nadaljevanje na straneh II in III ter od 1 do 28

© 2020-12. Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN ISO 12354-4 (sl), Akustika v stavbah – Ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti stavb iz
lastnosti sestavnih delov – 4. del: Prenos zvoka iz notranjosti v okolico (ISO 12354-4:2017), 2017, ima
status slovenskega standarda in je enakovreden evropskemu standardu EN ISO 12354-4 (en, de, fr),
Building acoustics – Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements
– Part 4: Transmission of indoor sound to the outside (ISO 12354-4:2017), 2017.

Ta standard nadomešča SIST EN 12354-4:2001.

NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN ISO 12354-4:2017 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za
standardizacijo CEN/TC 126 Akustične lastnosti gradbenih proizvodov in stavb. Slovenski standard
glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski standard v enem
izmed treh uradnih jezikov CEN. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC AKU
Akustika.
Odločitev za izdajo tega standarda je dne 2. novembra 2017 sprejel SIST/TC AKU Akustika.

ZVEZE S STANDARDI
S privzemom tega evropskega standarda veljajo za omejeni namen referenčnih standardov vsi
standardi, navedeni v izvirniku, razen tistih, ki so že sprejeti v nacionalno standardizacijo:

SIST EN ISO 7235  Akustika – Laboratorijski merilni postopki za dušilnike v kanalih in
elementih za dovod in odvod zraka – Dodano dušenje, hrup zaradi
pretoka in padec celotnega tlaka
SIST EN ISO 10140-1:2016 Akustika – Laboratorijsko merjenje zvočne izolirnosti gradbenih
elementov – 1. del: Pravila uporabe za določene izdelke
SIST EN ISO 16283-3 Akustika – Terenska merjenja zvočne izolirnosti v stavbah in stavbnih
elementih – 3. del: Izolirnost fasade

OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda EN ISO 12354-4:2017

PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– standard SIST EN 12354-4:2001

OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN ISO
12354-4:2017 to pomeni “slovenski standard”.

– Uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.

II
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN ISO 12354-4:2017 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem

Upravni center
CEN
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Bruselj
This national document is identical with EN ISO 12354-4:2017 and is published with the permission of

CEN
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Brussels
III
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
IV
EVROPSKI STANDARD  EN ISO 12354-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
avgust 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.20 Nadomešča EN 12354-4:2000

Slovenska izdaja
Akustika v stavbah – Ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti stavb iz
lastnosti sestavnih delov – 4. del: Prenos zvoka iz notranjosti v
okolico (ISO 12354-4:2017)
Building acoustics – Estimation of Acoustique du bâtiment – Calcul Bauakustik – Berechnung der
acoustic performance of buildings de la performance acoustique des akustischen Eigenschaften von
from the performance of elements bâtiments à partir de la Gebäuden aus den
– Part 4: Transmission of indoor performance des éléments – Bauteileigenschaften –
sound to the outside Partie 4: Transmission du bruit Teil 4: Schallübertragung von
(ISO 12354-4:2017) intérieur à l'extérieur Räumen ins Freie
(ISO 12354-4:2017) (ISO 12354-4:2017)

Ta evropski standard je CEN odobril 22. aprila 2017.

Člani CEN morajo izpolnjevati notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi
dobi ta evropski standard status nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnihkoli sprememb. Sezname
najnovejših izdaj teh nacionalnih standardov in njihove bibliografske podatke je mogoče na zahtevo
dobiti pri Upravnem centru CEN-CENELEC ali pri članih CEN.

Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter priglasijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN-CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.

Člani CEN so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Nemčije,
Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Srbije, Španije,
Švedske, Švice, Turčije in Združenega kraljestva.

CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European committee for standardization
Comité européen de normalisation
Europäisches komitee für normung

Upravni center CEN-CENELEC: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruselj

© 2017 CEN Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse Ref. oz. EN ISO 12354-4:2017 E
države članice CEN
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
VSEBINA Stran
Evropski predgovor . 3
Predgovor . 4
Uvod . 5
1 Področje uporabe . 6
2 Zveza s standardi . 6
3 Izrazi in definicije . 6
3.1 Veličine, ki opisujejo akustične lastnosti stavbe . 7
3.2 Veličine, ki opisujejo akustične lastnosti gradbenih elementov . 7
3.3 Drugi izrazi in veličine . 8
4 Računski model . 8
4.1 Splošna načela . 8
4.2 Določanje nadomestnih točkastih zvočnih virov . 9
4.3 Določanje ravni zvočne moči za nadomestni točkasti vir . 10
4.3.1 Splošno . 10
4.3.2 Segment strukturnih elementov fasade stavbe . 10
4.3.3 Segment odprtin . 11
4.4 Določanje korekcije usmerjenosti za nadomestni točkasti vir . 11
4.5 Omejitve . 12
5 Natančnost . 12
Dodatek A (normativni): Seznam simbolov . 13
Dodatek B (informativni): Notranje zvočno polje . 14
Dodatek C (informativni): Zvočna izolirnost . 15
Dodatek D (informativni): Faktor usmerjenosti sevanja zvoka . 16
Dodatek E (informativni): Poenostavljen model za napovedovanje zunanjih ravni zvočnega tlaka . 17
Dodatek F (informativni): Uporaba modela za enoštevilčne podatke . 20
Dodatek G (informativni): Primer izračuna . 22
Literatura. 28

SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
Evropski predgovor
Ta dokument (EN ISO 12354-4:2017) je pripravil tehnični odbor ISO/TC 43 Akustika v sodelovanju s
tehničnim odborom CEN/TC 126, Akustične lastnosti gradbenih proizvodov in stavb, katerega
sekretariat vodi AFNOR.
Ta evropski standard mora dobiti status nacionalnega standarda bodisi z objavo istovetnega besedila
ali z razglasitvijo najpozneje februarja 2018, nasprotujoče nacionalne standarde pa je treba razveljaviti
najpozneje februarja 2018.
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da so lahko nekateri elementi tega standarda predmet patentnih pravic.
CEN ni odgovoren za ugotavljanje posameznih ali vseh takih patentnih pravic.

Ta dokument nadomešča EN 12354-4:2000.

Po določilih notranjih predpisov CEN-CENELEC so ta evropski standard dolžne privzeti nacionalne
organizacije za standarde naslednjih držav: Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike, Danske,
Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga,
Madžarske, Malte, Nekdanje jugoslovanske republike Makedonije, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške,
Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Srbije, Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice, Turčije in
Združenega kraljestva.
Razglasitvena objava
Besedilo standarda ISO 12354-4:2017 je CEN odobril kot standard EN ISO 12354-4:2017 brez kakršnih
koli sprememb.
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
Predgovor
ISO (Mednarodna organizacija za standardizacijo) je svetovna zveza nacionalnih organov za standarde
(članov ISO). Mednarodne standarde ponavadi pripravljajo tehnični odbori ISO. Vsak član, ki želi
delovati na določenem področju, za katero je bil ustanovljen tehnični odbor, ima pravico biti zastopan v
tem odboru. Pri delu sodelujejo tudi mednarodne vladne in nevladne organizacije, povezane z ISO. V
vseh zadevah, ki so povezane s standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike, ISO tesno sodeluje z
Mednarodno elektrotehniško komisijo (IEC).
Postopki, uporabljeni pri pripravi tega dokumenta, in predvideni postopki za njegovo vzdrževanje so
opisani v Direktivah ISO/IEC, 1. del. Posebna pozornost naj se nameni različnim kriterijem odobritve,
potrebnim za različne vrste dokumentov ISO. Ta dokument je bil pripravljen v skladu z uredniškimi pravili
Direktiv ISO/IEC, 2. del (glej www.iso.org/directives).
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da so lahko nekateri elementi tega standarda predmet patentnih pravic.
ISO ne prevzema odgovornosti za identifikacijo nekaterih ali vseh takih patentnih pravic. Podrobnosti o
morebitnih patentnih pravicah, opredeljenih med pripravo tega dokumenta, bodo navedene v uvodu
in/ali na seznamu patentnih izjav, ki jih je prejela organizacija ISO (glej www.iso.org/patents).
Morebitna trgovska imena, uporabljena v tem dokumentu, so informacije za uporabnike in ne pomenijo
podpore blagovni znamki.
Obrazložitev pomena specifičnih terminov in izrazov ISO, povezanih z ugotavljanjem skladnosti, ter
informacij o tem, kako ISO spoštuje načela Svetovne trgovinske organizacije (WTO) v Tehničnih ovirah
pri trgovanju (TBT), je na voljo na tej povezavi: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Ta dokument je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo (CEN) CEN/TC 126,
Akustične lastnosti gradbenih proizvodov in stavb, v sodelovanju s tehničnim odborom ISO/TC 43,
Akustika, SC 2, Akustika v stavbah, v skladu s sporazumom o tehničnem sodelovanju med ISO in CEN
(Dunajski sporazum).
Ta prva izdaja razveljavlja in nadomešča izdajo ISO 15712-4:2005, ki je strokovno revidirana.
Seznam vseh delov skupine standardov ISO 12354 je na voljo na spletni strani ISO.
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
Uvod
Ta dokument je del skupine standardov, v katerih so opisani modeli za izračun akustike v stavbah.

Čeprav dokument obravnava glavne vrste gradbenih konstrukcij, doslej še ni mogoče zajeti vseh različic
konstrukcij v stavbah. Standard določa način obravnave z namenom, da se pridobijo izkušnje za
prihodnje izboljšave in razvoj.

Točnost tega dokumenta samega je težko opredeliti, ker ta tvori le en člen v verigi: raven zvoka v
notranjosti, izsevani zvok in širjenje zvoka na prostem; prva in zadnja postavka nista zajeti v tem
dokumentu. Točnost se lahko podrobno določi šele z obsežno primerjavo podatkov s terena skupaj z
drugimi napovedovalnimi standardi, tj. s tistimi za širjenje zvoka na prostem. Odgovornost uporabnika
(tj. osebe, organizacije, uradne osebe) je, da opozori na posledice točnosti, povezane z merilnimi
postopki ali metodami napovedovanja, s tem, da določi zahteve za vhodne podatke in/ali meje
uporabnosti rezultatov ali uporabi nekatere druge popravke.

Namenjen je strokovnjakom za akustiko in daje okvir za razvoj uporabnih dokumentov in orodij za druge
uporabnike na področju graditve objektov ob upoštevanju lokalnih okoliščin.

SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
Akustika v stavbah – Ocenjevanje akustičnih lastnosti stavb iz
lastnosti sestavnih delov –
4. del: Prenos zvoka iz notranjosti v okolico

1 Področje uporabe
Ta dokument določa računski model za ocenjevanje ravni zvočne moči, ki jo seva fasada stavbe zaradi
zvoka v zraku, nastalega znotraj te stavbe, predvsem z merjenjem ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe
in na podlagi izmerjenih podatkov, ki popisujejo prenos zvoka skozi zidne elemente in odprtine v fasadi
stavbe. Te ravni zvočne moči, skupaj s tistimi iz drugih virov v fasadi ali nasproti fasade stavbe, tvorijo
osnovo za izračun ravni zvočnega tlaka na izbrani razdalji od stavbe kot merila za akustično lastnost
stavbe.
Napoved ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe na podlagi poznavanja notranjih virov hrupa ni predmet
tega dokumenta.
Napoved širjenja zvoka zunaj stavbe ni predmet tega dokumenta.

OPOMBA: Za enostavne pogoje širjenja zvoka je postopek za določanje ravni zvočnega tlaka podan v dodatku E.

Ta dokument opisuje načela računskega modela, navaja seznam relevantnih veličin in določa njihovo
uporabo in omejitve.
2 Zveze s standardi
Naslednji dokumenti se sklicujejo v besedilu na takšen način, da njihov del ali celotna vsebina
predstavljata zahteve tega dokumenta. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja samo navedena izdaja.
Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja zadnja izdaja navedenega dokumenta (vključno z vsemi
dopolnili).
ISO 7235 Akustika – Laboratorijski merilni postopki za dušilnike v kanalih in elementih
za dovod in odvod zraka – Dodano dušenje, hrup zaradi pretoka in padec
celotnega tlaka
ISO 10140-1:2016 Akustika – Laboratorijsko merjenje zvočne izolirnosti stavbnih elementov –
1. del: Pravila uporabe za določene izdelke

ISO 16283-3 Akustika – Terenska merjenja zvočne izolirnosti v stavbah in stavbnih
elementih – 3. del: Izolirnost fasade

3 Izrazi in definicije
V tem dokumentu se uporabljajo naslednji izrazi in definicije ter simboli in enote, navedeni v dodatku A.

ISO in IEC hranita terminološke zbirke podatkov za uporabo pri standardizaciji na naslednjih naslovih:

– IEC Electropedia: na voljo na spletnem mestu http://www.electropedia.org/

– brskanje po spletni strani ISO: na voljo na spletnem mestu http://www.iso.org/obp

SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
3.1 Veličine, ki opisujejo akustične lastnosti stavb

3.1.1
raven zvočne moči
LW
raven zvočne moči nadomestnega točkastega vira

3.1.2
korekcija usmerjenosti
D
c
odstopanje, v decibelih, med ravnjo zvočnega tlaka točkastega zvočnega vira v dani smeri in ravnjo
neusmerjenega točkastega vira, ki proizvaja enako raven zvočne moči

3.2 Veličine, ki opisujejo akustične lastnosti gradbenih elementov

OPOMBA: Za izračune so lahko potrebni dodatni podatki o konstrukcijah, na primer oblika fasade stavbe, površine itd.

3.2.1
zvočna izolirnost
R
desetkratnik desetiškega logaritma razmerja na preskusni vzorec vpadne zvočne moči W in zvočne
moči W , prepuščene skozi preskusni vzorec, ki se izračuna iz:
Opomba: Ta veličina se določi v skladu z ISO 10140-1:2016, dodatki A, B, C in D, ali ISO 16283-1.

3.2.2
normirana razlika zvočnih ravni elementa
D
n,e
razlika prostorskega in časovnega povprečja ravni zvočnega tlaka v dveh prostorih, ki nastaja zaradi
zvočnega vira v enem prostoru, pri čemer se zvok prenaša le preko majhnega tehničnega elementa
(npr. prezračevalniki, cevi za električne kable, tesnilni sistemi), ki se izračuna iz:

kjer je A ekvivalentna absorpcijska površina v sprejemnem prostoru, v kvadratnih metrih.

Opomba 1: D je normirana na referenčno ekvivalentno absorpcijsko površino (Ao) v sprejemnem prostoru; Ao = 10 m .
n,e
Opomba 2: Ta veličina se določi v skladu z ISO 10140-1:2016, dodatek E.

3.2.3
dodano dušenje zvoka
D
zmanjšanje ravni zvočne moči na lokaciji za elementom po nadomestitvi dela kanala s
togimi stenami z dušilnim elementom

Opomba 1: Ta veličina se določi v skladu z ISO 7235.

Opomba 2: Pri elementih, na katere se ta dokument ne nanaša, naj se uporabijo ekvivalentne metode.

SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
3.3 Drugi izrazi in veličine
3.3.1
raven zvočnega tlaka
Lp
raven zvočnega tlaka na določenem sprejemnem mestu zunaj stavbe zaradi zvoka, nastalega znotraj
stavbe, in z viri, ki so povezani s stavbo, kot se normalno določi z meritvami glede na lokalne zahteve
(specifično ustrezno mesto, čas integracije in pogoje vira)

Opomba 1: Raven zvočnega tlaka je običajno A-vrednotena.

3.3.2
celotno znižanje ravni zaradi širjenja zvoka
A
tot
razlika ravni med izsevano zvočno močjo in zvočnim tlakom na mestu z razdaljo d od fasade stavbe
zaradi vseh učinkov širjenja zvoka

Opomba: Učinki širjenja zvoka vključujejo geometrijsko divergenco, absorpcijo v zraku, učinek tal, ovire itd.

3.3.3
faktor difuzivnosti
Cd
razlika ravni med ravnjo zvočnega tlaka na razdalji 1 m do 2 m od notranje stene opazovanega
gradbenega elementa in ravnjo intenzivnosti vpadlega zvoka pravokotno na ta element

Opomba 1: Za difuzno polje in odbojne stene je difuzivnost Cd = –6 dB; za vse druge primere ima lahko vrednost med 0 dB
in –6 dB.
3.3.4
notranja raven zvočnega tlaka
Lp,in
raven zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe na razdalji 1 m do 2 m od opazovanega elementa ali segmenta
ovoja stavbe
Opomba 1: V primeru difuznega zvočnega polja ta sovpada s povprečno ravnjo zvočnega tlaka v difuznem zvočnem polju.

3.3.5
nadomestni točkasti vir
točkasti zvočni vir, katerega izsevana zvočna moč je enaka moči opazovanega segmenta fasade stavbe

Opomba 1: Segment je lahko sestavljen iz enega ali več podobnih elementov ali iz ene ali več odprtin.

4 Računski model
4.1 Splošna načela
Celotna raven zvočnega tlaka na sprejemnem mestu, tj. na izbrani razdalji od stavbe, je določena z
naslednjimi prispevki:
– zvoka, ki ga sevajo elementi fasade stavbe zaradi ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj stavbe;

– zvoka, ki ga sevajo posamezni zvočni viri, pritrjeni v zunanjo fasado stavbe ali nanjo;

– zunanjega širjenja zvoka (učinek razdalje, absorpcija v zraku, učinek tal, ovire, odboji itn.).

Izsevani zvok od fasade stavbe se lahko predstavi s sevanjem enega ali več nadomestnih točkastih
virov. Vsak točkasti vir lahko predstavlja prispevek nekega segmenta fasade stavbe ali skupine
posamičnih točkastih virov. Število točkastih virov, ki je potrebno, da ustrezno nadomesti stavbo, je
odvisno od razdalje vsake sprejemne točke od stavbe in sprememb učinkov širjenja zvoka. Normalno
se fasada stavbe predstavi z vsaj enim točkastim virom za vsako stran, tj. stenami in strehami, vendar
je pogosto potrebnih več točkastih virov za vsako stran.
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
Raven zvočnega tlaka na mestu sprejema zunaj stavbe je določena s prispevki vsakega nadomestnega
točkastega vira po formuli (1):

L = L + D – A (1)
p W c tot
kjer so:
L raven zvočnega tlaka na sprejemnem mestu zunaj stavbe zaradi sevanja zvoka od
p
nadomestnega točkastega vira, v decibelih

L raven zvočne moči nadomestnega točkastega vira, v decibelih
W
D korekcija usmerjenosti za nadomestne točkaste vire v smeri sprejemne točke, v decibelih
c
A celotno zmanjšanje ravni, ki nastane pri širjenju zvoka od nadomestnega točkastega vira do
tot
sprejemne točke, v decibelih
Računski model, ki je opisan v tem dokumentu, je omejen na izračun ravni zvočne moči nadomestnih
točkastih virov za elemente stavbe in odprtin v fasadi stavbe na podlagi podatkov za:

– notranjo raven zvočnega tlaka in

– elemente, ki tvorijo fasado stavbe.

Model daje tudi indikacije o korekciji usmerjenosti, ki jo je mogoče pričakovati za različne tipe elementov.
Notranja raven zvočnega tlaka bo normalno enaka ekvivalentni ravni zvočnega tlaka znotraj
specificiranega časa merjenja, ki je izbran glede na ustrezne zahteve. Vendar se lahko uporabijo tudi
druge vrste ravni, npr. največja raven. Izračun notranje ravni zvočnega tlaka ni predmet tega dokumenta.

Izračun prispevka posameznih točkastih virov ni predmet tega dokumenta.

Celotno zmanjšanje A zaradi učinkov širjenja zvoka, potrebno za napoved ravni zvočnega tlaka na
tot
mestu sprejema, se lahko oceni na podlagi obstoječih metod za zunanje širjenje zvoka, zasnovanih na
principu točkastega vira. Izračun teh učinkov širjenja zvoka ni predmet tega dokumenta.

OPOMBA: Ena takšnih metod je podana v ISO 9613-2, kjer je celotno zmanjšanje zvoka označeno z A. Celotno zmanjšanje
sledi iz seštevkov zmanjšanja zaradi različnih učinkov širjenja zvoka, kot so geometrijska divergenca, absorpcija
v zraku, učinek tal, ovire itn.

Za enostavne pogoje širjenja zvoka je postopek za določanje ravni zvočnega tlaka podan v dodatku E.

Primer izračuna je v dodatku G.

4.2 Določanje nadomestnih točkastih zvočnih virov

Elementi, ki prispevajo k izsevanemu zvoku, se delijo v dve skupini:

– ravni viri zvoka, kot so strukturni elementi fasade stavbe, to so stene, streha, okna, vrata, vključno
z majhnimi deli stavbe s površino, manjšo od 1 m , kot so rešetke in odprtine;

– večje odprtine s površino 1 m ali več, to so velike prezračevalne odprtine, odprta vrata, odprta
okna.
Za izračun širjenja zvoka zunaj stavbe je vsak element lahko predstavljen z nadomestnim točkastim
zvočnim virom. Stavbo je mogoče tudi razdeliti v večje segmente, ki so spet predstavljeni z nadomestnim
točkastim zvočnim virom. Pri razdelitvi se uporabljajo naslednja pravila:

– širjenje zvoka do najbližjih sprejemnih točk, ki so predmet zanimanja (A ), je enako za vse
tot
elemente segmenta;
– razdalja do najbližje sprejemne točke, ki je predmet zanimanja, je večja od dvakratne največje
dimenzije segmenta;
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
– za elemente v segmentu se uporablja enaka notranja raven zvočnega tlaka;

– za elemente v segmentu se uporabljajo enaki napotki.

Če eden ali več teh pogojev ni izpolnjenih, se izberejo drugačni segmenti, na primer manjši segmenti,
dokler ti pogoji niso izpolnjeni.

Če v modelu širjenja zvoka ni specificirano drugače, se točkasti vir, ki predstavlja pokončni element,
postavi na polovico širine segmenta in na 2/3 višine segmenta; za vse druge segmente je položaj v
sredini segmenta.
4.3 Določanje ravni zvočne moči za nadomestni točkasti vir

4.3.1 Splošno
Za vsak segment se raven zvočne moči določi na podlagi naslednjih vhodnih podatkov:

– notranje ravni zvočnega tlaka: L ;
p,in
– zvočne izolirnosti velikega elementa stavbe i na fasadi stavbe: R ;
i
– normirane razlike zvočne ravni majhnega elementa i: D ;
n,e,i
– dušenja zvoka po vgradnji dušilnega elementa za odprtino i: D ;
i
– površine elementa stavbe ali odprtine i: S .
i
4.3.2 Segment strukturnih elementov fasade stavbe

Raven zvočne moči za nadomestni točkasti vir se določi s formulo (2):

kjer so:
L raven zvočne moči na razdalji 1 m do 2 m od notranjega segmenta, v decibelih
p,in
C faktor difuzivnosti za notranje zvočno polje pri segmentu, v decibelih
d
R' gradbena zvočna izolirnost za segment, v decibelih

S površina segmenta, v kvadratnih metrih

S referenčna površina, v kvadratnih metrih; S = 1 m
o o
Gradbena zvočna izolirnost za segment sledi iz podatkov za sestavljene elemente i po formuli (3):

kjer so:
R zvočna izolirnost elementa i, v decibelih
i
S površina elementa i, v kvadratnih metrih
i
D razlika ravni zvočnega tlaka za majhen element i, v decibelih
n,e,i
A referenčna absorpcijska površina; v kvadratnih metrih; A = 10 m
o o
SIST EN ISO 12354-4 : 2017
m število velikih elementov segmenta

n število majhnih elementov segmenta

Informacija o notranji ravni zvočnega tlaka in difuzivnosti zvočnega polja je podana v dodatku B;
zasnovana je na tipu zaprtega prostora in notranjih pogojih za elemente fasade stavbe.

OPOMBA 1: V primeru idealno difuznega zvočnega polja in neabsorpcijskih elementov je C = –6 dB; za industrijske prostore
d
in segmente, ki so na notranji strani neabsorbirajoči, je vrednost C = –5 dB na splošno primernejša.
d
OPOMBA 2: Prispevek strukturalnega zvoka k izsevanemu zvoku ni vključen v ta model. Ta bi bil v grobem lahko vključen prek
prirejene zvočne izolirnosti; nekateri primeri so podani v dodatku C.

Informacija o zvočni izolirnosti, primerni za uporabo, je podana v dodatku C.

4.3.3 Segment odprtin
Raven zvočne moči za nadomestni točkasti vir se določi s formulo (4):

kjer so:
S površina odprtine i, v kvadratnih metrih
i
D dušenje zvoka po vgradnji dušilnega elementa za odprtino i, v decibelih
i
o število odprtin v segmentu
Izračun ravni zvočne moči se izvaja v frekvenčnih pasovih, ki so dobljeni iz akustičnih podatkov za
elemente v frekvenčnih pasovih (terčnih ali oktavnih). Izračun se izvaja vsaj za oktavne pasove od
125 Hz do 2000 Hz ali za terčne pasove od 100 Hz do 3150 Hz. Računanje se lahko razširi na višje ali
nižje frekvence, če so za takšno širše frekvenčno območje na voljo akustični podatki. Informacije o
izolirnosti pred zvokom v nizkofrekvenčnem območju do 50 Hz so na voljo v standardu ISO
12354-1:2017, dodatek I. Vprašanja v zvezi s terenskimi meritvami zvočne izolirnosti fasade v
nizkofrekvenčnem območju so posebej obravna
...