oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
(Main)High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Begriffe und Prüfbedingungen
Technique des essais à haute tension - Partie 1: Définitions et exigences générales
Visokonapetostne preskusne tehnike - 1. del: Splošne definicije in preskusne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
01-maj-2023
Visokonapetostne preskusne tehnike - 1. del: Splošne definicije in preskusne
zahteve
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Begriffe und Prüfbedingungen
Technique des essais à haute tension - Partie 1: Définitions et exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
19.080 Električno in elektronsko Electrical and electronic
preskušanje testing
oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
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oSIST prEN IEC 60060-1:2023
42/414/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60060-1 ED4
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-03-24 2023-06-16
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
42/403/CD, 42/409/CC
IEC TC 42 : HIGH-VOLTAGE AND HIGH-CURRENT TEST TECHNIQUES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Canada Mr Howard G. Sedding
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 14,TC 17,SC 17A,SC 17C,SC 18A,TC 23,TC
32,TC 36,TC 37,TC 38,TC 122
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
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CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
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AC/22/2007.
TITLE:
High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2027
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2023 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
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1 FOREWORD . 5
2 1 Scope . 7
3 2 Normative references . 7
4 3 Terms and definitions . 7
5 3.1 Definitions related to characteristics of discharges . 8
6 3.2 Definitions related to characteristics of the test voltage . 8
7 3.3 Definitions related to tolerance and uncertainty . 9
8 3.4 Definitions related to statistical characteristics of disruptive discharge
9 voltage values . 9
10 3.5 Definitions related to classification of insulation in test objects. 11
11 4 General requirements . 11
12 4.1 General requirements for test procedures . 11
13 4.2 Arrangement of the test object in dry tests . 12
14 4.3 Atmospheric corrections in dry tests . 12
15 4.3.1 Standard reference atmosphere . 12
16 4.3.2 Atmospheric correction factors for air gaps . 13
17 4.3.3 Application of correction factors . 13
18 4.3.4 Correction factor components . 14
19 4.3.5 Measurement of atmospheric parameters . 16
20 4.3.6 Conflicting requirements for testing internal and external insulation . 18
21 4.4 Wet tests . 18
22 4.4.1 Wet test procedure . 18
23 4.4.2 Atmospheric corrections for wet tests . 19
24 4.5 Artificial pollution tests . 20
25 5 Tests with direct voltage . 20
26 5.1 Definitions for direct voltage tests . 20
27 5.2 Test voltage . 20
28 5.2.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 20
29 5.2.2 Generation of the test voltage . 21
30 5.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 21
31 5.2.4 Measurement of the test current . 21
32 5.3 Test procedures . 22
33 5.3.1 Withstand voltage tests. 22
34 5.3.2 Disruptive discharge voltage tests . 22
35 5.3.3 Assured disruptive discharge voltage tests . 22
36 6 Tests with alternating voltage . 22
37 6.1 Definitions for alternating voltage tests . 22
38 6.2 Test Voltage . 23
39 6.2.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 23
40 6.2.2 Generation of the test voltage . 24
41 6.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 25
42 6.2.4 Measurement of the test current . 25
43 6.3 Test procedures . 25
44 6.3.1 Withstand voltage tests. 25
45 6.3.2 Disruptive-discharge voltage tests . 26
46 6.3.3 Assured disruptive-discharge voltage tests . 26
47 7 Tests with lightning impulse voltage . 26
48 7.1 Definitions for lightning impulse voltage tests . 26
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49 7.2 Test voltage . 34
50 7.2.1 Requirements for test voltages . 34
51 7.2.2 Generation of the test voltage . 35
52 7.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage and determination of impulse shape . 35
53 7.2.4 Measurement of current during tests with impulse voltages . 35
54 7.3 Test procedures . 35
55 7.3.1 Withstand voltage tests. 35
56 7.3.2 Assured disruptive-discharge voltage tests . 37
57 8 Tests with switching impulse voltage . 37
58 8.1 Definitions for switching impulse voltage tests . 37
59 8.2 Test voltage . 39
60 8.2.1 Requirements for test voltages . 39
61 8.2.2 Generation of the test voltage . 39
62 8.2.3 Measurement of test voltage and determination of impulse shape . 39
63 8.2.4 Measurement of current during tests with impulse voltages . 39
64 8.3 Test procedures . 40
65 9 Tests with combined voltages . 40
66 9.1 Introduction . 40
67 9.2 Definitions for combined voltage tests . 40
68 9.3 Test voltage . 43
69 9.3.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 43
70 9.3.2 Generation of test voltages . 43
71 9.3.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 44
72 9.4 Test procedures . 44
73 10 Tests with composite voltages . 44
74 10.1 Introduction . 44
75 10.2 Definitions for composite voltage tests . 45
76 10.3 Test voltage . 47
77 10.3.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 47
78 10.3.2 Generation of test voltages . 47
79 10.3.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 48
80 10.4 Test procedures . 48
81 Annex A (informative) Statistical treatment of test results . 49
82 A.1 Classification of tests . 49
83 A.1.1 Class 1: Multiple-level tests (Figure A.1) . 49
84 A.1.2 Class 2: Up-and-down tests (Figure A.2) . 49
85 A.1.3 Class 3: Progressive stress tests (Figure A.3) . 50
86 A.2 Statistical behaviour of disruptive discharge . 50
87 A.2.1 Confidence limits . 50
88 A.3 Analysis of test results . 51
89 A.3.1 Treatment of results from Class 1 tests . 54
90 A.3.2 Treatment of results from Class 2 tests . 55
91 A.3.3 Treatment of results from Class 3 tests . 56
92 A.4 Application of maximum likelihood methods . 56
93 A.5 Reference documents . 57
94 Annex B (normative) Procedures for calculation of parameters of standard lightning
95 impulse voltages without or with superimposed overshoot or oscillations . 58
96 B.1 General remarks . 58
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97 B.2 Basis of the procedures . 58
98 B.3 Procedure for evaluation of parameters of full lightning impulses . 58
99 B.4 Procedure for evaluation of parameters of tail chopped lightning impulses . 61
100 Annex C (informative) . 63
101 Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms. 63
102 Annex D (informative) Guidance for implementing software for evaluation of lightning
103 impulse voltage parameters . 64
104 D.1 Guidance for implementing base curve fitting . 64
105 D.2 An example of a digital filter for implementation of the test voltage function
106 . 64
107 D.3 Reference documents . 65
108 Annex E (informative) The iterative calculation method in the converse procedure for
109 the determination of atmospheric correction factor . 66
110 E.1 Introductory remark . 66
111 E.2 Change of atmospheric pressure with altitude . 66
112 E.3 Sensitivity of K to U . 67
t 50
113 E.4 Calculation with the iterative calculation procedure . 68
114 E.5 Comment . 72
115 E.6 Reference documents . 72
116 Annex F (informative) New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage . 73
117 F.1 Time to peak evaluation . 73
118 F.2 Standard switching impulse voltage . 73
119 F.3 Non-standard switching impulse voltage . 73
120
121 Figure 1 – Recommended minimum clearance D of extraneous live or earthed objects
122 to the energized electrode of a test object, during an AC or positive switching impulse
123 test at the maximum voltage U applied during test . 12
124 Figure 2 – k as a function of the ratio of the absolute humidity h to the relative air
125 density δ (see 4.3.4.2 for limits of applicability) . 15
126 Figure 3a – Values of exponent m for air density correction as a function of
127 parameter g . 16
128 Figure 3b – Values of exponent w for humidity correction as a function of parameter g
129 . 16
130 Figure 4 – Absolute humidity of air as a function of dry- and wet-bulb thermometer
131 readings . 17
132 Figure 5 – Full lightning impulse voltage . 27
133 Figure 6 – Test voltage function . 28
134 Figure 7 – Full impulse voltage time parameters . 29
135 Figure 8 – Voltage time interval . 30
136 Figure 9 – Voltage integral . 31
137 Figure 10 – Lightning impulse voltage chopped on the front . 32
138 Figure 11 – Lightning impulse voltage chopped on the tail . 32
139 Figure 12 – Linearly rising front chopped impulse . 33
140 Figure 13 – Voltage/time curve for impulses of constant prospective shape . 34
141 Figure 14 – Switching impulse voltage (to be newly plotted). 38
142 Figure 15 – Circuit for a combined voltage test . 41
143 Figure 16 – Schematic example for combined voltage (AC + positive impulse) between
144 two HV terminals. 42
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145 Figure 17 – Examples of time delay ∆t . 43
146 Figure 18 – Circuit for a composite voltage test . 45
147 Figure 19 – Schematic example for composite voltage (AC and positive impulse)
148 between one HV terminal and earth . 46
149 Figure 20 – Examples of time delay ∆t . 47
150 Figure A.1 – Example of a multiple-level (Class 1) test . 52
151 Figure A.2 – Examples of decreasing and increasing up-and-down (Class 2) tests for
152 determination of 10 % and 90 % disruptive-discharge probabilities respectively . 53
153 Figure A.3 – Examples of progressive stress (Class 3) tests . 54
154 Figure B.1 – Recorded and base curves showing overshoot and residual curve . 59
155 Figure B.2 – Test voltage curve (addition of base curve and filtered residual curve). 59
156 Figure B.3 – Recorded and test voltage curves . 60
157 Figure E.1 – Atmospheric pressure as a function of altitude . 66
158
159 Table 1 – Values of exponents, m for air density correction and w for humidity
160 correction, as a function of the parameter g . 16
161 Table 2 – Precipitation conditions for standard procedure . 19
162 Table A.1– Discharge probabilities in up-and-down testing . 56
163 Table E.1 – Altitudes and air pressure of some locations . 67
164 Table E.2 – Initial K and its sensitivity coefficients with respect to U for the example
50
t
165 of the standard phase-to-earth AC test voltage of 395 kV . 67
166 Table E.3 – Initial and converged K values for the example of the standard phase-to-
t
167 earth AC test voltage of 395 kV . 72
168
169
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170 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
171 ____________
172
173 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –
174
175 Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
176
177
178 FOREWORD
179 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
180 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
181 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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184 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
185 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
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187 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
188 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
189 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
190 interested IEC National Committees.
191 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
192 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
193 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
194 misinterpretation by any end user.
195 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
196 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
197 any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
198 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
199 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
200 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
201 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
202 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
203 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
204 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
205 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
206 Publications.
207 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
208 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
209 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
210 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
211 International Standard IEC 60060-1 has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee 42: High-
212 voltage and high-current test techniques.
213 This fourth edition of IEC 60060-1 cancels and replaces the third edition, published in 2010,
214 and constitutes a technical revision.
215 The significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
216 a) The general layout and text were updated and improved to make the standard easier to use,
217 particularly the chapters for combined and composite test voltages.
218 b) The positive tolerance of the front time of lightning impulse was extended for U > 800 kV to
m
219 100 % (= 2,4 µs)
220 c) For switching impulse voltage, a front time was introduced, similar to lightning impulse
221 voltage and with the new front time the standard switching impulse is defined as 170/2500
222 µs.
223 d) The requirements for precipitations were adjusted depending on U .
m
224 e) Annex C “Procedure for manual calculation from graphical waveforms” was incorporated.
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225 f) No examples for software were given in Annex D “Guidance for implementing software for
226 evaluation of lightning impulse voltage parameters”
227 g) Annex about “Background to the introduction of the test voltage factor for evaluation of
228 impulses with overshoot” was deleted.
229 h) A new informative Annex F “New definition of the front time of switching impulse voltage”
230 was incorporated.
231
FDIS Report on voting
42/xx/FDIS 42/xx/RVD
232
233 Full information on the voting for the approval of this document can be found in the report on
234 voting indicated in the above table.
235 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
236 A list of all the parts in the IEC 60060 series, under the general title High-voltage and high-
237 current test techniques, can be found on the IEC website.
238 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
239 stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
240 this specific publication. At this date, the publication will be:
241 • reconfirmed;
242 • withdrawn;
243 • replaced by a revised edition or
244 • amended.
245
246
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247 HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –
248
249 Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
250
251
252
253 1 Scope
254 This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to:
255 – dielectric tests with direct voltage;
256 – dielectric tests with alternating voltage;
257 – dielectric tests with impulse voltage;
258 – dielectric tests with combinations of the above.
259 This part is applicable to tests on equipment having its highest voltage for equipment U above
m
260 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
261 NOTE 1 Alternative test procedures may be required to obtain reproducible and significant results. The choice of a
262 suitable test procedure is considered by the relevant Technical Committee.
263 NOTE 2 For voltages U above 800 kV some specified procedures, tolerances and uncertainties may not be
m
264 achievable.
265 2 Normative references
266 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
267 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
268 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
269 IEC 60060-2, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
270 IEC 60270, High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements
271 IEC 60507, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c. systems
272 IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurements in high-voltage and high-
273 current tests - Part 1: Requirements for instruments for impulse tests
274 IEC 61083-2, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-current
275 tests - Part 2: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
276 IEC 61083-3, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-current
277 tests - Part 3: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
278 IEC 62475, High-current test techniques: Definitions and requirements for test currents and
279 measuring systems
280 3 Terms and definitions
281 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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282 3.1 Definitions related to characteristics of discharges
283 3.1.1
284 disruptive discharge
285 phenomenon associated with the failure of insulation under electrical stress which includes a collapse
286 of voltage and the passage of current
...
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