oSIST prEN 17988-1:2023
(Main)Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Part 1: general requirements and guidance
Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Part 1: general requirements and guidance
This document specifies the general requirements and provides the reader guidance, recommendations and requirements for changing from a linear economy to a circular one by focusing on the general principles of circular design for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment, situating them in the current context of the European circular economy.
This document also specifies the stakeholders and their relationships with each other in a general context, as well as for the different parts of the series of standards to which this part belongs.
Kreislaufwirtschaft von Fischfanggeräten und Aquakulturausrüstungen - Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen und Leitlinien
Dieses Dokument identifiziert die Interessengruppen der einzelnen Teile der Normenreihe zur Kreislaufwirtschaft von Fischfanggeräten und Aquakulturausrüstungen und zeigt die Beziehungen zwischen den Interessengruppen auf.
Krožna zasnova ribolovnega orodja in opreme za akvakulturo - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in navodila
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17988-1:2023
01-september-2023
Krožna zasnova ribolovnega orodja in opreme za akvakulturo - 1. del: Splošne
zahteve in navodila
Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment - Part 1: general requirements
and guidance
Kreislaufwirtschaft von Fischfanggeräten und Aquakulturausrüstungen - Teil 1:
Allgemeine Anforderungen und Leitlinien
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17988-1
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
65.150 Ribolov in ribogojstvo Fishing and fish breeding
oSIST prEN 17988-1:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 17988-1:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17988-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2023
ICS
English Version
Circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
- Part 1: general requirements and guidance
Norm für kreislauforientiertes Design von
Fischfanggeräten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 466.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17988-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 General principles of circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 6
4.1 Circular economy . 6
4.2 Waste hierarchy . 6
4.3 Life cycle perspective . 7
4.4 Resource and material efficiency . 7
4.5 Optimizing strategies in product design . 8
4.6 Consideration related to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes . 9
4.6.1 EPR Schemes . 9
4.6.2 EPR implementation opportunities and challenges linked specifically to waste gear 10
5 Circular design of the fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 11
5.1 Influences on circular design of the producers of fishing gear and aquaculture
equipment . 11
5.1.1 Design for ‘Prevention’ . 11
5.1.2 Design with biodegradable materials . 11
5.1.3 Preparing for End-of-Use . 12
5.2 Influences on circular design of installation and delivery stakeholders . 12
5.3 Influences on circular design of fishers/aquaculturists . 13
5.4 Influences on circular design of retrievers from sea. 13
5.5 Influences on circular design of end-of-use fishing gear/aquaculture equipment
collectors . 13
5.6 Influences on circular design of end-of-use fishing gear aquaculture equipment sorter
14
5.7 Influences on circular design of recyclers . 14
5.8 Influences on circular design of producers of other recovery . 14
5.9 Influences on circular design of producers of disposal . 15
6 Stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities in the value chain . 15
6.1 Value Chain . 15
6.2 Key Actors, their roles and influences on circular design . 19
6.2.1 Roles of producers of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment . 19
6.2.2 Roles of installation and delivery stakeholders . 20
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6.2.3 Roles of Users: fisher/aquaculturist. 21
6.2.4 Roles of retrievers from seas . 21
6.2.5 Roles of end-of-use fishing gear/aquaculture equipment collectors . 21
6.2.6 The roles of end-of-use fishing gear aquaculture equipment sorter/waste handlers . 21
6.2.7 The roles of Recyclers . 22
6.2.8 Roles of producers of other recovery . 22
6.2.9 Roles of producers of Disposal . 23
6.2.10 Other Stakeholders . 23
Annex A (Informative) Waste Hierarchy vs Circular Economy . 24
A.1 Waste hierarchy . 24
Annex B (Informative) Key Stakeholders . 27
B.1 Key Stakeholders . 27
B.1.1 Producer - fishing gear . 27
B.1.2 Installation/delivery stakeholders . 27
B.1.3 User - Fisher/Aquaculturist . 27
B.1.4 Retrievers from sea . 27
B.1.5 End-of-use collection and dismantling stakeholders . 27
B.1.6 Recyclers . 28
B.1.7 Producer of other recovery . 28
B.1.8 Producer of disposal . 28
B.1.9 Other stakeholders . 28
Bibliography . 29
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European foreword
This document (prEN 17988-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 466
“Circularity and recyclability of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment”, the secretariat of which is
held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
EN 17988 consists of the following parts, under the general title Circular design of fishing gear and
aquaculture equipment:
• Part 1: General requirements and guidance
• Part 2: User manual and labelling
• Part 3: Technical requirements
• Part 4: Environmental and circularity requirements and guidelines
• Part 5: Circular business models
• Part 6: Digitalization of gear and components
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Introduction
Directive (EU) 2019/904 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of the
impact of certain plastic products on the environment (“Single Use Plastic directive”, SUP) lays down
rules on different plastic products, including fishing gear and aquaculture equipment containing
plastics, and sets requirement to the Member States to establish Extended Producer Responsibility
schemes (EPR schemes).
In 2021 the Commission Implementing Decision M/574 on a standardization request to the European
Committee for Standardization as regards circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
in support of Directive (EU) 2019/904 was approved in line with Article 8(9) of the Directive.
Based on the mandate M/574, a standard with six parts and a technical standard (TS) on terms and
definitions have been developed by CEN/TC 466.
The purpose of this series of documents is to provide stakeholders with requirements and guidelines
to address the different aspects of circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment,
encourage preparing for re-use and facilitate recyclability at end of use. The standard parts are
developed not only to support the Single Use Plastics directives (SUP), but the Port Reception
Facilities (PRF) Directive as well as the extended producer responsibility (EPR).
These requirements and guidelines for the circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
containing plastics can be applied in the design, manufacturing, use and recycling of such fishing
gear/equipment.
This document, part 1 of the standard, describes the general principles of circular design of fishing
gear and aquaculture equipment (see Clause 4) . Additionally, it identifies the stakeholders of each
part of the series of standards on the circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment and
how the stakeholders are related to each other (see Clause 7). This document also illustrates how all
parts of this standards relates to each other (see subclauses 4.3 and 6.1).
The focus of these standard parts, and the mandate, is on circularity. Therefore, this document will
focus on the principles for retaining fishing gear and aquaculture equipment or parts thereof in the
circular economy for as many cycles as feasible, together with minimizing the negative impact of the
plastic and other components on the environment. It will provide general design criteria for
achieving this goal while balancing it with the impact on its performance (e.g. catchability or life
span). When implementing the requirements and guidance in these standard parts, balanced trade-
offs to other environmental issues therefore need to be taken into account.
The intention with this multipart standard is also to facilitate for organizations to contribute to the
UN Sustainability Development Goals (SDG):
• 9 Industry, innovation, and infrastructure.
• 12 Responsible consumption and production.
• 14 Life below water.
Specially SDG 14.1 is particularly relevant.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the stakeholders of each part of the series of standards on the circular design
of fishing gear and aquaculture equipment and how the stakeholders are related to each other.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 General principles of circular design of fishing gear and aquaculture
equipment
4.1 Circular economy
Circular economy refers to an economic model of production and consumption in which final
materials are repaired, reused, recovered and recycled back into the cycle as much as possible.
Ultimately, waste is kept to a minimum.
4.2 Waste hierarchy
The EU Waste Framework Directive (Reference [1]), the cornerstone of European waste policies and
legislation, is a strategy to achieve a circular economy by providing guidance on circular product
design through prioritization of End-of-Use options. It defines terminology used in regard to waste
and concepts and principles such as the extended producer responsibility (EPR), the waste hierarchy,
and the polluter pays principle. Preferred waste management for the European Union is organized
and described in the ”waste hierarchy” where the goal is to move away from disposal at landfills and
act towards prevention of waste from occurring.
Its primary purpose is to minimize adverse environmental effects from waste and to increase and
optimize resource efficiency in waste management and policy.
It ensures that, from the start, products are designed to reduce overall waste. Additionally, the waste
hierarchy prepares for a product’s end-of-use so that materials can re-enter the cycle by means of
reuse, recycling, and recovery.
Figure 1 illustrates the transition from Linear Economy (I) towards Circular Economy (III) via
Recycle Economy (II).
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Figure 1 — Transition from Linear Economy towards Circular Economy via Recycle Economy
4.3 Life cycle perspective
From a life cycle perspective, both the waste hierarchy and circular economy consider the whole life
cycle of a product, including the pre-use phase, use phase, and post-use phase. Both the waste
hierarchy and circular economy have evolved over time to emphasize the design and use of a product
before it turns into waste. Therefore, we can see that circular economy and waste hierarchy share a
joint philosophy, aiming to manage waste by rethinking, redesigning, and repurposing in order to
improve the resource efficiency of a product and to reduce the generation and adverse impact of
waste. The minor difference is that the waste hierarchy still allows disposal, while the framework of
a circular economy does not. The characteristics and performance of materials/parts shall be
preserved as much as possible. Materials/ parts shall be collected when damaged to be repaired and
prepared for reuse, and at their end of use. Transport, weight and packaging dimensions (including
stackability) of parts/ kits, etc. shall be taken into account.
4.4 Resource and material efficiency
Various approaches, known as R-strategies, have been developed to achieve less resource and
material consumption in product chains and make the economy more circular. All R-lists resemble
each other and differ mainly in the number of circularity strategies they put forward. They typically
present a range of strategies ordered from high circularity (low R-number) to low circularity (high
R-number).
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Figure 5 in Annex A demonstrates how the five Waste Hierarchy components correspond with the
11Rs of Circular Economy.
4.5 Optimizing strategies in product design
Generally, product designs that optimize durability, ease of maintenance and repair, upgradability,
re-manufacturability, separability, disassembly and reassembly are considered key elements for the
transition towards circularity of products. Figure 2 demonstrates the design paradigm transition
from Functional design towards Circular Design.
Key
I Functional design at LINEAR ECONOMY O3 Least favoured option at RECYCLE
ECONOMY
II Waste Hierarchy at RECYCLE ECONOMY O Optimum at CIRCULAR ECONOMY
4
III Circular design at CIRCULAR ECONOMY A Prevention of waste at RECYCLE
ECONOMY
X Best performance of Fishing Gear / Aquaculture B Preparing for reuse at RECYCLE
Equipment ECONOMY
Y Total Cost of Ownership C Recycling at RECYCLE ECONOMY
Z Best End of Use Handling D Recovery at RECYCLE ECONOMY
O Optimum at LINEAR ECONOMY E Disposal at RECYCLE ECONOMY
1
O2 Most favoured option at RECYCLE ECONOMY
Figure 2 — Transition from functional design to circular design
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4.6 Consideration related to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes
4.6.1 EPR Schemes
EPR is a self-financed and incentivized system with no cost to public budgets. It makes producers
accountable for financing end-of-use cost (take-back and recycling) while providing incentives for
producers to prevent waste at the source as well as incentive producers to design products that are
recyclable/reusable.
EPR schemes are required for products regulated in the Single Use Plastic Directive 2019/904 § 8
(Reference [2]) including Fishing gear and aquaculture equipment. The objectives of this Directive
are to prevent and reduce the impact of certain plastic products on the environment, in particular
the aquatic environment, and on human health, as well as to promote the transition to a circular
economy with innovative and sustainable business models, products and materials. Specifically 27 %
of the waste is coming from fishing gear at Europe ‘s beaches and seas. As plastic components of
fishing gear have high recycling potential, Member States should, in line with the polluter pays
principle, introduce EPR for fishing gear and components containing plastic to ensure separate
collection of waste fishing gear and to finance environmentally sound waste management of waste
fishing gear, in particular recycling.
Figure 3 gives an overview over what is covered by the EPR in the context of Fishing Gear /
Aquaculture Equipment
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Key
S0 Producer Responsibility Organization
S1 Fishing Gear / Aquaculture Equipment Producer & Repairer
S2 Fisher / Aquaculturist
S3 Fishing Gear / Aquaculture Equipment Collector & Sorter
S4 Plastic / Metal Recycler & Recoverer
D1 Service documentation for registrations, declarations, reporting, collection & treatment
D2 Contract for information exchange & financing
D3 Contract for Recycling / Recovery
D4 Certificates for Recycling / Recovery
D5 Contract for Collection & Sorting
D6 Certificates for Collection & Sorting
D7 Service for Producer Responsibility Organization on training and awareness raising
D8 Contract for Producer Responsibility Organization on training and awareness raising
Figure 3 — EPR for fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
4.6.2 EPR implementation opportunities and challenges linked specifically to waste gear
Opportunities:
• Return of waste fishing gears should be free of charge for the end user in order to reduce marine
litter.
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• Waste management sector should be expanded.
• Financing of waste fishing gear recycling should be secured by producers.
Challenges:
• Low, geographically dispersed volumes with a very specialized recycling technology require
European harmonization and collective EPR rather than individual solutions. Harmonized
national transposition of the Directive in each individual EU Member State (plus Norway, UK and
Iceland) is necessary.
• Collection and recycling targets are not defined on a European level, definition on national level
is needed to ensure recycling of sufficient volumes.
5 Circular design of the fishing gear and aquaculture equipment
5.1 Influences on circular design of the producers of fishing gear and aquaculture
equipment
5.1.1 Design for ‘Prevention’
5.1.1.1 Refuse redundant functions
Make product redundant by abandoning its function or by offering the same function by a radically
different (e.g. digital) product or service.
5.1.1.2 Rethink - only recyclable materials to be considered
It is not enough to put recyclables in a separate place; it should be rethought what actions can be
accomplished to root out unnecessary wastefulness.
5.1.1.3 Reduce impact on nature
Design to reduce impact on the marine environment by using less material in design and
manufacture. keeping products for longer; reduce waste through re-use; using less hazardous
materials; increase research on environmentally friendly design; avoid off-cuts / discards
(behaviour); redesign net; develop technology optimize performance vs degradation in use; prevent
littering; reduce variety and use performance additives; employ more durable materials.
5.1.2 Design with biodegradable materials
Biodegradable gear has the potential to form part of the solution in the future. However the design is
still in its infancy, with the following considerations;
• Further research is required considering fisher and aquaculturist perspectives.
• Biodegradable components should only be considered where loss cannot be prevented, and
biodegradability has been proven within the natural environment without posing an
environmental risk.
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5.1.3 Preparing for End-of-Use
5.1.3.1 Design for disassembly
Design for disassembly allows the recycling and recovery of fishing gear / aquaculture equipment its
parts and materials with the help of modular design.
• Easy disassembly is required to minimize the manual labour time and cost to prepare gear for
recycling;
• Fishing gear / aquaculture equipment could be designed to include fewer types of components,
or fixings which are re-sealable.
5.1.3.2 Design for capture at End-of-Use
How can fishing gear / aquaculture equipment be designed for product life extension, to enable
repair and perhaps remanufacturing / refurbishment of parts of the gear, as well as educating fishers
to better repair nets in a way that facilitates recycling at end-of-use;
• Fewer materials would make recycling and recovery more feasible;
• Transparency recyclers / recoverees require accurate information on what materials have been
used in the production of Fishing gear / aquaculture equipment (including chemicals used in
coatings);
• Value of materials – using materials such as Nylon 6 which have higher value on the secondary
market will incentivise recycling.
5.2 Influences on circular design of installation and delivery stakeholders
• Value adding activities:
o Finfish – Construction and installation to be enabled with minimal waste, and any waste
collectable and recyclable.
o Oysters – Installation of trestles with secure fastenings for oyster bags and cages.
Consideration of design of fasteners to ensure strength, stretch and longevity.
o Mussels – Installation minimizing material wastage.
o Scallops – Installation minimizing material wastage.
o Seaweed - provide habitat (e.g. for fish) and support environmental quality through
bioremediation (absorption of nutrients and pollutants) and carbon fixation (in seaweed
tissues).
• Output:
o Finfish – Pens installed securely with minimal waste, and any packaging to be collected and
designed for reuse or recycling.
o Oysters – Minimal waste and packaging to be collected and designed for reuse or recycling.
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o Mussels – Minimal waste and packaging to be collected and designed for reuse or recycling.
o Scallops - Minimal waste and packaging to be collected and designed for reuse or recycling.
o Seaweed - great potential to meet goals for blue growth and food security.
5.3 Influences on circular design of fishers/aquaculturists
Preparing for reuse means checking, cleaning or repairing operations, by which products or
components of products that have become waste are prepared so that they can be re-used without
any other pre-processing.
The key difference between ‘re-use’ and ‘preparing for re-use‘ is that in the first case the material or
object has not become waste, whereas in the case of ‘preparing for re-use’, the material in question
has become waste.
Re-use is a means of waste prevention. Any operation by which products or components that are not
waste are used again for the same purpose for which they were conceived is considered re-use of a
product which is still in good condition and fulfils its original function (and is not waste) for the same
purpose for which it was conceived.
5.4 Influences on circular design of retrievers from sea
It goes without saying that it is necessary to reduce Abandoned, Lost or Discarded (ALD) fishing gear
and aquaculture equipment even though appropriate information is still required on various aspects
of ALD fishing gear and aquaculture equipment by addressing a wide range of preventative,
mitigating, and curative measures. The use of economic incentives and measures to encourage fishers
to report lost gear, or bring to port their old, damaged or recovered ALD fishing gear and aquaculture
equipment shall be developed and implemented. Awareness-raising of all stakeholders is needed,
with ALD fishing gear and aquaculture equipment measures including an educational element and
appropriate reporting to increase awareness.
Efforts shall focus on preventive measures such as spatial management, gear marking to indicate
traceable identification, ownership and geolocation supported by a comprehensive vessel and gear
registration system and port inspection.
5.5 Influences on circular design of end-of-use fishing gear/aquaculture equipment
collectors
The containers in the harbour should be easily accessible for the fisher but at the same time not be
used as garbage bins for the public. Simple carriers such as big bags or pallets keep costs low and
increase circularity. There is a low risk that the material is blended with public waste.
The port facility instructions state that old fishing gear left by the fisher and the material collected by
fishing for litter should be sorted separately. This makes sense as the material from fish
...
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